Driver rehabilitation

PURPOSE: People with spinal cord injury (PwSCI) can experience life changes, including impacts on their physical and mental health. PwSCI often report less life satisfaction and lower subjective well-being than peers without SCI. These challenges and adversities increase the demand on them to be more resilient. Healthcare providers need quick and valid instruments to assess adult patients' resilience in clinical settings. We aimed to validate the factor validity and discrimination ability of a resilience scale, CD-RISC-10, for clinical usage in adults with SCI during hospitalization...

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate insomnia symptoms and environmental disruptors at admission and discharge in a subacute rehabilitation care setting. METHODS: Veterans (age ≥50) admitted to a Veterans Health Administration (VA) Hospital subacute rehabilitation between March and August 2022 completed baseline ( N  = 46) and follow up ( N  = 33) assessments with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Sleep Need Questionnaire (SNQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and an assessment of environmental sleep disruptors...

BACKGROUND: The transition from alertness to drowsiness can cause considerable changes in the respiratory system, providing an opportunity to detect driver drowsiness. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine which respiratory features indicate driver drowsiness and then use these features to classify the level of drowsiness and alertness. METHODS: Twenty male students (mean age 25.6±2.41 years) participated in the study using a driving simulator, and eight features, including expiration duration (ED), inspiration duration (ID), peak-to-peak amplitude (PA), inspiration-to-expiration time ratio (I/E ratio), driving, timing, respiration rate (RR), and yawning, were extracted from the respiratory signal generated by abdominal motions using a belt equipped with a force sensor...

OBJECTIVE: Attention disorder and substance use disorder are linked to driving impairment and increased road crash involvement. This study explores attention deficits in a population of drivers found driving under the influence (DUI) of psychoactive substances. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted comparing subjects with a previous DUI episode (cases) to subjects who were negative for DUI offenses (controls). Personal, socio-demographic, and DUI data were collected for both groups...

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to develop a machine learning algorithm to predict nonhome discharge after cervical spine surgery that is validated and usable on a national scale to ensure generalizability and elucidate candidate drivers for prediction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Excessive length of hospital stay can be attributed to delays in postoperative referrals to intermediate care rehabilitation centers or skilled nursing facilities...

Injuries to skeletal muscle are among the most common injuries in civilian and military populations, accounting for nearly 60% of extremity injuries. The standard of care for severe extremity injury has been focused upon limb salvage procedures and the utilization of tissue grafts or orthotics in conjunction with rehabilitation to avoid amputation. Nonetheless, many patients have persistent strength and functional deficits that permanently impact their quality of life. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that partial restoration of functional skeletal muscle tissue following injury can be achieved by the implantation of a biologic scaffold composed of extracellular matrix (ECM)...

BACKGROUND: Professional drivers in Saudi Arabia may be at increased risk for mental illness because of their expatriate status, long driving hours, and unhealthy lifestyles. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia, most of whom are expatriates. METHODS: Professional drivers (n = 324) were interviewed after convenient sampling of transportation companies...

RATIONALE: Evidence suggests that sustainability planning and the use of a collaborative approach to planning result in better sustainability outcomes and more relevant knowledge. Yet, both approaches appear to be underutilized. A detailed description of collaborative sustainability planning may encourage the use of these two impactful strategies. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the collaborative sustainability planning process for a single outcome measure in three rehabilitation sites...

The dynamics and drivers of inter-species interactions in the wild are poorly understood, particularly those involving social animal species. Inter-species interactions between cetaceans and sirenians have rarely been documented and investigated. Here, we report 10 cases of interaction initiated by adult bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) towards Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus). Interactions were documented through behavioral observations in the wild (n = 7) and from the examination of orphaned calves (i...

OBJECTIVE: The economic burden of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on individuals, their families and society as a whole is poorly understood. Accurate figures are crucial for economic estimates and service planning. METHODS: The total lifetime individual costs and annual societal costs of ASD in China were estimated with a prevalence-based, gross cost of illness approach and data from multiple sources. The direct medical costs in outpatient and inpatient settings from the electronic health records (EHRs) of hospitals, and direct nonmedical costs from a national survey were included...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the interaction of opiate misuse and marijuana use frequency is associated with behavioral health outcomes. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand seven hundred fifty participants enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems who completed the Pain Survey and had complete opioid use and marijuana use information. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, secondary analysis from a multisite observational cohort...

BACKGROUND: Childhood acute malnutrition continues to be a serious health problem in many low-resource settings in Africa. On pediatric wards in Mozambique, missed opportunities for timely diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition may lead to poor health outcomes. To improve inpatient nutritional care, a quality improvement (QI) project was implemented that aimed to engage pediatric nurses in inpatient malnutrition diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: In 2 Mozambican referral hospitals, for 6 months, the Plan-Do-Study-Act framework for QI was implemented to identify key drivers of the following measures: having complete anthropometric evaluation documented at admission, 3 or more weight measurements per hospitalization week, documentation of nutritional therapy for eligible patients, and documentation of referral for outpatient nutritional rehabilitation after discharge...

The present study provides indications and underlying drivers of wave-induced transport and retention potential of microplastic particles (MP) in marine vegetation canopies having different densities. The anthropogenic occurrence of MP in coastal waters is well documented in the recent literature. It is acknowledged that coastal vegetation can serve as a sink for MP due to its energy dissipating features, which can mimic a novel ecosystem service. While the transport behavior of MP in vegetation has previously been investigated to some extent for stationary flow conditions, fundamental investigations for unsteady surf zone flow conditions under irregular waves are still lacking...

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly associated with cachexia and weight loss, which is driven by the tumour's effect on the body. Data are lacking on differences in these metrics based on PDAC anatomic location. We hypothesize that the primary tumour's anatomic region influences the prevalence and severity of unintentional weight loss. METHODS: Treatment naïve patients with PDAC who underwent pancreatectomy at a single institution between 2012 and 2020 were identified retrospectively...

BACKGROUND: The heuristic potential of work activity-focused territory analyses has yet to be explored in depth. Instead of viewing territories as a product of their actors, the prevailing approaches rely on statistical indicators to view them "from above". OBJECTIVE: To understand how work activity acts upon a territory and transforms it and discuss what the main indicators used to characterize territories reveal and conceal. METHODS: Case studies led on two territories, each in a different industry...

BACKGROUND/CONTEXT: In recent years, the incidence of spinal epidural abscesses (SEA) has tripled in number and nonoperative management has risen in popularity. While there has been a shift towards reserving surgical intervention for patients with focal neurologic deficits, a third of patients will still fail medical management and require surgical intervention. Failure to understand long-term quality of life and functional outcomes hinders effective decision making and prognostication...

Driving fatigue is a common experience for most drivers and can reduce human cognition and judgment abilities. Previous studies have exhibited a phenomenon of the non-monotonically varying indicators (both behavioral and neurophysiological) for driving fatigue evaluation but paid little attention to this phenomenon. Herein, we propose a hypothesis that the non-monotonically varying phenomenon is caused by the self-regulation of brain activity, which is defined as the fatigue self-regulation (FSR) phenomenon...

Drowsy driving is one of the primary causes of driving fatalities. Electroencephalography (EEG), a method for detecting drowsiness directly from brain activity, has been widely used for detecting driver drowsiness in real-time. Recent studies have revealed the great potential of using brain connectivity graphs constructed based on EEG data for drowsy state predictions. However, traditional brain connectivity networks are irrelevant to the downstream prediction tasks. This article proposes a connectivity-aware graph neural network (CAGNN) using a self-attention mechanism that can generate task-relevant connectivity networks via end-to-end training...

BACKGROUND: The tunnel section is a complex traffic scenario and an accident prone area. There are differences in the performance of different driving groups in tunnel environments, which may have an impact on traffic safety. OBJECTIVE: To study the differences in the impact of tunnel environment on professional and non-professional drivers. METHODS: Based on the vehicle experimental data, the electroencephalography (EEG) power was compared for professional and non-professional drivers...

BACKGROUND: Numerous systems for detecting driver drowsiness have been developed; however, these systems have not yet been widely used in real-time. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate at the feasibility of detecting alert and drowsy states in drivers using an integration of features from respiratory signals, vehicle lateral position, and reaction time and out-of-vehicle ways of data collection in order to improve the system's performance and applicability in the real world...