GXP

Background: We sought to investigate the relationship between tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes and its predictors in the KwaMashu region in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). This area is currently a hotbed for TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. Method: A retrospective study design was adopted to characterise adult patients diagnosed with Gene Expert (GXP) positive pulmonary TB from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2017. Tuberculosis treatment outcomes were assessed after two months and five months according to the standard World Health Organization (WHO) criteria...

In the majority of cancers, pathogenic variants are only found at the level of the tumor; however, an unusual number of cancers and/or diagnoses at an early age in a single family may suggest a genetic predisposition. Predisposition plays a major role in about 5-10% of adult cancers and in certain childhood tumors. As access to genomic testing for cancer patients continues to expand, the identification of potential germline pathogenic variants (PGPVs) through tumor-DNA sequencing is also increasing. Statistical methods have been developed to infer the presence of a PGPV without the need of a matched normal sample...

Rotavirus infection is a dilemma for developing countries, including Malaysia. Although commercial rotavirus vaccines are available, these are not included in Malaysia's national immunization program. A scarcity of data about rotavirus genotype distribution could be partially to blame for this policy decision, because there are no data for rotavirus genotype distribution in Malaysia over the past 20 years. From January 2018 to March 2019, we conducted a study to elucidate the rotavirus burden and genotype distribution in the Kota Kinabalu and Kunak districts of the state of Sabah...

Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GLP) were degraded using pectinase, glucoamylase, cellulase, xylanase, and β-dextranase into low-molecular-weight polysaccharides, namely, GPP, GGP, GCP, GXP, and GDP, respectively, and their antioxidant capacities were investigated. The degraded GLP showed higher antioxidant activities than natural GLP, and GDP exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. After the optimization of degradation conditions through single-factor and orthogonal optimization experiments, four polysaccharide fractions (GDP1, GDP2, GDP3, and GDP4) with high antioxidant abilities (hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reduction capacity, and total antioxidant capacity) were obtained...

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and decreased costs of genomic testing are changing the paradigm in precision medicine and continue to fuel innovation. Integration of NGS into clinical drug development has the potential to accelerate clinical trial conduct and ultimately will shape the landscape of clinical care by making it easier to identify patients who would benefit from particular therapy(ies) and to monitor treatment outcomes with less invasive tests. This has led to an increased use of NGS service providers by pharmaceutical sponsors: to screen patients for clinical trials eligibility and for patient stratification, expanded Companion Diagnostic (CDx) development for treatment recommendations and Comprehensive Genomic profiling (CGP)...

Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the major viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genotype diversity of RVAs circulating in children with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand in 2018-2019. A total of 1170 stool specimens were obtained from children admitted to hospitals with diarrhea and screened for RVAs by nested RT-PCR. The RVA genotypes were determined by multiplex-PCR or nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis...

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Gupi Xiaoji Prescription (GXP) on hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related liver cancer through network pharmacology coupled with in vitro experiments and explore their related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gupi Xiaoji Prescription's chemical constituents and the action targets of its six medicinal components were identified using several databases. These included the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database （TCMSP), the Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of TCM (BATMAN-TCM), and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID), while GeneCards and OMIM were used to compile relevant liver cancer disease targets...

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BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza is an annual occurrence that leads to large community outbreaks and increased hospitalisation. A number of studies have suggested that influenza A (FLUAV) is associated with increased rates of hospitalisation and mortality compared to influenza B (FLUBV). This study compared demographic and clinical variables in patients diagnosed with FLUAV or FLUBV during the 2017-2018 UK Influenza season. METHODS: Patient demographic and clinical information were obtained by accessing medical records of patients testing FLUAV or FLUBV positive using the Cepheid GXP...

Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV) are widely used for human gene therapy, now the basis for two licensed products (for RPE65-/-, and SMA) and numerous other investigational treatments for a range of diseases including hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy & many neurological disorders. Process development is complex, time consuming & expensive, with scale-up being a major technology challenge for commercialization. While progress has been made to implement clinical vector production (upstream) and purification (downstream) processes at large scale, required for high dose indications, many challenges remain in vector design, manufacturing methodology & product characterization...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of poor semen quality and sub-fertility/infertility is higher in crossbred as compared to Zebu males. Several attempts have been made to understand the possible reasons for higher incidence of fertility problems in crossbred males, at sperm phenotype, proteome and genome level but with variable results. Since the quality of the ejaculated spermatozoa is determined by the testicular environment, assessing the testicular transcriptome between these breeds would help in identifying the possible mechanisms associated with infertility in crossbred bulls...

In this study, we analyzed the behavior of several neglected, ancestral, and domesticated wheat genotypes, including Ae. triuncialis , Ae. neglecta , Ae. caudata , Ae. umbellulata , Ae. tauschii , Ae. speltoides , T. boeoticum , T. urartu , T. durum , and T. aestivum under control and salinity stress to assess the mechanisms involved in salinity tolerance. Physiological and biochemical traits including root/shoot biomasses, root/shoot ion concentrations, activity of antioxidant enzymes APX, SOD, and GXP, and the relative expression of TaHKT1;5 , TaSOS1 , APX , GXP , and MnSOD genes were measured...

There has been increasing evidence in recent years that research in life sciences is lacking in reproducibility and data quality. This raises the need for effective systems to improve data integrity in the evolving non-GxP research environment. This chapter describes the critical elements that need to be considered to ensure a successful implementation of research quality standards in both industry and academia. The quality standard proposed is founded on data integrity principles and good research practices and contains basic quality system elements, which are common to most laboratories...

BACKGROUND: The Cepheid® GeneXpert® (GXP) can simultaneously test for norovirus (NV), Clostridium difficile (CD), influenza A/B (IFA/B) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). AIM: To compare centralized multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with localized GXP testing at a district general hospital. METHODS: From December 2017 to December 2018, samples received at Whipps Cross University Hospital (WCUH) were first tested at the local laboratory before transport centrally to the Royal London Hospital (RLH)...

Objectives: Spinach is one of the most nutrient dense and popular green leafy vegetables. Known as a rich source of pro-vitamin A carotenoids and chlorophylls, the variation in content of these bioactives has been associated with differences in genetics, environment and processing. However, beyond processing, factors affecting their bioavailability remain relatively unknown. Establishing the presence of diversity in bioaccessibility, a phenotypical surrogate for bioavailability, of phytochemicals from public germplasm collections and commercial cultivars would provide critical information to breeders seeking to improve the nutritional value of the material used in their programs...

A high prevalence of G12 rotavirus strains has previously been reported in southern Mozambique. In this study, the full genomes of five Mozambican G12 strains were determined directly from stool using an Illumina Miseq platform. One sample (0060) contained an intergenogroup co-infection of a G12P[8] Wa-like strain and a GXP[14] DS-1-like strain. The sequences of seven genome segments, detected for the GXP[14] strain, clustered with a diverse group of mostly animal strains, suggesting co-infection with a strain of possible animal origin...

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a key player in the initiation of cap-dependent translation through recognition of the m7 GpppX cap at the 5' terminus of coding mRNAs. As eIF4E overexpression has been observed in a number of human diseases, most notably cancer, targeting this oncogenic translation initiation factor has emerged as a promising strategy for the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Toward this end, in the present study, we have rationally designed a series of Bn7 GxP-based PROTACs for the targeted degradation of eIF4E...

Tremendous effort and knowledge have elucidated a new era of 'cellular therapy,' also called "live" or "living" drugs. There are currently thousands of active clinical trials that are ongoing, seeking hope for incurable conditions thanks to the increased accessibility and reliability of gene editing and cellular reprogramming. Accomplishments in various adoptive T cell immunotherapies and chimeric antigen receptor (CART) T cell therapies oriented researchers to the field. Cellular therapies are believed to be the next generation of curative therapeutics in many ways, the classification and nomenclature for these applications have not yet reached a consensus...

The immune signalling genes during the challenge of bovine macrophages with bacterial products derived from tuberculosis causing bacteria in cattle were investigated in the present study. An in-vitro cell culture model of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages were challenged to Mycobacterium bovis. Macrophages from healthy and already infected animals can both be fully activated during M. bovis infection. Analysis of mRNA abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from M. bovis infected and non-infected cattle were performed as a controls...

Due to their high biological complexity, e.g., their close cell-to-cell contacts, cryopreservation of human pluripotent stem cells with standard slow-rate protocols often is inefficient and can hardly be standardized. Vitrification that means ultrafast freezing already showed very good viability and recovery rates for this sensitive cell system, but is only applicable for low cell numbers, bears a high risk of contamination, and can hardly be implemented under GxP regulations. In this chapter, a sterile plate-based vitrification method for adherent pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives is presented based on a procedure and device for human embryonic stem cells developed by Beier et al...