Esat

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of hydronephrosis on operation success and the development of complications in supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). METHODS: A total 259 patients were included in the study who underwent supine PCNL in our clinic between September 2019 and November 2023. The patients were divided into four groups: normal, mild, moderate and severe, according to their preoperative hydronephrosis degrees. Demographic data, kidney stone characteristics, clinical aspects, surgical findings, and postoperative complications were compared across groups...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the expression of CD27- CD38+ in interferon (IFN)-γ+ CD4+ T cells stimulated by the specific antigen early secreted antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6)/culture filter protein-10 (CFP-10) could be a potential new therapeutic evaluation indicator for anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment. METHODS: Newly diagnosed active pulmonary TB patients, latent TB infection (LTBI) and healthy controls were enrolled from January 2021 to December 2021...

BACKGROUND: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic disease that results from infection with any member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Infected animals are typically diagnosed with tuberculin-based intradermal skin tests according to World Organization of Animal Health which are presently in use. However, tuberculin is not suitable for use in BCG-vaccinated animals due to a high rate of false-positive reactions. Peptide-based defined skin test (DST) antigens have been identified using antigens (ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Rv3615c) which are absent from BCG, but their performance in buffaloes remains unknown...

This study focuses on the comparative metabolic profiling and effects of two steroid types: natural and synthetic, specifically 17α-methyl testosterone (17α-MT) at varying concentrations (1.5, 2, and 3 mg/kg) in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Over a 75-day feeding trial, growth metrics such as feed efficiency, daily specific growth, live weight gain, total weight gain, and survival rate were systematically monitored every 15 days. At the end of the feeding trial, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and metabolome analyses were performed in the high-concentration groups (3 mg/kg natural and 3 mg/kg synthetic), in which the lowest survival rate was determined...

PURPOSE: Clinical translation of FLASH-radiotherapy (RT) to deep-seated tumours is still a technological challenge. One solution consists of using ultra-high dose rate transmission proton (TP) beams of about 200-250MeV to irradiate the tumour with the flat entrance of the proton depth-dose profile. This work evaluates the dosimetric performance of very high-energy electron (VHEE)-based RT (50-250MeV) as a potential alternative to TP-based RT for the clinical transfer of the FLASH effect...

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), which is caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a single health concern, which causes economic losses, is a sanitary barrier and is a zoonotic concern. The golden-pattern intradermic tests have low sensitivity of about 50%. To fix this sensitivity problem, immunoassays could be a powerful tool. However, few studies produced antigens for bTB immunoassays, which needs improvements. Aim of this study was to produce multiepitope chimeric antigens (MCA) to use for bTB diagnosis. To achieve MCA design and development, extensive bibliographic search, antigenic epitope prediction, specificity, hydrophobicity, and 3D structure modeling analyses were performed, as well as cloning, expression and purification...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Prediction of adsorption via Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) can save the cost and time in practical applications. Chromium (VI) adsorption data obtained at different temperature, activated carbon dosage and pH values were evaluated by using MATLAB ANFIS. In order to achieve prediction of adsorption via ANFIS with acceptable error values, optimum membership function (MF) and optimum number of MF were determined by using Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) method. In order to determine the optimum number of MF for each input, all combinations given in BBD matrix were examined via ANFIS, then, regression models for each MFs were developed between the root mean square error (RMSE) and MF numbers of each input...

Research dedicated to diagnostic reagents and vaccine development for tuberculosis (TB) is challenging due to the paucity of immunodominant antigens that can predict disease risk and exhibit protective potential. Therefore, it is crucial to identify T-cell epitope-based Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigens characterized by specific and prominent recognition by the immune system. In this study, we constructed a T-cell epitope-rich tripeptide-splicing fragment (nucleotide positions 131-194, 334-377, and 579-643) of Rv2201 (also known as the 72 kDa AsnB)from the MTB genome, ultimately yielding the recombinant protein Rv2201-519 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)...

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings are often contaminated by interference that can exceed the amplitude of physiological brain activity by several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the activity of interference sources may spatially extend (known as source leakage) into the activity of brain signals of interest, resulting in source estimation inaccuracies. This problem is particularly apparent when using MEG to interrogate the effects of brain stimulation on large-scale cortical networks. In this technical report, we develop a novel denoising approach for suppressing the leakage of interference source activity into the activity representing a brain region of interest...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: Although major depressive disorder (MDD) constitutes a significant part of mental health problems, its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. The inadequacy of diagnostic tests specific to MDD causes difficulty in diagnosis. Therefore, we investigated the situation of thiol/disulfide imbalance, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, in MDD patients. METHODS: Forty-five MDD patients and 40 non-patient volunteers participated in our study...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ) effectively manipulates the host processes to establish the deadly respiratory disease, Tuberculosis (TB). M.tb has developed key mechanisms to disrupt the host cell health to combat immune responses and replicate efficaciously. M.tb antigens such as ESAT-6, 19kDa lipoprotein, Hip1, and Hsp70 destroy the integrity of cell organelles (Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Nucleus, Phagosomes) or delay innate/adaptive cell responses. This is followed by the induction of cellular stress responses in the host...

There is a clinical need for differential diagnosis of the latent versus active stages of tuberculosis (TB) disease by a simple-to-administer test. Alpha-crystallin (Acr) and early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) are protein biomarkers associated with the latent and active stages of TB, respectively, and could be used for differential diagnosis. We therefore developed a microneedle patch (MNP) designed for application to the skin to quantify Acr and ESAT-6 in dermal interstitial fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)...

Mycobacterium microti is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that seldom causes disease in livestock and humans. This study evaluated the effects on immunodiagnosis and the pathological findings in goats after experimental exposure by different routes and doses to M. microti. In a first experiment goats were challenged orally (PO, n = 7) or intranasally (IN, n = 7) with 104 CFU. In a second experiment, the endobronchial route was assessed, with a low dose of 102 CFU (EB-LD, n = 7) and a high dose of 105 CFU (EB-HD, n = 7) as well as the subcutaneous route (SC, n = 5)...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this multi-centre, real-world study was to examine the potential influence of comprehensive molecular profiling on the development of treatment decisions or adjustments for patients with advanced solid malignancies. We then evaluated the impact of these informed choices on patient treatment outcomes. METHODS: The study encompassed 234 adult patients (mean age: 52.7 ± 14.3 years, 54.7% women) who were diagnosed with solid tumours at 21 different medical centres in Turkey...

The mycobacterial cell envelope is a major virulence determinant in pathogenic mycobacteria. Specific outer lipids play roles in pathogenesis, modulating the immune system and promoting the secretion of virulence factors. ESX-1 (ESAT-6 system-1) is a conserved protein secretion system required for mycobacterial pathogenesis (1, 2). Previous studies revealed that mycobacterial strains lacking the outer lipid PDIM have impaired ESX-1 function during laboratory growth and infection (3-5). The mechanisms underlying changes in ESX-1 function are unknown...

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) persistently kills nearly 1.5 million lives per year in the world, whereas the only licensed TB vaccine BCG exhibits unsatisfactory efficacy in adults. Taking BCG as a vehicle to express Mtb antigens is a promising way to enhance its efficacy against Mtb infection. In this study, the immune efficacy of recombination BCG (rBCG-ECD003) expressing specific antigens ESAT-6, CFP-10, and nDnaK was evaluated at different time points after immunizing BALB/c mice...

Background The COVID-19 infection has spread rapidly since its emergence and has affected a large part of the global population. With the increasing number of cases, researchers are trying to predict the prognosis of patients by using different data with artificial intelligence methods such as machine learning (ML). In this study, we aimed to predict mortality risk in COVID-19 patients using ML algorithms with different datasets. Methodology In this retrospective study, we evaluated the fever, oxygen saturation, laboratory results, thorax computed tomography (CT) findings, and comorbid diseases at admission to the hospital of 404 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test...

Early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa protein (ESAT-6) is the major virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), which can resist the clearance of MTB in bodies by inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis and autophagy reaction, thus impeding the immune defense function of the body against MTB infection. In addition, ESAT-6-induced apoptosis of macrophage and massive necrosis of innate immune cells can foster MTB proliferation and colonization, leading to systemic MTB infection. Moreover, ESAT-6 hampers the protective immune response of Th1 cells, reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and contributing to immune dysfunction, thus accelerating the course of MTB infection...