Diabetes type1

PURPOSE: To examine the cerebro-placental-uterine ratio (CPUR) in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes and determine its role in predicting adverse prenatal outcomes. METHODS: This prospective, cohort study conducted at a tertiary hospital included 65 patients with pregestational diabetes (25 with type1 diabetes, 40 with type2 diabetes) and 130 low-risk patients in the control group. The cerebroplacental (CPR) ratio and the CPUR were calculated. Composite adverse perinatal outcome (CAPO) is defined as the presence of any of the following: (1) Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, (2) Apgar at 5 min <7, and (3) umbilical cord arterial pH <7...

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterised metabolic dysfunction that results in elevated glucose level in the bloodstream. Diabetes is of two types, type1 and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is considered as one of the major reasons intended for incidence of diabetes hence it turns out to be essential to study about the adipose tissue which is responsible for fat storage in body. Adipose tissues play significant role in maintaining the balance between energy stabilization and homeostasis. The three forms of adipose tissue are - White adipose tissue (WAT), Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and Beige adipose tissue (intermediate form)...

Introduction Diabetes is a chronic disease that causes dysregulation of blood glucose. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) could result in long-term inflammatory conditions that affect different organs of the body. Despite the availability of diagnostic markers like glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for T2DM, it is essential to find an appropriate marker that could predict long-term complications. This study evaluates the potential role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting disease progression and treatment responses...

PURPOSE: Type 1 diabetes influences adolescents' health status and therapeutic management. Adaptation for adolescents with type 1 diabetes is considered a significant issue for this cohort group and is based on many factors, including availability of resources, and family and community support. Thus, this study aimed to explore Palestinian adolescents' experiences of adaptation to type 1 diabetes in the West Bank. DESIGN AND METHODS: A qualitative grounded theory approach was adopted...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is caused by insufficient insulin release from the pancreatic β-cells (Type1 DM) and insulin sensitivity in muscles, liver, and adipose tissues (Type2 DM). Insulin injection treats DM patients but leads to hypoglycemia as a side effect. Cortisol and catecholamines are released to activate glucose production from the liver to recover hypoglycemia, called counter-regulatory responses (CRR). In DM research using rodent models, glucose tolerance tests and 2-deoxy-glucose injection are used to measure insulin release and CRR, respectively...

Helminthic parasites modulate the host immune system to ensure a long-lasting asymptomatic form of infection generally, mediated by the secretion of immunomodulatory molecules and one such molecule is a homologue of human host cytokine, Macrophage migratory Inhibitory Factor (hMIF). In this study, we sought to understand the role of homologue of hMIF from the lymphatic filarial parasite, Wuchereria bancrofti (Wba-MIF2), in the immunomodulation of the Streptozotocin-induced Type1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) animal model...

PURPOSE: The acquisition of osseointegration during implant therapy is slower and poorer in patients with diabetes compared with healthy persons. The serum concentration of adiponectin in patients with type II diabetes is lower than that of healthy persons via the suppression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Therefore, we hypothesized that the AMPK activation enhances bone formation around implants, resulting in the improved acquisition of osseointegration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of AMPK activation on osteoblast differentiation and its mechanism of downstream signaling on titanium disc (Ti)...

AIMS: Gluten-free diets (GFD) were considered as high glycemic index and/or high content of saturated fats; this could affect keeping good metabolic control in individuals with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD). Our objective was to analyze time in range and other continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics with real-time CGM systems, in youths with T1D and CD, compared to those with T1D only. METHODS: an observational case-control study, comparing youths aged 8-18 years with T1D and CD, with people with T1D only was performed...

The closed-loop insulin therapy system has become an indispensable tool in the management of type 1 diabetes. This technological feat improves glycemic control while reducing the mental burden on patients. In an exploratory study, we sought to determine whether older patients, who may be less familiar with new technologies, derive the same benefits as others. Is a lack of digital skills an obstacle to improving patients' daily lives?

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type1(CLN1), is a one form of the group of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), which is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive psychomotor deterioration, ataxia, epilepsy, and visual impairment. Neurological manifestations occur at a wide range of ages, from infancy to adulthood, but are most common in infancy. The prevalence of CLN1 is unclear; however, it is very rare in Japan and Europe. In Japan, only a few cases have been reported, two of infantile- and one of juvenile-onset type...

BACKGROUND: Accumulating observational studies have identified associations between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Still, the evidence about the causal effect of this association is uncertain. METHODS: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test for the causal association between T1D and PCOS using data from a large-scale biopsy-confirmed genome-wide association study (GWAS) in European ancestries. We innovatively divided T1D into nine subgroups to be analyzed separately, including: type1 diabetes wide definition, type1 diabetes early onset, type 1 diabetes with coma, type 1 diabetes with ketoacidosis, type 1 diabetes with neurological complications, type 1 diabetes with ophthalmic complications, type 1 diabetes with peripheral circulatory complications, type 1 diabetes with renal complications, and type 1 diabetes with other specified/multiple/unspecified complications...

The worldwide prevalence of diabetes, an endocrine condition, is rising quickly. The alarming rise of diabetes in recent years has emerged as a major contributor to premature death and illness among persons of working age. The potential use of immunomodulatory drugs to prevent diabetes has been a source of worry in light of recent advances in our understanding of the role of autoimmune responses in the development of diabetes. Vaccines can work in a variety of ways, including by eliminating autoreactive T-cells or by blocking the connections between immune cells...

AIMS: This review aims to introduce research in the pancreas to a broader audience. The pancreas is a heterocrine gland residing deep within our abdominal cavity. It is the home to our islets, which play a pivotal role in regulating metabolic homeostasis. Due to its structure and location, it is an impossible organ to study, in molecular detail, in living humans, and yet, understanding the pancreas is critical if we aim to characterise the immunopathology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and one day prevent the triggering of the autoimmune attack associated with ß-cell demise...

Previously, the RXR agonist UAB126 demonstrated therapeutic potential to treat obese mice by controlling blood glucose levels (BGL) and altering the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and inflammatory response. The purpose of the study was to assess UAB126 effect in progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rodent models of Type1 diabetes (T1D), streptozotocin-induced, and Type2 diabetes (T2D), the db/db mice. UAB126 treatment was delivered either by oral gavage for 6 weeks or by topical application of eye drops for 2 weeks...

AIMS: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce mortality/morbidity in heart failure (HF). We explored the implementation of SGLT2i over time, and patient characteristics associated with their use, in a large, nationwide population with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with HFrEF (ejection fraction <40%), no type 1 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <20 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or on dialysis, registered in the Swedish HF Registry between 1 November 2020 and 5 August 2022 were included...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The DaR Global survey was conducted to observe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the intentions to fast and the outcomes of fasting in people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: Muslim people with diabetes and CKD were surveyed in 13 countries shortly after the end of Ramadan 2020, using a simple Survey Monkey questionnaire. RESULTS: This survey recruited 6736 people with diabetes, of which 707 (10...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have increasingly been the mainstay of treatment for numerous malignancies. However, due to their association with autoimmunity, ICIs have resulted in a variety of side effects that involve multiple organs including the endocrine system. In this review article, we describe our current understanding of the autoimmune endocrinopathies as a result of the use of ICIs. We will review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of the most commonly encountered endocrinopathies, including thyroiditis, hypophysitis, Type 1 diabetes, adrenalitis, and central diabetes insipidus...

Diabetes may impact physical and psychosocial well-being; the diabetes incidence has seen a drastic increase globally. There is also a rise in poor mental health and well-being in children with and without chronic illness; problems are being seen at a younger age. The objective of this review was to understand the determinants of these problems in a family context. We conducted a systematic review to investigate what lifestyle and psychological factors influence children with Type 1 diabetes and their parents...

BACKGROUND: Classically described as a disease of childhood and adolescence, diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) can occur in adulthood. Adult-onset T1DM is poorly documented and is often misdiagnosed. This study aims to describe the epidemiological aspect of T1DM with adult-onset and detail its clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic characteristics. METHODS: A 9-year retrospective longitudinal study (2011-2019) was conducted including adult patients (age >20 years) with confirmed diabetes and at least one of the auto-antibodies (auto-Abs) to glutamic-acid-decarboxylase (GAD), to islet-tyrosine-phosphatase 2 (IA2) or islet-cell-antibodies (ICA) positive...

AIMS: To investigate whether manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can assess functional pancreatic beta-cell mass in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: In a prospective case-control study, 20 people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (10 with low (≥50 pmol/L) and 10 with very low (<50 pmol/L) C-peptide concentrations) and 15 healthy volunteers underwent manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas following an oral glucose load...