Etanercept

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been successfully applied to treat various diseases and shown a promising prospect in medical treatment. MAbs have some unique characteristics comparing with small chemical drugs, and their pharmacokinetic (PK) properties are much more complex than those of small chemical drugs, whose eliminations are usually linear. In this study, a new model was established through taking into account the mechanisms of the elimination of mAbs. The proposed model was applied to the modeling and simulation of two kinds of mAbs, including bevacizumab and etanercept, in PK studies of healthy volunteers and eligible patients, and the classical linear compartment model was set as control...

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid eye disease (TED) remains a notorious ailment for both patients and the treating ophthalmologists. Recent years have witnessed considerable research in the immunopathogenic mechanism of TED that has resulted in an expansion and modification of the available management options. AIM: Purpose of this review is to summarise the advances in the management of thyroid ophthalmopathy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A thorough literature search and of the past 10 years web search with words Thyroid ophthalmopathy, recent, advances...

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are potential renal therapeutics. Clinically, results are mixed partly because MSC tropism to kidneys is minimal following infusion. Ultrasound augmentation of the renal microenvironment is becoming increasingly-important in renal MSC therapies. We demonstrated pulsed-focused-ultrasound (pFUS) increases enhanced homing permeability and retention of MSC in mouse kidneys. Here, we characterized the temporal proteomic response to pFUS in mouse kidneys and its association with MSC tropism...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the real-world, 5-year clinical and cost impact of maintaining treatment with the tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (anti-TNFs) adalimumab, etanercept, or infliximab vs dose tapering or withdrawal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who have achieved remission (defined as a 28-joint count Disease Activity Score [DAS28] < 2.6) or low disease activity (LDA; DAS28 < 3.2). METHODS: Using a 5-year Markov model with 1-month cycle length, we examined the clinical and cost impact of three treatment strategies: withdrawal, tapering, or maintenance of anti-TNFs among RA patients in remission or who have achieved LDA...

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitors have long been used as disease-modifying agents in immune disorders. Recently, research has shown a role of chronic neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, and interest has been generated in the use of anti-TNF agents and TNF-modulating agents for prevention and treatment. This article extensively reviewed literature on animal studies testing these agents. The results showed a role for direct and indirect TNF-α inhibition through agents such as thalidomide, 3,6-dithiothalidomide, etanercept, infliximab, exendin-4, sodium hydrosulfide, minocycline, imipramine, and atorvastatin...

The aim of this study was to assess sensitivity and responsiveness of power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) in detecting enthesitis for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients compared to clinical examinations. Twenty AS patients initiating etanerceptunderwent clinical and PDUS examinations of six bilateral entheseal sites at baseline and after 1, 2 and 3 months of treatment. Clinical and PDUS examinations identified at least one entheseal lesion in nine (45%) and 19 (95%) patients, respectively. Furthermore, of 240 entheseal sites examined in these 20 patients, PDUS detected 123 entheseal lesions (51...

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis is thought to induce conductive hearing loss and/or sensorineural hearing loss. This study evaluated the function of the middle ear and cochlea, and the related factors. METHODS: Pure tone audiometry, speech reception thresholds, speech discrimination scores, tympanometry, acoustic reflexes, and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were assessed in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Pure tone audiometry results revealed a higher bone conduction threshold in the rheumatoid arthritis group, but there was no significant difference when evaluated according to the sensorineural hearing loss definition...

OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in use of systemic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) among patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the U.S. METHODS: Using claims data (2004-2015) from a large U.S. commercial healthplan, we identified patients with PsA who initiated DMARDs. We examined baseline patient characteristics and initial treatment patterns. We then assessed changes in the DMARD regimen over the 12-month period after the 1(st) DMARD initiation date...

OBJECTIVES: SB4 (Benepali, Brenzys) is a biosimilar of reference etanercept (ETN). In a randomised, double-blind, 52-week study, SB4 demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety to ETN in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The open-label extension period evaluated long-term efficacy, safety and immunogenicity when continuing SB4 versus switching from ETN to SB4. METHODS: In the randomised, double-blind phase, patients received weekly subcutaneous administration of 50 mg SB4 or ETN with background methotrexate for up to 52 weeks...

BACKGROUND: Ixekizumab is a high-affinity monoclonal antibody that selectively targets interleukin-17A. OBJECTIVE: Examine the efficacy of ixekizumab in clearing psoriasis within different body regions. METHODS: Data from 3 placebo- (PBO) or PBO- and etanercept (ETN)-controlled trials were integrated. Patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis were randomized to 12 weeks of PBO (UNCOVER-1, -2, -3, N = 792; UNCOVER-2, -3, N = 361), 50 mg ETN twice weekly (N = 740), or 80 mg ixekizumab every 2 (IXE Q2W; N = 1169; N = 736) or 4 weeks (IXE Q4W; N = 1165; N = 733) after a 160-mg starting dose...

AIM: Comparing biologic persistence and healthcare costs between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients initiating first- or second-line subcutaneous abatacept, adalimumab, or etanercept. MATERIALS & METHODS: Retrospective, observational cohort study, which included adults with RA who initiated either of the three treatments between 29 July 2011 and 1 July 2015. Total healthcare costs were measured during baseline and follow-up. Biologic persistence was compared using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression...

BACKGROUND: Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, including tumor necrosis factor inhibitors such as etanercept (Enbrel(®)), have improved outcomes for patients with rheumatic and other inflammatory diseases, with sustained remission being the optimal goal for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Flexible and convenient treatment options, compatible with modern lifestyle, are important in helping patients maintain treatment and manage their disease. Etanercept drug product (DP) is available in lyophilized powder (Lyo) for solution injection, prefilled syringe, and prefilled pen presentations and is typically stored under refrigerated conditions...

Etanercept might be promising to alleviate sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation and spinal stenosis. However, the results remained controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of etanercept in patients with sciatica. PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and Controlled clinical trials (CCT) assessing the efficacy of etanercept on sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation and spinal stenosis were included...

Jaccoud's arthropathy (JA) is a chronic, non erosive, rheumatoid-like deformity associated with rheumatic fever (RF) and systemic lupus erythematosus and with other diseases such as psoriatic arthritis, connective tissue diseases, hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis, infections, sarcoidosis and neoplasia. We described a case of JA in a patient with cutaneous psoriasis but with a particular disease evolution associated with idiopathic retropritoneal fibrosis (IRF), evaluated with computed tomography, magnetic resonance and 18F-FDG PET/ CT...

BACKGROUND: Patient-reported outcomes in psoriasis studies are assessed at specific study time points. If a treatment has not become effective by a certain time point, it may increase the likelihood of patients being dissatisfied and leaving a clinical study. OBJECTIVES: Generate evidence concerning the number of patients dropping out of etanercept trials over time including PASI and DLQI data. METHODS: Data from psoriasis patients in ten trials with etanercept were pooled...

INTRODUCTION: Effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may lead to lower overall and RA-related healthcare utilization. We evaluated healthcare utilization before and after initiation of the tumor necrosis factor inhibitor etanercept in patients with moderate to severe RA. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from the MarketScan(®) claims database. Data from adult patients with RA newly exposed to etanercept between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2013 were analyzed...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevention of knee joint destruction and clinical efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) plus etanercept (ETN) compared with MTX monotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by using semi-automated software for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study enrolled patients with active moderate-to-severe RA who displayed an inadequate response to oral MTX at screening. Patients were assigned to receive either MTX plus ETN or MTX monotherapy (≥10 mg/week)...

PURPOSE: Objectives were to quantify prevalence estimates of pregnancy and infant outcomes including major congenital malformations (MCMs) by etanercept (ETN) exposure among infants born to women with chronic inflammatory arthritis (cIA) or psoriasis (PsO). METHODS: Claims-based data delineated pregnancy exposures and outcomes of live or nonlive births among women with cIA and PsO (ETN exposed, unexposed) and general population (GP) comparators. Infant outcomes were determined for live-born infants covered by the mother's insurer...

Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is a complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that typically occurs within the first 100 days after transplantation. Tumor necrosis alpha-α (TNF-α) has been shown to be a key mediator of IPS, and the TNF-α binding protein, etanercept, appears to improve IPS outcomes in small retrospective and prospective studies. IPS has also been observed to occur later (>100 days) after HSCT; however, little is known about the disease course and whether a TNF-α-based therapeutic strategy is efficacious in these patients...

Approximately 30% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) take them as monotherapy. Although etanercept (ETN) monotherapy has been evaluated in clinical trials, data in the real-world setting are sparse. We compared the efficacy and safety of ETN, given alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX), in routine clinical practice. This was a subanalysis of patients who received either ETN alone or ETN + MTX during a 52-week prospective, observational study conducted at 329 German centers...