Optos

Gallium Nitride (GaN), as the representative of wide bandgap semiconductors, has great prospects in accomplishing rapid charge delivery under high-temperature environments thanks to excellent structural stability and electron mobility. However, there is still a gap in wafer-scale GaN single-crystal integrated electrodes applied in the energy storage field. Herein, Si-doped GaN nanochannel with gallium oxynitride (GaON) layer on a centimeter scale (denoted by GaN NC) is reported. The Si atoms modulate electronic redistribution to improve conductivity and drive nanochannel formation...

Cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons (CCKIs) are hypothesized to shape pyramidal cell-firing patterns and regulate network oscillations and related network state transitions. To directly probe their role in the CA1 region, we silenced their activity using optogenetic and chemogenetic tools in mice. Opto-tagged CCKIs revealed a heterogeneous population, and their optogenetic silencing triggered wide disinhibitory network changes affecting both pyramidal cells and other interneurons. CCKI silencing enhanced pyramidal cell burst firing and altered the temporal coding of place cells: theta phase precession was disrupted, whereas sequence reactivation was enhanced...

Two-dimensional conductive metal-organic frameworks have emerged as promising electronic materials for applications in (opto)electronic, thermoelectric, magnetic, electrocatalytic, and energy storage devices. Many bottom-up or postsynthetic protocols have been developed to isolate these materials or further modulate their electronic properties. However, some methodologies commonly used in classic semiconductors, notably, aliovalent substitution, are conspicuously absent. Here, we demonstrate how aliovalent Fe(III) to Ni(II) substitution enables the isolation of a Ni bis(dithiolene) material from a previously reported Fe analogue...

Atomically precise nanoclusters hold promise for supramolecular assembly and (opto)electronic- as well as magnetic materials. Herein, this work reports that treating palladium(0) precursors with a triphosphirane affords strongly colored Pd8 (PDip)6 that is fully characterized by mass spectrometry, heteronuclear and Cross-Polarization Magic-Angle Spinning (CP-MAS) NMR-, infrared (IR), UV-vis, and X-ray photoelectron (XP) spectroscopies, single-crystal X-Ray diffraction (sc-XRD), mass spectrometry, and cyclovoltammetry (CV)...

Two-dimensional materials possess a large number of interesting and important properties. Various methods have been developed to assemble two-dimensional aggregates. Assembly of colloidal particles can be achieved with laser-heating-induced thermal convective flow. In this paper, an opto-hydrodynamic binding method is proposed to assemble colloidal particles dispersed in a solution into multilayer structures. First, we use polystyrene (PS) microspheres to study the feasibility and characteristics of the assembly method...

INTRODUCTION: Corneal characteristics are unique to each eye and can vary among different levels of refractive errors. However, minimal data are available in the literature on corneal characteristics in myopic Malay school children including the difference between the low myopic group and the moderate myopic group. Therefore, this study aims to determine the corneal characteristics of myopic Malay school children and their associations with axial length. METHODS: A total of eighty-four data samples were extracted from forty-two myopic Malay school children...

Evolving technology advancements has accelerated the pursuit of transparent conducting thin films (TCF) with superior mechanical properties, durability, efficient opto-electrical performance and substrate compatibility as a pivotal focus in the realm of flexible transparent electronics. With this concern, this work delves the fabrication of multilayer silver nanowire (AgNW) thin films reinforced by zinc tin oxide (ZTO) thin film encapsulation on polycarbonate substrates by the combination of sputtering and spin-coating techniques...

Cathodoluminescence (CL) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) have been applied to exactly the same grain boundaries (GBs) in a Cu(In,Ga)S2solar absorber in order to investigate the influence of microstructure on the radiative recombination behaviour at the GBs. Two different types of GB with different microstructure were analysed in detail: random high angle grain boundaries (RHAGBs) and Σ3 GBs. We found that the radiative recombination at all RHAGBs was inhibited to some extent, whereas at Σ3 GBs three different observations were made: unchanged, hindered, or promoted radiative recombination...

Persistence reinforces continuous action, which benefits animals in many aspects. Diverse information may trigger animals to start a persistent movement. However, it is unclear how the brain decides to persist with current actions by selecting specific information. Using single-unit extracellular recordings and opto-tagging in awake mice, we demonstrated that a group of dorsal mPFC (dmPFC) motor cortex projecting (MP) neurons initiate a persistent movement selectively encoding contextual information rather than natural valence...

Nonlinear transport is a unique functionality of noncentrosymmetric systems, which reflects profound physics, such as spin-orbit interaction, superconductivity and band geometry. However, it remains highly challenging to enhance the nonreciprocal transport for promising rectification devices. Here, we observe a light-induced giant enhancement of nonreciprocal transport at the superconducting and epitaxial CaZrO3 /KTaO3 (111) interfaces. The nonreciprocal transport coefficient undergoes a giant increase with three orders of magnitude up to 105  A-1 T-1 ...

Phospholipase C (PLC) is a key enzyme that regulates physiological processes via lipid and calcium signaling. Despite advances in protein engineering, no tools are available for direct PLC control. Here, we developed a novel optogenetic tool, light-controlled PLCβ (opto-PLCβ). Opto-PLCβ uses a light-induced dimer module, which directs an engineered PLC to the plasma membrane in a light-dependent manner. Our design includes an autoinhibitory capacity, ensuring stringent control over PLC activity...

This paper proposes what we believe to be a novel linearization signal conditioning circuit for a tri-axial micro-grating micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS) accelerometer. The output of a micro-grating accelerometer varies as a sine/cosine function of the acceleration. The proposed circuit utilizes a subdivision interpolation technique to process these nonlinear intensity variations and render a linear digital output across the full range. Such a linearization circuit was achieved through a 90-degree phase-shift circuit, high-precision DC bias-voltage and subdivision interpolation circuits to reduce the influence of phase, magnitude, and offset errors of the sine-cosine signals on the interpolation factor, improving the resolution and accuracy of acceleration detection...

Fully considering the mechanical and photoelastic anisotropies of monocrystalline silicon, the impacts of spatial symmetries on the stimulated Brillouin scatterings (SBSs) in nanoscale suspended silicon waveguides are studied theoretically and numerically based on group theory. First, starting from an assumption that the principal material coordinate system can be arbitrarily orientated in a waveguide with fixed geometry, the silicon waveguides are systematically classified into a number of point groups according to their spatial symmetry features...

In this paper, we propose a system for enhancing the RF output power of the photodetector, especially the power of fundamental tune and second-order harmonic, by feeding back part of the RF signal through an electrical feedback circuit. As a result of bias modulation and opto-electric mixing, the RF output power can be effectively enhanced. The structure of uni-traveling carrier photodetector (UTC-PD) is employed in this work. With the RF enhancement system, the power of fundamental tune and second-order harmonic improve by 6...

Water has significantly high absorption around 3 µm wavelength region, originated by its fundamental OH vibrational modes. Here, we successfully demonstrate an opto-thermal manipulation of particles utilizing a 3 µm mid-infrared Er:ZBLAN fiber laser (adjustable from 2700 to 2826 nm) that can efficiently elevate the temperature at a laser focus with a low laser power. The 3 µm laser indeed accelerates the formation of the particle assembly by simply irradiating the laser into water...

In laser-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) facilities, nonuniform laser irradiation can cause significant challenges, such as hydrodynamics instability and laser plasma instability, which hinder the success of fusion. This article presents a new idea for improving the uniformity of far-field laser irradiation through a method of single-beam polarization smoothing. The method involves modulating full Poincaré beams using stress-engineered optics made from fused silica. We designed a stress birefringence system and conducted opto-mechanical modeling and analysis on it...

Here, we provide an in-depth consideration of our current understanding of engrams, spanning from molecular to network levels, and hippocampal neurogenesis, in health and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review highlights novel findings in these emerging research fields and future research directions for novel therapeutic avenues for memory failure in dementia. Engrams, memory in AD, and hippocampal neurogenesis have each been extensively studied. The integration of these topics, however, has been relatively less deliberated, and is the focus of this review...

Dopamine and orexins (hypocretins) play important roles in regulating reward-seeking behaviors. It is known that hypothalamic orexinergic neurons project to dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), where they can stimulate dopaminergic neuronal activity. Although there are reciprocal connections between dopaminergic and orexinergic systems, whether and how dopamine regulates the activity of orexin neurons is currently not known. Here we implemented an opto-Pavlovian task in which mice learn to associate a sensory cue with optogenetic dopamine neuron stimulation to investigate the relationship between dopamine release and orexin neuron activity in the lateral hypothalamus (LH)...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a deep learning algorithm, to detect retinal breaks and retinal detachments on ultra-widefield fundus (UWF) optos images using artificial intelligence (AI). METHODS: Optomap UWF images of the database were annotated to four groups by two retina specialists: (1) retinal breaks without detachment, (2) retinal breaks with retinal detachment, (3) retinal detachment without visible retinal breaks, and (4) a combination of groups 1 to 3...

COVID-19 is a viral illness that can cause severe respiratory symptoms. COVID-19 has caused a worldwide pandemic that necessitated many countries to perform a national lockdown. In Jordan, a lockdown was imposed by the government. During the lockdown, the hospitals were only dealing with outpatient emergency cases, urgent referrals from primary or secondary health institutions, and inpatients whose medical conditions required keeping them admitted. Elective clinics and surgeries were canceled. At the King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH), which is the only tertiary center in northern Jordan, we dealt with an unusual case of uncontrolled and advanced primary open angle glaucoma in a 38-year-old pregnant female patient...