uterine cervix

The majority of cervical cancer (CC) cases are attributable to HPV infection. Altered Notch pathway signals and HPV are believed to modify clinicopathogenesis of CC, however, the involvement of each molecular player and its mechanism is still not known. Jagged-1 (JAG1) is one of the ligands that induce Notch pathway. The involvement of JAG1 in the modulation of a disease condition is not very clear. Hence, this study aims to study the role of JAG1 in HPV-16/18 associated different histological sub-types of CC, especially ADC...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate techniques of ureterolysis during complex laparoscopic hysterectomy. DESIGN: Technical video demonstrating different approaches to ureterolysis for complex benign pathology during laparoscopic hysterectomy. (Canadian Task force classification level III) SETTING: Benign gynaecology department at a University Hospital. INTERVENTION: We perform ureterolysis during laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign pathology...

Metastasis of non-gynaecological tumours to the cervix is a rare event, and metastasis from breast cancer is even rarer, with only a limited number of such cases reported in the literature to date. We herein report the case of an 86-year-old female patient who had undergone mastectomy and axillary lymphadenectomy for invasive ductal cell breast carcinoma 2 years prior, followed by adjuvant hormonal therapy with letrozole. During hospitalization for anemia associated with an inflammatory syndrome and abdominal pain with menorrhagia, an abdominal ultrasound examination revealed a suspicious uterine mass with irregular contours and abnormal vascularization with associated increase of the blood level of cancer antigen 15-3 to 34 kU/l...

Cervical cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm in women worldwide. HPV infection is the necessary factor for the cancer to develop. HPV DNA can be integrated into the genome of squamous epithelium and cause transcription of the viral oncoproteins and development of invasive cancer within 15-20 years. We assessed ICC co-expression of p16/Ki-67 proteins in smears collected from the uterine cervix and the association between p16/Ki-67 co-expression and cytologic and histologic results. Samples were collected from 93 women using liquid based cytology (LBC)...

OBJECTIVES: Pharmacological labour induction is obtained through prostaglandins application and/or oxytocin infusion; however the use seems related to foetal and maternal side effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine advocates the use of acupuncture to soften the cervix and induce uterine contractions. The primary outcome was the rate of women submitted to labour induction for prolonged pregnancy at 41+5 weeks, the secondary outcome was the rate of induction planned for other indications...

Locally advanced cancer of the cervix is treated by concurrent chemoradiation followed by brachytherapy. Interstitial brachytherapy is used to treat large tumors with involvement of parametrium, post-hysterectomy, and narrow, conical vagina. The GYN GEC-ESTRO working group described target volume delineation and also 3D image-based planning using MRI and 3D dose-volume parameters for brachytherapy of carcinoma cervix. CT-based as compared to MR-based image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) is much more feasible and practical because MR access is still difficult for most departments...

OBJECTIVE: Hysterectomy via transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has been carried out for benign uterine diseases and nonprolapsed uteri in recent years. Subtotal hysterectomy was performed to remove the uterus with preservation of the cervix by abdominal, laparoscopic, or vaginal routes. The aim of this retrospective study is to gain insight into the feasibility and safety of subtotal hysterectomy through transvaginal NOTES. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is the first case series study to describe the technique and to evaluate the feasibility of this innovative surgical procedure...

BACKGROUND: In patients with advanced stage cancer of the uterine cervix who undergo irradiation with curative intent, there is the necessity to treat all suspicious nodes on imaging. Our hypothesis was that adding PET/CT to the imaging workup would alter the EBRT treatment plan, either resulting in an extended EBRT field to the para-aortal region or an additional boost to suspicious nodes. Since extended field radiotherapy or additional boost can cause toxicity, our secondary aim was to assess the incidence of severe late bowel toxicity in patients treated with extended para-aortal EBRT-field compared to elective pelvic EBRT...

Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SCNEC) accounts for 2%-5% of all cervical cancers [1]. SCNEC has a high incidence of lymphogenous and hematogenous metastases [2]. Reported survival rates range from 11% to 54% for all stages [3]. Because of the rarity of SCNEC, it is difficult to conduct prospective trials to elucidate the optimal prognostic factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential prognostic factors in patients with SCNEC. This article is protected by copyright...

A 31-year-old woman presented to an emergency department for suspected vaginal "stuffing" of cocaine. Her physical and pelvic exams were unremarkable despite agitation, tachycardia and hypertension. Abdominal radiograph was concerning for foreign body; transabdominal ultrasound was non-diagnostic. A noncontrast abdominal/pelvic computed tomography (CT) revealed a radiopaque mass within the cervix extending into the uterus. Gynecology was consulted, but the patient refused removal and left against medical advice...

AIM: To assess the patterns of recurrence and clinical outcomes of patients with cervical adenocarcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy (NACT) followed by radical hysterectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were retrospectively analyzed for 82 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage Ib2-IIb cervical adenocarcinoma who underwent this chemo-surgical treatment. The median follow-up of survivors was 89 months (range=5-208 months)...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Gastric-type mucinous carcinoma (MC-G) of the uterine cervix displays distinct morphological features and an aggressive clinical course. The expression status of p16 in the stroma has not been investigated in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Stromal p16 expression was evaluated in endocervical adenocarcinomas, including usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (UEA), intestinal-type mucinous carcinoma (MC-I), and MC-G. Whether stromal p16 expression varied significantly according to the histological subtype and whether the expression status is associated with clinicopathological characteristics of MC-G was also investigated...

BACKGROUND: Although cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to the ovary have been previously documented, we report the first case of superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to the ovary. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old woman with a two-year history of ovarian endometriosis confirmed by ultrasound underwent oophorectomy. On microscopic examination, a focus of malignant stratified epithelium, initially interpreted as transitional cell carcinoma, was identified within the endometriotic cyst wall...

BACKGROUND: Small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare and highly malignant tumor, and its etiopathogenesis is strongly related to high-risk HPV infections. METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 30 cases of cervical primary small cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. In situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction and reverse dot-blot hybridization were employed to detect HPV DNA in both small cell carcinoma and other coexisting epithelial tumors...

Background and aims: Cancer is a leading cause of death in Ecuador with high social and economic impact. This study aims to determinate the influence of living at a high altitude on the risk of developing or dying from cancer among the Ecuadorian population. Methods: This is an ecological and epidemiological analysis of cancer mortality and prevalence rates, based on national data from the Ecuadorian National Statistics and Census Institute, corresponding to the period between 2005 and 2014...

BACKGROUND: Vaginal/uterine rhabdomyosarcoma (VU RMS) is one of the most favorable RMS sites. To determine the optimal therapy, the experience of four cooperative groups (Children's Oncology Group [COG], International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) Malignant Mesenchymal Tumor Group [MMT], Italian Cooperative Soft Tissue Sarcoma Group [ICG], and European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group [EpSSG]) was analyzed. PROCEDURE: From 1981 to 2009, 237 patients were identified...

Collision tumours of the uterine cervix are extremely uncommon with exact incidence not known. Unlike squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma that are known to coexist, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) is rarely documented with other histological types in the cervix. We report such rare case of a collision tumour in cervix displaying dual histological component of SCNEC and SCC in a 36-year-old woman. The case is being presented because of its rarity and represents a unique and hitherto seldom-reported combination of two malignant tumours with distinct and often contrasting epidemiology, histology and prognosis coexisting in the same patient...

OBJECTIVE: Because villoglandular adenocarcinoma (VGA) of the uterine cervix has favorable features and outcomes, patients receive less radical surgery and young women preserve their ovaries. We aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features and outcomes of VGA and to see if the ovarian preservation is safe in young women with VGA. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and identified patients with VGA, who had been treated and followed from January 2004 to December 2015...

Four patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (BK-12, ED-15, HL-16, LA-19) of carcinoma of the uterine cervix have been developed in our laboratory, and their stability during serial transplantation in vivo was investigated in this study. Two frozen cell stocks were established, one from xenografted tumors in passage 2 (early generation) and the other from xenografted tumors transplanted serially in mice for approximately two years (late generation), and the biology of late generation tumors was compared with that of early generation tumors...

PURPOSE: To compare CT- and MRI-based brachytherapy (BT) target volumes for patients with advanced cervical cancer so as to identify those who benefit most from MRI-based planning. We also studied how the natural mobility of the organ at risks (OARs) affects the given doses. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Subjects were 60 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage IB-IVA cervical cancer. The CT high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) was first delineated, then the MRI HR-CTV, with volume discrepancies calculated by subtraction...