Arne Wenzel, Catrin Westphal, Johannes Ballauff, Dirk Berkelmann, Fabian Brambach, Damayanti Buchori, Nicolò Camarretta, Marife D Corre, Rolf Daniel, Kevin Darras, Stefan Erasmi, Greta Formaglio, Dirk Hölscher, Najeeb Al-Amin Iddris, Bambang Irawan, Alexander Knohl, Martyna M Kotowska, Valentyna Krashevska, Holger Kreft, Yeni Mulyani, Oliver Mußhoff, Gustavo B Paterno, Andrea Polle, Anton Potapov, Alexander Röll, Stefan Scheu, Michael Schlund, Dominik Schneider, Kibrom T Sibhatu, Christian Stiegler, Leti Sundawati, Aiyen Tjoa, Teja Tscharntke, Edzo Veldkamp, Pierre-André Waite, Meike Wollni, Delphine Clara Zemp, Ingo Grass
The expansion of the oil palm industry in Indonesia has improved livelihoods in rural communities, but comes at the cost of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation. Here, we investigated ways to balance ecological and economic outcomes of oil palm cultivation. We compared a wide range of production systems, including smallholder plantations, industrialized company estates, estates with improved agronomic management, and estates with native tree enrichment. Across all management types, we assessed multiple indicators of biodiversity, ecosystem functions, management, and landscape structure to identify factors that facilitate economic-ecological win-wins, using palm yields as measure of economic performance...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America