Pacitaxel

There is a growing interest in exploring the therapeutically mediated modulation of tumor vascularization of pancreatic cancer, which is known for its poorly perfused tumor microenvironment limiting the delivery of therapeutic agents to the tumor site. Here, we assessed how magnetic hyperthermia in combination with chemotherapy selectively affects growth, the vascular compartment of tumors, and the presence of tumor cells expressing key regulators of angiogenesis. To that purpose, a orthotopic PANC-1 (fluorescent human pancreatic adenocarcinoma) mouse tumor model (Rj:Athym-Foxn1nu/nu) was used...

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy has proven to be more effective on patients with advanced cervical cancer than radiotherapy alone. Although cisplatin has been recommended to be the standard agent in chemotherapy, it has some limitations in clinical use because of its strong side effects. Moreover, the optimal chemotherapy regimen remains unclear. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted via the Internet retrieval system to identify eligible trials. The ending points included response, overall survival (OS), local recurrent, and distant metastasis rates...

UNLABELLED: Next-generation sequencing was used to identify Notch mutations in a large collection of diverse solid tumors. NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 rearrangements leading to constitutive receptor activation were confined to triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC; 6 of 66 tumors). TNBC cell lines with NOTCH1 rearrangements associated with high levels of activated NOTCH1 (N1-ICD) were sensitive to the gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) MRK-003, both alone and in combination with paclitaxel, in vitro and in vivo, whereas cell lines with NOTCH2 rearrangements were resistant to GSI...

INTRODUCTION: Sorafenib, a multitarget kinase inhibitor, targets members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and VEGFR kinases. Here we assessed the association between expression of sorafenib targets and biomarkers of taxane sensitivity and response to therapy in pre-treatment tumors from patients enrolled in ECOG 2603, a phase III comparing sorafenib, carboplatin and paclitaxel (SCP) to carboplatin, paclitaxel and placebo (CP). METHODS: Using a method of automated quantitative analysis (AQUA) of in situ protein expression, we quantified expression of VEGF-R2, VEGF-R1, VEGF-R3, FGF-R1, PDGF-Rβ, c-Kit, B-Raf, C-Raf, MEK1, ERK1/2, STMN1, MAP2, EB1 and Bcl-2 in pretreatment specimens from 263 patients...

UNLABELLED: <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The high cost and low level of cancer survival urge the finding of new drugs having better mechanisms. There is a high trend of patients to be "back to nature" and use natural products as an alternative way to cure cancer. The fact is that some of available anticancer drugs are originated from plants, such as taxane, vincristine, vinblastine, pacitaxel. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a dietary pigment present in Curcuma longa rizhome is reported to induce cell cycle arrest in some cell lines...

In ovarian cancer, CD44(+) /CD117(+) stem cells, also known as cancer-initiating cells (CICs), are highly proliferative, have a low degree of differentiation, and are resistant to chemotherapeutics. Therefore, the CD44(+) /CD117(+) subpopulation is thought to be an important target for novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the role of microRNA-199a (miR-199a) in ovarian cancer stem cells. Luciferase reporter gene assays confirmed that miR-199a targets CD44 via an miR-199a-binding site in the 3'-UTR...

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/Neu is overexpressed in 20-30% of breast cancers and associated with aggressive phenotypes and poor prognosis. For deciphering the role of HER2/Neu in breast cancer, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Her2/neu transgenic mice that develop mammary tumors resembling human HER2-subtype breast cancer have been established. Several recent studies have revealed that HER2/Neu is overexpressed in and regulates self renewal of breast tumor-initiating cells (TICs). However, in the MMTV-Her2/neu transgenic mouse model, the identity of TICs remains elusive, despite previous studies showing supportive evidence for existence of TICs in Her2/neu-induced mammary tumors...

Paclitaxel, a potent anti-neoplastic agent, has been found to be effective against several tumours, including cervical cancer. However, the exact mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effects of pacitaxel, especially in the survival-signalling pathway, is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular pathway of the cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel in human cervical cancer cell lines. Four human cervical cancer cell lines were treated for 24 h with various concentration of paclitaxel, and the sensitivity was analysed by an MTT assay...

BACKGROUND: Epithelial tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) form the apical junctional complex (AJC) which regulates cell-cell adhesion, paracellular permeability and cell polarity. The AJC is anchored on cytoskeletal structures including actin microfilaments and microtubules. Such cytoskeletal interactions are thought to be important for the assembly and remodeling of apical junctions. In the present study, we investigated the role of microtubules in disassembly of the AJC in intestinal epithelial cells using a model of extracellular calcium depletion...

Nowadays, the use of taxoid derivated compounds constitutes one of the main chemotherapeutic weapons against breast cancer, ovarian cancer and non-microcytic lung cancer. The limiting factor when determining the dose of taxoids to be administered is the occurrence of neutropenia which is a common side-effect of this therapy. That is why we propose this retrospective study in which we assessed docetaxel and paclitaxel induced neutropenia in oncologic patients by means of colony stimulating factors consumption...

BACKGROUND: The inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are a family of structurally homologous caspase inhibitors. We synthesized an antisense oligonucleotide (AO) to target a region within the BIR domain of cIAP-1 and examined its ability to facilitate apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. METHODS: We transfected the IAP AO into PC3 and DU145 cells and determined alterations in IAP expression using Western blotting. Apoptosis and viability were assessed using propidium iodide (PI) DNA incorporation with flow cytometry...

Many chemotherapeutic regimens combined with estramustine phosphate (EMP) have been elaborated for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer over 30 years. However, older EMP-based combination chemotherapies with vinblastine, vinorelbine, doxorubicin or cyclophosphamide showed relatively low PSA response rate (25-58%) accompanied with high toxicities. On the other hand, newly developed EMP-based combination regimens with etoposide, pacitaxel, carboplatin or docetaxel demonstrated promising PSA response rate (43-77%) with moderate to severe toxicity in the rate of thromboembolic event (5-18%) and of neutropenia (9-41%)...

PURPOSE: VX-710 (biricodar, Incel) restores drug sensitivity to P-glycoprotein (MDR1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1)-expressing cells. This Phase II study evaluated the safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of VX-710 plus paclitaxel in women with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who were refractory to prior paclitaxel therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Eligible patients had paclitaxel-refractory disease defined as progressive disease after a minimum of two cycles of paclitaxel (weekly or 3-week schedule) or relapsed/progressive disease within 6 months of prior paclitaxel therapy...

PURPOSE: This phase III trial compared the efficacy and safety of doxorubicin and paclitaxel (AT) to 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) as first-line therapy for women with metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 267 women with metastatic breast cancer were randomized to receive either AT (doxorubicin 50 mg/m(2) followed 24 hours later by paclitaxel 220 mg/m(2)) or FAC (5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m(2), doxorubicin 50 mg/m(2), cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m(2)), each administered every 3 weeks for up to eight cycles...

INTRODUCTION: Paclitaxel is a natural antineoplastic drug. It has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of various cancers, especially ovarian and breast cancers with the best effect over other anticancer agents. Due to its high hydrophobicity however, an excipient such as Cremophor EL has to be used, which causes additional serious side effects. This study was intended to investigate the feasibility to apply nanospheres of biodegradable polymers as an alternative system to achieve best results with least side effects...