DXA scan

Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly prevalent in older women, with increasing evidence for shared risk factors and pathogenesis. Although FRAX was developed for the assessment of fracture risk, we hypothesized that it might also provide information on CVD risk. To test the ability of the FRAX tool and FRAX-defined risk factors to predict incident CVD in women undergoing osteoporosis screening with DXA, we performed a retrospective prognostic cohort study which included women aged 50 yr or older with a baseline DXA scan in the Manitoba Bone Mineral Density Registry between March 31, 1999 and March 31, 2018...

INTRODUCTION: Evidence on the effects of Vitamin D, omega-3 s and exercise on aBMD in healthy older adults is limited. We examined whether vitamin D3, omega-3 s, or a simple home-based exercise program (SHEP), alone or in combination, over three years, improve lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) or total hip (TH) aBMD assessed by DXA. METHODS: aBMD was a secondary outcome in DO-HEALTH, a 3-year, multicenter, double-blind, randomized 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design trial in generally healthy older adults age ≥ 70 years...

BACKGROUND: Testosterone treatment is generally not recommended in men with obesity induced low serum testosterone. However, distinguishing this condition from overt testosterone deficiency in men with obesity where treatment should be initiated is a diagnostic challenge and tools to differentiate these conditions are scarce but could be of important clinical relevance. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between body composition and dynamic responses of the pituitary-testis axis in men...

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have established a connection between folate intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been introduced as a good predictor of CVD events, but no previous study has investigated the relationship between dietary folate intake and severe AAC. Therefore, the study aims to explore the association between dietary folate intake and severe AAC in the United States (US) middle-aged and elderly population. METHODS: This study employed cross-sectional data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine the relationship between dietary folate intake and severe AAC...

Wilson, LJ and Curtis, C. Running event, age, and competitive level as predictors of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition and bone health markers in female runners. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The aim of this study was to assess the impact of running discipline, competitive level (COMP), and age on body composition measures in female athletes. A total of n = 51 female runners (age: 30.9 ± 5.7 years, stature: 166.7 ± 5.7 cm, and body mass (BM): 57.1 ± 8.2 kg) completed a full-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan in a cross-sectional design...

Ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI can quantify the major proton pool densities in cortical bone, including total (TWPD), bound (BWPD), and pore water (PWPD) proton densities, as well as the macromolecular proton density (MMPD), associated with the collagen content, which is calculated using macromolecular fraction (MMF) from UTE magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) modeling. This study aimed to investigate the differences in water and collagen contents in tibial cortical bone, between female osteopenia (OPe) patients, osteoporosis (OPo) patients, and young participants (Young)...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare reliability, costs, and radiation dose of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to MRI and CT in measuring muscle mass for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. METHODS: Thirty-four consecutive DXA scans performed in surgically menopausal women from November 2019 until March 2020 were analyzed by two observers. Observers analyzed muscle mass of the lower limbs in every scan twice. Reliability was assessed by calculating inter- and intra-observer variability...

UNLABELLED: Joint replacement surgery is common in older adults, leading to increasing periprosthetic fracture (PPFx) occurrence. We reviewed all PPFx seen over a 4-year period at an academic hospital. Clinical osteoporosis could be diagnosed based on existing data in 104 (67%) at the time of PPFx. Periprosthetic fractures are generally osteoporosis-related. PURPOSE: Periprosthetic fractures (PPFx) cause morbidity, mortality, and cost. This study's purpose was to describe osteoporosis-related data available at the time of PPFx...

BACKGROUND: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) experience premature aging. Whether accelerated aging involves changes in body composition parameters and is associated with early development of sarcopenia is unclear. AIMS: To compare parameters of body composition and the prevalence of sarcopenia between adults with DS and the general population. METHODS: Body composition was assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fat mass (FMI) and skeletal mass indices (SMI) were calculated as the ratio between total body fat mass and appendicular lean mass and the square of height, respectively...

INTRODUCTION/AIMS: VCP multisystem proteinopathy 1 (MSP1), encompassing inclusion body myopathy (IBM), Paget's disease of bone (PDB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (IBMPFD), features progressive muscle weakness, fatty infiltration, and disorganized bone structure in Pagetic bones. The aim of this study is to utilize dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) parameters to examine it as a biomarker of muscle and bone disease in MSP1. METHODS: DXA scans were obtained in 28 patients to assess body composition parameters (bone mineral density [BMD], T-score, total fat, and lean mass) across different groups: total VCP disease (n = 19), including myopathy without Paget's ("myopathy"; n = 12) and myopathy with Paget's ("Paget"; n = 7), and unaffected first-degree relatives serving as controls (n = 6)...

BACKGROUND: Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of large-for-gestational-age births and childhood obesity. However, evidence on its potential associations with long-term offspring body composition remains limited. This prospective cohort study examined associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy and body composition in the young adult offspring. METHODS: Participants were the offspring from a birth cohort in Chiang Mai (Thailand)...

This study evaluated the performance of a vertebral fracture detection algorithm (HealthVCF) in a real-life setting and assessed the impact on treatment and diagnostic workflow. HealthVCF was used to identify moderate and severe vertebral compression fractures (VCF) at a Danish hospital. Around 10,000 CT scans were processed by the HealthVCF and CT scans positive for VCF formed both the baseline and 6-months follow-up cohort. To determine performance of the algorithm 1000 CT scans were evaluated by specialized radiographers to determine performance of the algorithm...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recently, the American Diabetes Association updated the 2024 guidelines for Standards of Care in Diabetes and recommend that a T-score of - 2.0 in patients with diabetes should be interpreted as equivalent to - 2.5 in people without diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the most recent findings concerning the bone mineral density (BMD)-derived T-score and risk of fractures related to osteoporosis in subjects with diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS: The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan is the golden standard for evaluating BMD...

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis in males is largely under-diagnosed and under-treated, with most of the diagnosis confirmed only after an osteoporotic fracture. Therefore, there is an urgent need for highly accurate and precise technologies capable of identifying osteoporosis earlier, thereby avoiding complications from fragility fractures. AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and precision of the non-ionizing technology Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in a male population in comparison with conventional Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)...

INTRODUCTION: The International Society of Clinical Densitometry recommends omitting lumbar vertebrae affected by structural artifact from spine BMD measurement. Since reporting fewer than 4 vertebrae reduces spine BMD precision, least significant change (LSC) needs to be adjusted upwards when reporting spine BMD change based on fewer than 4 vertebrae. METHODOLOGY: In order to simplify estimating LSC from combinations of vertebrae other than L1-L4 (denoted LSCL1-4 ), we analyzed 879 DXA spine scan-pairs from the Manitoba BMD Program's ongoing precision evaluation...

A 30-year-old man developed right lower leg pain and a palpable solid mass. Radiographic imaging revealed a periosteal reaction with an exostotic mass arising from the right distal fibula. Generalized skeletal osteosclerosis with periosteal reaction was discovered on a radiographic skeletal survey. A biopsy of the right fibular mass revealed reactive woven bone. The patient was referred to a metabolic bone disease clinic, where laboratory values were consistent with secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover...

Romosozumab treatment in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis increases bone formation while decreasing bone resorption, resulting in large BMD gains to reduce fracture risk within 1 year. DXA-based 3D modeling of the hip was used to assess estimated changes in cortical and trabecular bone parameters and map the distribution of 3D changes in bone parameters over time in patients from two randomized controlled clinical trials: FRAME (romosozumab vs placebo followed by denosumab) and ARCH (romosozumab vs alendronate followed by alendronate)...

Femoral neck width (FNW) derived from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans may provide a useful adjunct to hip fracture prediction, by providing depth information missing from bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. Therefore, we investigated whether FNW is related to hip fracture risk independently of FN-BMD, using a genetic approach. FNW was derived from points automatically placed on the proximal femur using hip DXA scans from 38,150 individuals (mean age 63.8 years, 48.0% males) in UK Biobank (UKB)...

Fracture risk increases with lower areal BMD (aBMD); however, aBMD-related estimate of risk may decrease with age. This may depend on technical limitations of 2-dimensional (2D) DXA which are reduced with 3D high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Our aim was to examine whether the predictive utility of HR-pQCT measures with fracture varies with age. We analyzed associations of HR-pQCT measures at the distal radius and distal tibia with two outcomes: incident fractures and major osteoporotic fractures...

BACKGROUND: Breast density (BD) is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. Little is known about how BD develops during puberty. Understanding BD trajectories during puberty and its determinants could be crucial for promoting preventive actions against breast cancer (BC) at early ages. The objective of this research is to characterize % fibroglandular volume (%FGV), absolute fibroglandular volume (AFGV), and breast volume (BV) at different breast Tanner stages until 4-year post menarche in a Latino cohort and to assess determinants of high %FGV and AFGV during puberty and in a fully mature breast...