keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525906/layer-control-of-magneto-optical-effects-and-their-quantization-in-spin-valley-splitting-antiferromagnets
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiaqi Feng, Xiaodong Zhou, Meiling Xu, Jingming Shi, Yinwei Li
Magneto-optical effects (MOE), interfacing the fundamental interplay between magnetism and light, have served as a powerful probe for magnetic order, band topology, and valley index. Here, based on multiferroic and topological bilayer antiferromagnets (AFMs), we propose a layer control of MOE (L-MOE), which is created and annihilated by layer-stacking or an electric field effect. The key character of L-MOE is the sign-reversible response controlled by ferroelectric polarization, the Néel vector, or the electric field direction...
March 25, 2024: Nano Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525112/cgas-sting-an-important-signaling-pathway-in-diseases-and-their-therapy
#22
REVIEW
Qijie Li, Ping Wu, Qiujing Du, Ullah Hanif, Hongbo Hu, Ka Li
Since cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway was discovered in 2013, great progress has been made to elucidate the origin, function, and regulating mechanism of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the past decade. Meanwhile, the triggering and transduction mechanisms have been continuously illuminated. cGAS-STING plays a key role in human diseases, particularly DNA-triggered inflammatory diseases, making it a potentially effective therapeutic target for inflammation-related diseases...
April 2024: MedComm
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524312/pharmaceutical-terminology-in-ancient-and-medieval-time-andrachne-chrysocolla-and-others
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Barbara Zipser, Andrew C Scott, Robert Allkin, Peretz Gan, Andreas Lardos, Rebecca Lazarou, Efraim Lev, Mark Nesbitt, Kristina Patmore
Ancient and medieval pharmacological and medical texts contain a substantial amount of plant and mineral names. In some cases, the identification is straightforward. But for the majority of the data, we are unable to identify these ingredients with high certainty. In this paper, we discuss a selection of plant and mineral names both from a humanities and sciences point of view. In one case, the scientists were even able to examine a plant in situ. The conclusion of our paper is that a close collaboration between sciences and humanities is essential to avoid mistakes in the identification of materia medica ...
December 30, 2023: Stud Ceranea
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522367/multiple-matrices-metabolomics-combined-with-serum-pharmacochemistry-for-discovering-the-potential-targets-and-active-constituents-of-qifu-decoction-against-heart-failure
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xingxing Zhang, Wenting Liao, Xin Ding, Ya Zhang, Cuiping Long, Qian Zhou, Yuwei Wang, Hong Wu, Guangguo Tan
Qifu decoction (QFD) is an ancient traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription for the treatment of heart failure. However, the mechanisms and active constituents of QFD are poorly understood. In this study, multi-matrices metabolomics (serum, urine, and myocardial mitochondria) based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOFMS), were employed for exploring the mechanisms of QFD against heart failure in rat model. Twenty-one, seventeen, and fifteen endogenous metabolite biomarkers associated with heart failure were identified from serum, urine, and myocardial mitochondria datasets, respectively...
March 16, 2024: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521432/a-systematic-review-on-polysaccharides-from-morinda-officinalis-how-advances-in-the-preparation-structural-characterization-and-pharmacological-activities
#25
REVIEW
Mengyun Liu, Chen Wang, Hongwei Zhang, Hui Guo, Le Kang, Hongwei Li, Kai Li
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Morinda officinalis How is called "Ba-Ji-Tian" in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which belongs to the genus Rubiaceae and is widely used for medicinal purposes in China and other eastern Asian countries. Morinda officinalis How polysaccharides (MOPs) are one of the key bioactive components, and have a variety of biological activities, such as antioxidation, antifatigue, enhanced immunity, antiosteoporosis, ect. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review is aimed at providing comprehensive information of the latest preparation technologies, structural characterization, and pharmacological effects of MOPs...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521182/food-and-human-health-applications-of-edible-mushroom-by-products
#26
REVIEW
Pablo Navarro-Simarro, Lourdes Gómez-Gómez, Oussama Ahrazem, Ángela Rubio-Moraga
Mushroom waste can account for up to 50% of the total mushroom mass. Spent mushroom substrate, misshapen mushrooms, and mushroom stems are examples of mushroom byproducts. In ancient cultures, fungi were prized for their medicinal properties. Aqueous extracts containing high levels of β-glucans as functional components capable of providing prebiotic polysaccharides and improved texture to foods have been widely used and new methods have been tested to improve extraction yields. Similarly, the addition of insoluble polysaccharides controls the glycemic index, counteracting the effects of increasingly high-calorie diets...
March 21, 2024: New Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521062/new-canadian-amber-deposit-fills-gap-in-fossil-record-near-end-cretaceous-mass-extinction
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elyssa J T Loewen, Micheala A Balkwill, Júlia Mattioli, Pierre Cockx, Maria Velez Caicedo, Karlis Muehlenbachs, Ralf Tappert, Art Borkent, Caelan Libke, Michael S Engel, Christopher Somers, Ryan C McKellar
Amber preserves an exceptional record of tiny, soft-bodied organisms and chemical environmental signatures, elucidating the evolution of arthropod lineages and the diversity, ecology, and biogeochemistry of ancient ecosystems. However, globally, fossiliferous amber deposits are rare in the latest Cretaceous and surrounding the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction.1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 This faunal gap limits our understanding of arthropod diversity and survival across the extinction boundary.2 , 6 Contrasting hypotheses propose that arthropods were either relatively unaffected by the K-Pg extinction or experienced a steady decline in diversity before the extinction event followed by rapid diversification in the Cenozoic...
March 21, 2024: Current Biology: CB
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521061/prolonged-faunal-turnover-in-earliest-ants-revealed-by-north-american-cretaceous-amber
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christine Sosiak, Pierre Cockx, Pablo Aragonés Suarez, Ryan McKellar, Phillip Barden
All ∼14,000 extant ant species descended from the same common ancestor, which lived ∼140-120 million years ago (Ma).1 , 2 While modern ants began to diversify in the Cretaceous, recent fossil evidence has demonstrated that older lineages concomitantly occupied the same ancient ecosystems.3 These early-diverging ant lineages, or stem ants, left no modern descendants; however, they dominated the fossil record throughout the Cretaceous until their ultimate extinction sometime around the K-Pg boundary...
March 18, 2024: Current Biology: CB
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520956/impact-of-hypoxia-on-glucose-metabolism-and-hypoxia-signaling-pathways-in-juvenile-horseshoe-crabs-tachypleus-tridentatus
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lingfeng Jiang, Yueyong Shang, Yuntian Shi, Xiaowan Ma, Malik ShahZaib Khalid, Meilian Huang, James Kar-Hei Fang, Youji Wang, Kianann Tan, Menghong Hu
Marine hypoxia poses a significant challenge in the contemporary marine environment. The horseshoe crab, an ancient benthic marine organism, is confronted with the potential threat of species extinction due to hypoxia, making it an ideal candidate for studying hypoxia tolerance mechanisms. In this experiment, juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus were subjected to a 21-day trial at DO:2 mg/L (hypoxia) and DO:6 mg/L conditions. The experimental timeline included a 14-day exposure phase followed by a 7-day recovery period...
March 19, 2024: Marine Environmental Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520311/chemical-and-transcriptomic-analysis-of-leaf-trichomes-from-cistus-creticus-subsp-creticus-reveal-the-biosynthetic-pathways-of-certain-labdane-type-diterpenoids-and-their-acetylated-forms
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antigoni S Papanikolaou, Dimitra Papaefthimiou, Dragana Matekalo, Christina-Vasiliki Karakousi, Antonios M Makris, Angelos K Kanellis
Labdane-related diterpenoids (LRDs), a subgroup of terpenoids, exhibit structural diversity and significant commercial and pharmacological potential. LRDs share the characteristic decalin-labdanic core structure that derives from the cycloisomerization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP). Labdanes derive their name from the oleoresin known as "Labdanum," "Ladano" or "Aladano, used since ancient Greek times. Acetylated labdanes, rarely identified in plants, are associated with enhanced biological activities...
March 23, 2024: Journal of Experimental Botany
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520013/osmir319-ospcf5-modulate-resistance-to-brown-planthopper-in-rice-through-association-with-myb-proteins
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bo Sun, Yanjie Shen, Lin Zhu, Xiaofang Yang, Xue Liu, Dayong Li, Mulan Zhu, Xuexia Miao, Zhenying Shi
BACKGROUND: The brown planthopper (BPH) is a kind of piercing-sucking insect specific to rice, with the damage tops the list of pathogens and insects in recent years. microRNAs (miRNAs) are pivotal regulators of plant-environment interactions, while the mechanism underlying their function against insects is largely unknown. RESULTS: Here, we confirmed that OsmiR319, an ancient and conserved miRNA, negatively regulated resistance to BPHs, with overexpression of OsmiR319 susceptible to BPH, while suppression of OsmiR319 resistant to BPH in comparison with wild type...
March 22, 2024: BMC Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519922/investigation-of-the-presence-of-non-carious-cervical-lesions-nccls-in-ancient-adult-skulls-analyzing-data-from-prehistoric-and-historical-samples-through-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mario Dioguardi, Francesca Spirito, Eleonora Lo Muzio, Diego Sovereto, Andrea Ballini, Mario Alovisi, Giusi Antonia Toto, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Michele Di Cosola
OBJECTIVES: Historically, the prevalence of caries has undergone significant changes, particularly increasing with the industrialization of sugar consumption. When examining ancient populations, lower caries rates are discovered, attributed in part to dietary factors. These populations consumed abrasive foods, leading to occlusal wear and reduced non-axial occlusal forces, potentially influencing Non-Carious Cervical Lesions (NCCLs). Although some attribute NCCLs to abfraction, the mechanism remains debated...
March 22, 2024: BMC Oral Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519634/primitive-purine-biosynthesis-connects-ancient-geochemistry-to-modern-metabolism
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joshua E Goldford, Harrison B Smith, Liam M Longo, Boswell A Wing, Shawn Erin McGlynn
An unresolved question in the origin and evolution of life is whether a continuous path from geochemical precursors to the majority of molecules in the biosphere can be reconstructed from modern-day biochemistry. Here we identified a feasible path by simulating the evolution of biosphere-scale metabolism, using only known biochemical reactions and models of primitive coenzymes. We find that purine synthesis constitutes a bottleneck for metabolic expansion, which can be alleviated by non-autocatalytic phosphoryl coupling agents...
March 22, 2024: Nature Ecology & Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517967/isotopic-biographies-reveal-horse-rearing-and-trading-networks-in-medieval-london
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander J E Pryor, Carly Ameen, Robert Liddiard, Gary Baker, Katherine S Kanne, J Andy Milton, Christopher D Standish, Bastian Hambach, Ludovic Orlando, Lorelei Chauvey, Stephanie Schiavinato, Laure Calvière-Tonasso, Gaetan Tressières, Stefanie Wagner, John Southon, Beth Shapiro, Alan Pipe, Oliver H Creighton, Alan K Outram
This paper reports a high-resolution isotopic study of medieval horse mobility, revealing their origins and in-life mobility both regionally and internationally. The animals were found in an unusual horse cemetery site found within the City of Westminster, London, England. Enamel strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope analysis of 15 individuals provides information about likely place of birth, diet, and mobility during the first approximately 5 years of life. Results show that at least seven horses originated outside of Britain in relatively cold climates, potentially in Scandinavia or the Western Alps...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517944/the-hippo-kinase-cascade-regulates-a-contractile-cell-behavior-and-cell-density-in-a-close-unicellular-relative-of-animals
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan E Phillips, Duojia Pan
The genomes of close unicellular relatives of animals encode orthologs of many genes that regulate animal development. However, little is known about the function of such genes in unicellular organisms or the evolutionary process by which these genes came to function in multicellular development. The Hippo pathway, which regulates cell proliferation and tissue size in animals, is present in some of the closest unicellular relatives of animals, including the amoeboid organism Capsaspora owczarzaki . We previously showed that the Capsaspora ortholog of the Hippo pathway nuclear effector Yorkie/YAP/TAZ (coYki) regulates actin dynamics and the three-dimensional morphology of Capsaspora cell aggregates, but is dispensable for cell proliferation control (Phillips et al...
March 22, 2024: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516374/hunter-gatherer-genetics-research-importance-and-avenues
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cecilia Padilla-Iglesias, Inez Derkx
Major developments in the field of genetics in the past few decades have revolutionised notions of what it means to be human. Although currently only a few populations around the world practise a hunting and gathering lifestyle, this mode of subsistence has characterised members of our species since its very origins and allowed us to migrate across the planet. Therefore, the geographical distribution of hunter-gatherer populations, dependence on local ecosystems and connections to past populations and neighbouring groups have provided unique insights into our evolutionary origins...
2024: Evolutionary human sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516016/insights-into-the-diversity-and-survival-strategies-of-soil-bacterial-isolates-from-the-atacama-desert
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alicyn Reverdy, Daniel Hathaway, Jessica Jha, Gabriel Michaels, Jeffrey Sullivan, Daniela Diaz McAdoo, Carlos Riquelme, Yunrong Chai, Veronica Godoy-Carter
The Atacama Desert, the driest, with the highest radiation, and one of the most ancient deserts in the world, is a hostile environment for life. We have a collection of 74 unique bacterial isolates after cultivation and confirmation by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Pigmentation, biofilm formation, antimicrobial production against Escherichia coli MG1655 and Staphylococcus aureus HG003, and antibiotic resistance were assessed on these isolates. We found that approximately a third of the colonies produced pigments, 80% of isolates formed biofilms, many isolates produce growth inhibiting activities against E...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515642/spinning-through-history-evolution-of-the-concept-of-vestibular-migraine
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yoon-Hee Cha
Vestibular migraine represents a growing public health problem, imposing enormous societal burdens in the form of patient suffering, loss of productivity, and direct healthcare costs. This raises the question of how we developed our ideas about vestibular migraine and how these ideas shape how we treat it. This review walks through the history of how our conceptualization of migraine and vestibular symptoms evolved, starting with clinical observations in ancient times, inclusion under the umbrella of Meniere's disease, and then separation from Meniere's disease with its own identity...
September 2023: Otol Neurotol Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513351/mammalian-milk-microbiomes-sources-of-diversity-potential-functions-and-future-research-directions
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael Power, Carly R Muletz-Wolz, Sally L Bornbusch
Milk is an ancient, fundamental mammalian adaptation providing nutrition and biochemical communication to offspring. Microbiomes have been detected in milks of all species studied to date. In this review, we discuss (a) routes by which microbes may enter milk, (b) evidence for proposed milk microbiome adaptive functions, (c) variation in milk microbiomes across mammals, and (d) future research directions, including suggestions for how to address outstanding questions on the viability and functionality of milk microbiomes...
March 1, 2024: Reproduction & fertility
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513028/mars-rover-probes-ancient-shoreline-for-signs-of-life
#40
Paul Voosen
Plans for Perseverance to explore past crater rim may be in jeopardy.
March 22, 2024: Science
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