Profile keratitis

PURPOSE: Faricimab, a novel pharmaceutical agent targeting both angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A pathways, has gained approval for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema. While clinical trials have demonstrated its favorable safety profile, this research presents two cases of hypertensive uveitis following intravitreal Faricimab injections. METHODS: Medical history, clinical findings and multimodal images were retrospectively collected...

Purpose: Natamycin (NT) is used as a first-line antifungal prescription in the treatment of fungal keratitis (FK) and is commercially available as a 5% w/v ophthalmic suspension. NT shows poor water solubility and light sensitivity. Thus, the present investigation is aimed to enhance the fraction of NT in solution in the commercial formulation by adding cyclodextrins (CDs), thereby improving the delivery of the drug into deeper ocular tissues. Methods: The solubility of NT in different CDs, the impact of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, stability at 4°C and 25°C, in vitro release, and ex vivo transcorneal permeation studies were performed...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to report the strategies that evolved in managing Mooren's ulcer (MU) at a resource-limited center in rural India during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This study includes a retrospective analysis of clinically diagnosed MU cases from January 2021 to August 2021 wherein strategies for management were developed. The demographic profile, ulcer clinical features, treatment algorithms (medical and surgical), complications encountered, referral to a higher center, and compliance with medication and follow-up were studied...

Two hybrid series of pyrazole-clubbed pyrimidines 5a - c and pyrazole-clubbed pyrazoline compounds 6a,b and 7 were designed as attractive scaffolds to be investigated in vitro and in vivo for antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . From the results of the in vitro antibacterial screening, compound 5c showed excellent activity (minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC = 521 μM) when compared with that of the reference antibiotic levofloxacin (MIC = 346 μM)...

Fungal keratitis (FK) is a fungal infection of the cornea, which is part of the eye and causes corneal ulcers and an increased risk of permanent blindness, which is often found in Candida albicans species. Amphotericin B (AMB), which is a group of polyenes as the first-line treatment of FK, is effective in annihilating C. albicans . However, AMB preparations such as eye drops and ointments have major drawbacks, for instance, requiring more frequent administrations, loss of the drug by the drainage process, and rapid elimination in the precornea, which result in low bioavailability of the drug...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to identify bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial sensitivity profile associated with cases of canine progressive ulcerative keratitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of microbial culture and sensitivity results from dogs with progressive ulcerative keratitis presenting to a UK referral practice between December 2018 and August 2020. RESULTS: Positive bacterial cultures were obtained from 80/148 (54%) of the canine ulcers sampled with 99 bacterial isolates cultured...

PURPOSE: To compare retrospective data on microbial keratitis (MK) from two different climatic regions in Turkey over 11 years. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with presumed MK at two referral centers. Center A was located in the subtropical region of Turkey, whereas Center B was located in a continental temperate climate zone. Clinical and laboratory data were also recorded...

PURPOSE: This study evaluates the efficacy and tolerability of cyclosporine A cationic emulsion (CsA-CE) in patients ≥4 years of age with moderate-to-severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). METHODS: This Phase II/III, multicenter, double-masked, dose-ranging study had 2 treatment periods: a 4-week, randomized, vehicle-controlled period in which patients received 0.05% CsA-CE, 0.1% CsA-CE, or vehicle eye drops 4 times daily (period 1) and a 3-month period in which patients received 0...

PURPOSE: To determine the demographic and microbiological profile involved in the causation of corneal ulcers in Eastern India during the COVID era. METHOD: Patients presenting with corneal ulcers fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken as the case. The study duration was from January 2021 to December 2021. Socio-demographic details and information about risk factors were noted. A detailed corneal examination followed by corneal scraping was performed for microbiological evaluation...

PURPOSE: To determine the demography, risk factors, and causative organisms of microbial keratitis (MK) in Bihar, an eastern state of India. DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: We reviewed the demographic, clinical, and microbiological data of 2303 patients with MK (non-viral) presenting between January 2019 and December 2022. RESULTS: This study revealed a predominance of males (65.0%) compared to females (34.9%), with a mean age of 48...

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To study the clinical profile, risk factors and complications of paediatric Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). Case records of clinically diagnosed paediatric HZO over the past five years period were collected. An analysis was done with the existing data to determine the patient's clinical presentation, risk factors and treatment outcomes. Among seven children (three males and four females), two were less than ten years. Risk factors like previous history of chickenpox were present in one patient and immunosuppression in another...

INTRODUCTION: The free-living protozoan Acanthamoeba can cause severe keratitis known as Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK) and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). The pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba includes intricate interactions between the organism and the host's immune system. The downstream analysis of a well-annotated genome assembly along with proteomic analysis can unravel several biological processes and aid in the identification of potential genes involved in pathogenicity. METHODS: Based on the next-generation sequencing data analysis, genes including lysophospholipase, phospholipase, S8/S53 peptidase, carboxylesterase, and mannose-binding protein were selected as probable pathogenic targets that were validated by conventional PCR in a total of 30 Acanthamoeba isolates...

Infectious keratitis is a sight-threatening condition that is usually an ocular emergency. The visual outcome depends on prompt and accurate clinical management as well as geographic and epidemiological awareness. We conducted a retrospective observational study to define the epidemiological and laboratory profile, as well as the clinical course of bacterial keratitis in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo over 2 years. Information about age, sex, predisposing factors, topical and surgical treatment, visual acuity, ulcers' classification, bacterioscopy, culture, and antibiotic sensitivity tests were collected...

Acyclovir (ACV) controls cutaneous herpes, genital herpes, herpes keratitis, varicella zoster, and chickenpox. From previously reported ACV formulations, we continued to explore the permeation behavior of the optimized ACV loaded optimized ethosome (ETHO2R) and elastic liposome (ELP3R) and their respective carbopol gels across artificial membrane, cultured human EpiDerm, and rat skin. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to investigate the mechanistic perspective of permeation behavior...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the demographic and predisposing factors and clinical presentation of microbial keratitis (MK) patients over 10 years at a tertiary hospital in central Saudi Arabia. METHOD: In 2020, a retrospective review of data from clinical and pathology departments from 2010 to 2019 was conducted. Demography includes age, gender, residence, and the risk factor of microbial keratitis, clinical features, and organism profile as number and percentage. RESULT: We reviewed 181 eyes of 179 patients with microbial keratitis...

OBJECTIVE: To report the identification and results of susceptibility testing for fungal isolates from the cornea or contact lens care systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective epidemiological study, we searched the results of fungal cultures from cornea or contact lens systems referred for identification and susceptibility testing to the United Kingdom National Mycology Reference Laboratory between October 2016 and March 2022. For each fungal isolate, we recorded the genus and species of the fungus and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to six antifungal agents available to treat corneal infection (amphotericin, econazole, itraconazole, natamycin, posaconazole, and voriconazole)...

This report explores the molecular profiling of Acanthamoeba spp. from individuals in the UK suffering from a debilitating, sight-threatening disease of the cornea known as Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). Seventy ocular samples from individuals undergoing investigations for AK were sent to the Scottish Microbiology Reference Laboratories (SMiRL), Glasgow during 2017-2019, and subjected to DNA extraction followed by in-depth molecular typing using a nested PCR/bi-directional sequencing approach. Of the 70 samples tested, 40 were PCR-positive...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographics and clinical profile of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Keratitis in patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in South India. METHODS: We have reviewed the medical records of all patients having a clinical diagnosis of any form of HSV keratitis, seen between May 2012 and August 2020 across the L V Prasad Eye Institute network. All the further analyses of the groups were performed using the keywords used for making the diagnosis of HSV keratitis and the data were collected from the electronic medical record system...

This study analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients exposed to topical steroids before bacterial keratitis diagnosis (the prior topical steroid use, PS group), and compared these with those of the non-exposed group (the no prior topical steroid use, NPS group). We retrospectively analyzed 194 patients (PS, 34; NPS, 160) with culture-proven bacterial keratitis between 2007 and 2016. The microbiological profiles, epidemiology, predisposing factors, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of PS and NPS were compared, and the risk factors for surgical intervention were evaluated...