Profile keratitis

BACKGROUND: Microbial keratitis is one of the leading causes of blindness globally. An overactive immune response during an infection can exacerbate damage, causing corneal opacities and vision loss. This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes between corneal infection patients and healthy volunteers within the cornea and conjunctiva and elucidate the contributing pathways to these conditions' pathogenesis. Moreover, it compared the corneal and conjunctival transcriptomes in corneal-infected patients to cytokine levels in tears...

PURPOSE: To examine the microbiological profile of cases of culture-positive fungal keratitis presenting to a tertiary eye care center in eastern India. METHODS: Microbiology records of all culture-positive microbial keratitis patients presenting to L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, between January 2020 and December 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. Collected data included smear results of culture-positive fungal or mixed infections, the species isolated, and the time taken for organisms to grow in each media...

The ocular surface microenvironment, containing the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland, constitutes the mucosal frontline of the eye and houses a myriad of immune cells. As a part of unconventional T cells, gamma delta (γδ) T cells differ in the development and functions from canonical alpha beta (αβ) T cells. They are predominantly situated in mucosal sites throughout the body, including ocular surface tissues. Recent research has elucidated that γδ T cells serve as the primary interleukin-17A (IL-17A) source in the conjunctiva...

The spread of antibiotic resistance represents a serious worldwide public health issue, underscoring the importance of epidemiology research in determining antimicrobial strategies. The purpose of this research was to investigate antibiotic resistance in Serratia marcescens isolates from clinical samples over seven years at the University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona" in Salerno, Italy. S. marcescens is an important opportunistic pathogen associated with a wide spectrum of clinical diseases, including pneumonia, keratitis, meningitis, and urinary tract and wound infections...

INTRODUCTION: Asthma is a pathology that remains severe and is inadequately controlled in 4% of patients. Identification of multiple pathophysiological mechanisms has led to the development of biomedicines, of which there are currently five available in France, with a safety profile that appears favorable but remains uncertain due to a lack of real-life experience with these new molecules. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE: Although relatively benign, the adverse effects of biologics are diverse...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk and safety profile of autologous serum eye drop therapy in clinical routine over a period of 5 years. METHODS: This retrospective study involved all patients treated with autologous serum between July 2014 and December 2019 at a tertiary ophthalmic referral center. The electronic patient record system was searched for all patients with autologous serum eye drop therapy at any time point. These records were subsequently searched for keywords such as infectious keratitis, corneal ulcer, conjunctivitis, or endophthalmitis at any recorded contact...

Corneal neovascularization (CoNV) is a sight-threatening condition affecting an estimated 1.4 million people per year, and the incidence is expected to rise. It is a complication of corneal pathological diseases such as infective keratitis, chemical burn, corneal limbal stem cell deficiency, mechanical trauma, and immunological rejection after keratoplasties. CoNV occurs due to a disequilibrium in proangiogenic and antiangiogenic mediators, involving a complex system of molecular interactions. Treatment of CoNV is challenging, and no therapy thus far has been curative...

Melanin is an Aspergillus flavus cell wall component that provides chemical and physical protection to the organism. However, the molecular and biological mechanisms modulating melanin-mediated host-pathogen interaction in A. flavus keratitis are not well understood. This work aimed to compare the morphology, surface proteome profile, and virulence of melanized conidia (MC) and non-melanized conidia (NMC) of A. flavus. Kojic acid treatment inhibited melanin synthesis in A. flavus, and the conidial surface protein profile was significantly different in kojic acid-treated non-melanized conidia...

INTRODUCTION: Microbial keratitis poses a significant threat to vision and is a common ocular infection. Its causative agents encompass a wide spectrum, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. The microbiological profile of microbial keratitis is influenced by factors such as patient demographics, geographical location, climate, and occupational hazards and evolves over time. METHODOLOGY: Corneal scrapings were collected from 75 patients with a provisional diagnosis of microbial keratitis...

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics, distribution of isolates, prevailing patterns, and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial keratitis (BK) in a Tertiary Referral Hospital located in Southwest China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 660 cases of bacterial keratitis occurring between January 2015 and December 2022. The demographic data, predisposing factors, microbial findings, and antibiotic sensitivity profiles were examined...

BACKGROUND: Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a corneal sight-threatening infection caused by the free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba. Early and appropriate treatment significantly impacts visual outcomes. Mucoadhesive polymers such as chitosan are a potential strategy to prolong the residence time and bioavailability of the encapsulated drugs in the cornea. Regarding the recent administration of miltefosine (MF) for treating resistant AK, in the present study, we synthesized miltefosine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (MF-CS-NPs) and evaluated them against Acanthamoeba...

IMPORTANCE: Evaluation of the microbiological diagnostic profile of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis and potential management with rose bengal-photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (RB-PDAT) is important. OBJECTIVE: To document the disease progression of carbapenemase-resistant P aeruginosa keratitis after an artificial tear contamination outbreak. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective observation case series included 9 patients 40 years or older who presented at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and had positive test results for multidrug-resistant P aeruginosa keratitis between January 1, 2022, and October 31, 2023...

PURPOSE: Nocardia keratitis is a serious and sight-threatening condition. This study aims to reveal the virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene profile of Nocardia strains using whole genome sequencing. METHODS: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 23 cornea-derived Nocardia strains. Together with genomic data from the respiratory tract and the environment, 141 genomes were then utilized for phylogenetic and pan-genome analyses, followed by virulence and antibiotic resistance analysis...

BACKGROUND: Proteus mirabilis has been identified as an important zoonotic pathogen, causing several illnesses such as diarrhoea, keratitis and urinary tract infections. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the prevalence of P. mirabilis in broiler chickens, its antibiotic resistance (AR) patterns, ESBL-producing P. mirabilis and the presence of virulence genes. METHODS: A total of 26 isolates were confirmed as P. mirabilis from 480 pooled broiler chicken faecal samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...

INTRODUCTION: Fungal keratitis (FK) poses a severe threat to vision, potentially leading to blindness if not promptly addressed. Clitoria ternatea flower extracts have a history of use in Ayurvedic and Indian traditional medicines, particularly for treating eye ailments. This study investigates the antifungal and antibiofilm effects of Clitoria ternatea flower extracts on the FK clinical isolate Coniochaeta hoffmannii . Structural details and key compound identification were analysed through FTIR and GC-MS...

BACKGROUND: To assess the long-term incidence and risk factors for post-keratoplasty infectious keratitis (IK), associated ocular pathogens, and antibiotic resistance profiles. METHODS: Cohort study including 2553 consecutive penetrating, endothelial, and anterior lamellar keratoplasties performed between 1992 and 2020. Medical and microbiological records of patients clinically diagnosed with IK were retrospectively reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: cumulative incidence of IK, infectious agent species, and antibiotics resistance profiles...

A rationale poly-microbial keratitis (PMK) therapy requires quick identification of pathogen (bacteria and fungi) and their efficient treatment. However, majority of healthcare providers are still having trouble finding an effective medicine to treat PMK due to constraints such as antimicrobial resistance, dose and dosing schedule. Thus, a broad spectrum anti-fungal and antibacterial having less resistance in community involving combination therapy such as amphotericin B (AmB), tobramycin (TBR) and vancomycin (VCM) is required...

A rare but lethal central nervous system disease known as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) and potentially blinding Acanthamoeba keratitis are diseases caused by free-living Acanthamoeba . Currently, no therapeutic agent can completely eradicate or prevent GAE. Synthetic compounds are a likely source of bioactive compounds for developing new drugs. This study synthesized seventeen 1,4-benzothiazine derivatives (I -XVII) by a base-catalyzed one-pot reaction of 2-amino thiophenol with substituted bromo acetophenones...

The corneal epithelium (CE) is the outermost layer of the cornea with constant turnover, relative stability, remarkable plasticity, and compensatory properties to mask alterations in the underlying stroma. The advent of quantitative imaging modalities capable of producing epithelial thickness mapping (ETM) has made it possible to characterize better the different patterns of epithelial remodeling. In this comprehensive synthesis, we reviewed all available data on ETM with different methods, including very high-frequency ultrasound (VHF-US) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in normal individuals, corneal or systemic diseases, and corneal surgical scenarios...

Aim: The fixed-dose combination of moxifloxacin (MOXI) and ketorolac tromethamine (KTR) is widely used for the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Thus, a new LC-MS/MS method was developed to determine MOXI and KTR in lacrimal fluid. Methods: Bioanalysis was performed using a Shimadzu 8050 LC-MS/MS in electrospray ionization-positive mode and the method was validated per US FDA guidelines. Isocratic separation was performed with a Waters Symmetry C18 column using methanol and 0.1% formic acid containing deionized water (85:15, v/v)...