keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535554/pathogenicity-analyses-of-rice-blast-fungus-pyricularia-oryzae-from-japonica-rice-area-of-northeast-china
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dongyuan Wang, Feng Zhu, Jichun Wang, Hongguang Ju, Yongfeng Yan, Shanyan Qi, Yuping Ou, Chengli Tian
In order to understand the pathogenicity differentiation of rice blast fungus ( Pyricularia oryzae Cavara), a total of 206 isolates of P. oryzae were collected from three Japonica rice regions in Jilin Province, northeast China. Pathogenicity test showed that the reaction pattern of 25 monogenic differential varieties (MDVs) of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) demonstrated a wide pathogenic diversity among the isolates. Those MDVs harbor 23 resistance ( R ) genes with the susceptible variety Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) as control...
February 28, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535537/identification-of-germinants-and-expression-of-germination-genes-in-clostridium-perfringens-strains-isolated-from-diarrheic-animals
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Prabhat K Talukdar, Maryam Alnoman, Mahfuzur R Sarker
In this study, we investigated the spore germination phenotype of Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from diarrheic animals (animal strains). The transcripts of germination-specific genes and their protein products were also measured. Our study found the following results: (i) animal strains spores germinated at a slower rate with AK (mixture of L-asparagine and KCl), L-cysteine, or L-lysine, but the extent of germination varied based on strains and germinants used; (ii) none of the amino acids (excluding L-cysteine and L-lysine) were identified as a universal germinant for spores of animal strains; (iii) animal strain spores germinated better at a pH range of 6...
February 22, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535360/heterosis-for-resistance-to-insect-herbivores-in-a-3-line-hybrid-rice-system
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Finbarr G Horgan, Carmencita C Bernal, Angelee F Ramal, Maria Liberty P Almazan, Enrique A Mundaca, Eduardo Crisol-Martínez
Three-line hybrid rice is produced by crossing male sterile (A line) rice with a fertility-restorer (R line). Fertile lines (B lines) are also required to maintain A line seed for breeding programs. We used a range of hybrids and their parental lines to assess the frequency and nature of heterosis for resistance to the whitebacked planthopper ( Sogatella furcifera ), brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens ) and yellow stemborer ( Scirpophaga incertulas ). Heterosis is defined as trait improvement above the average of the parental lines as a result of outbreeding...
February 28, 2024: Insects
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535357/histone-acetylation-enhancing-host-melanization-in-response-to-parasitism-by-an-endoparasitoid-wasp
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kun Jiang, Yan Zhou, Wen Cui, Yan-Wei Han, Pei Chen, Gui-Ming Liao, You-Ming Hou, Bao-Zhen Tang
Endoparasitoids are insects that develop within other insects, employing unique strategies to enhance their offspring's survival. They inject polydnavirus and/or venom into their hosts along with eggs, effectively suppressing the host's immune system. Polydnavirus from Braconidae and Ichneumonidae wasps can integrate into the host's genome to express viral genes using the host's transcription systems. However, the ability of parasitoids without polydnavirus to manipulate host gene expression remains unclear...
February 27, 2024: Insects
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535323/in-silico-analysis-of-novel-bacterial-metabolites-with-anticancer-activities
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pfariso Maumela, Mahloro Hope Serepa-Dlamini
Resistance to anticancer therapeutics is a major global concern. Thus, new anticancer agents should be aimed against novel protein targets to effectively mitigate the increased resistance. This study evaluated the potential of secondary metabolites from a bacterial endophyte, as new anticancer agents, against a novel protein target, fibroblast growth factor. In silico genomic characterization of the Bacillus sp. strain MHSD_37 was used to identify potential genes involved in encoding secondary metabolites with biological activity...
March 13, 2024: Metabolites
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535317/integrative-multiomics-approach-to-skin-the-sinergy-between-individualised-medicine-and-futuristic-precision-skin-care
#26
REVIEW
Angelica Dessì, Roberta Pintus, Vassilios Fanos, Alice Bosco
The skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by millions of microorganisms, the skin microbiota, which are crucial in regulating not only the physiological functions of the skin but also the metabolic changes underlying the onset of skin diseases. The high microbial colonization together with a low diversity at the phylum level and a high diversity at the species level of the skin is very similar to that of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, there is an important communication pathway along the gut-brain-skin axis, especially associated with the modulation of neurotransmitters by the microbiota...
March 7, 2024: Metabolites
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535206/comparison-of-crispr-mad7-and-crispr-cas9-for-gene-disruptions-in-komagataella-phaffii
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kirill Smirnov, Florian Weiss, Anna-Maria Hatzl, Lukas Rieder, Kjeld Olesen, Sanne Jensen, Anton Glieder
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-based technologies are powerful, programmable tools for site-directed genome modifications. After successful adaptation and efficient use of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome engineering in methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii , a broader variety of employable endonucleases was desired to increase the experimental flexibility and to provide alternatives in case there are specific legal restrictions in industrial research due to the intellectual property rights (IPRs) of third parties...
March 5, 2024: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535186/stripak-dependent-and-independent-phosphorylation-of-the-sin-kinase-dbf2-controls-fruiting-body-development-and-cytokinesis-during-septation-and-ascospore-formation-in-sordaria-macrospora
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Shariatnasery, Valentina Stein, Ines Teichert, Ulrich Kück
The supramolecular striatin-interacting phosphatases and kinases (STRIPAK) complex is highly conserved in eukaryotes and controls diverse developmental processes in fungi. STRIPAK is genetically and physically linked to the Hippo-related septation initiation network (SIN), which signals through a chain of three kinases, including the terminal nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) family kinase DBF2. Here, we provide evidence for the function of DBF2 during sexual development and vegetative growth of the homothallic ascomycetous model fungus Sordaria macrospora ...
February 26, 2024: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535123/harnessing-next-generation-sequencing-as-a-timely-and-accurate-second-tier-screening-test-for-newborn-screening-of-inborn-errors-of-metabolism
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Toby Chun Hei Chan, Chloe Miu Mak, Matthew Chun Wing Yeung, Eric Chun-Yiu Law, Jana Cheung, Tsz Ki Wong, Vincent Wing-Sang Cheng, Jacky Kwan Ho Lee, Jimmy Chi Lap Wong, Cheuk Wing Fung, Kiran Moti Belaramani, Anne Mei Kwun Kwok, Kwok Yeung Tsang
In this study, we evaluated the implementation of a second-tier genetic screening test using an amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel in our laboratory during the period of 1 September 2021 to 31 August 2022 for the newborn screening (NBS) of six conditions for inborn errors of metabolism: citrullinemia type II (MIM #605814), systemic primary carnitine deficiency (MIM #212140), glutaric acidemia type I (MIM #231670), beta-ketothiolase deficiency (#203750), holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency (MIM #253270) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency (MIM # 246450)...
March 5, 2024: International Journal of Neonatal Screening
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535119/adme-gene-related-pharmacogenomic-labeling-of-fda-approved-drugs-comparison-with-clinical-pharmacogenetics-implementation-consortium-cpic-evidence-levels
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Subrata Deb, Robert Hopefl, Anthony Allen Reeves, Dena Cvetkovic
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) can facilitate the transition to patient-specific drug regimens and thus improve their efficacy and reduce toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the overlap of PGx classification for drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME)-related genes in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) PGx labeling and in the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) database. FDA-approved drugs and PGx labeling for ADME genes were identified in the CPIC database...
February 20, 2024: Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535082/comparison-of-tissue-factors-in-the-ontogenetic-aspects-of-human-cholesteatoma
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristaps Dambergs, Gunta Sumeraga, Māra Pilmane
BACKGROUND: An acquired cholesteatoma is a benign but locally aggressive lesion in the middle ear. It is characterized by chronic inflammation and the destruction of surrounding bone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare defensins HβD-2 and HβD-4; pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-10; proliferation marker Ki-67; transcription factor NF-κβ; angiogenetic factor VEGF; Sonic hedgehog gene protein SHH; and remodeling factors MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and TIMP-4 in adult and pediatric cholesteatoma tissue, and to compare these groups with control skin tissue...
March 21, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534931/real-world-analysis-of-the-clinical-and-economic-impact-of-the-21-gene-recurrence-score-rs-in-invasive-lobular-early-stage-breast-carcinoma-in-ireland
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lynda M McSorley, Mehala Tharmabala, Fathiya Al Rahbi, Fergus Keane, Denis Evoy, James G Geraghty, Jane Rothwell, Damian P McCartan, Megan Greally, Miriam O'Connor, Deirdre O'Mahony, Maccon Keane, Michael John Kennedy, Seamus O'Reilly, Steve J Millen, John P Crown, Catherine M Kelly, Ruth S Prichard, Cecily M Quinn, Janice M Walshe
Background: This study, using real-world data, assesses the impact of RS testing on treatment pathways and the associated economic consequences of such testing. This paper pertains to lobular breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was undertaken between 2011 and 2019 on a cross-section of hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative, lymph node-negative, early-stage breast cancer patients. All patients had ILC and had RS testing in Ireland. The patient population is representative of the national population...
March 1, 2024: Current Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534919/review-on-the-role-of-brca-mutations-in-genomic-screening-and-risk-stratification-of-prostate-cancer
#33
REVIEW
Nikolaos Kalampokis, Christos Zabaftis, Theodoros Spinos, Markos Karavitakis, Ioannis Leotsakos, Ioannis Katafigiotis, Henk van der Poel, Nikolaos Grivas, Dionysios Mitropoulos
(1) Background: Somatic and germline alterations can be commonly found in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. The aim of our present study was to perform a comprehensive review of the current literature in order to examine the impact of BRCA mutations in the context of PCa as well as their significance as genetic biomarkers. (2) Methods: A narrative review of all the available literature was performed. Only "landmark" publications were included. (3) Results: Overall, the number of PCa patients who harbor a BRCA2 mutation range between 1...
February 22, 2024: Current Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534785/cellular-organelle-related-transcriptomic-profile-abnormalities-in-neuronopathic-types-of-mucopolysaccharidosis-a-comparison-with-other-neurodegenerative-diseases
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karolina Wiśniewska, Lidia Gaffke, Magdalena Żabińska, Grzegorz Węgrzyn, Karolina Pierzynowska
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes that catalyze reactions of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) degradation. As a result, GAGs accumulate in lysosomes, impairing the proper functioning of entire cells and tissues. There are 14 types/subtypes of MPS, which are differentiated by the kind(s) of accumulated GAG(s) and the type of a non-functional lysosomal enzyme. Some of these types (severe forms of MPS types I and II, MPS III, and MPS VII) are characterized by extensive central nervous system disorders...
March 21, 2024: Current Issues in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534782/clinical-genomic-analysis-of-1261-patients-with-ehlers-danlos-syndrome-outlines-an-articulo-autonomic-gene-network-entome
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Golder N Wilson, Vijay S Tonk
Systematic evaluation of 80 history and 40 history findings diagnosed 1261 patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) by direct or online interaction, and 60 key findings were selected for their relation to clinical mechanisms and/or management. Genomic testing results in 566 of these patients supported EDS relevance by their differences from those in 82 developmental disability patients and by their association with general rather than type-specific EDS findings. The 437 nuclear and 79 mitochondrial DNA changes included 71 impacting joint matrix (49 COL5 ), 39 bone (30 COL1/2/9/11 ), 22 vessel (12 COL3/8VWF) , 43 vessel-heart (17 FBN1 /11 TGFB / BR) , 59 muscle (28 COL6/12 ), 56 neural (16 SCN9A / 10A / 11A ), and 74 autonomic (13 POLG /25porphyria related)...
March 19, 2024: Current Issues in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534772/5-aza-upregulates-socs3-and-ptpn6-shp1-inhibiting-stat3-and-potentiating-the-effects-of-ag490-against-primary-effusion-lymphoma-cells
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michele Di Crosta, Andrea Arena, Rossella Benedetti, Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani, Mara Cirone
Epigenetic modifications, including aberrant DNA methylation occurring at the promoters of oncogenes and oncosuppressor genes and histone modifications, can contribute to carcinogenesis. Aberrant methylation mediated by histone methylatransferases, alongside histones, can affect methylation of proteins involved in the regulation of pro-survival pathways such as JAK/STAT and contribute to their activation. In this study, we used DNA or histone demethylating agents, 5-Azacytidine (5-AZA) or DS-3201 (valemetostat), respectively, to treat primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells, alone or in combination with AG490, a Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor...
March 14, 2024: Current Issues in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534710/phenotypic-and-genotypic-characterization-of-pan-drug-resistant-klebsiella-pneumoniae-isolated-in-qatar
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mazen A Sid Ahmed, Jemal M Hamid, Ahmed M M Hassan, Sulieman Abu Jarir, Emad Bashir Ibrahim, Hamad Abdel Hadi
In secondary healthcare, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CREs), such as those observed in Klebsiella pneumoniae , are a global public health priority with significant clinical outcomes. In this study, we described the clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of three pan-drug-resistant (PDR) isolates that demonstrated extended resistance to conventional and novel antimicrobials. All patients had risk factors for the acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms, while microbiological susceptibility testing showed resistance to all conventional antimicrobials...
March 19, 2024: Antibiotics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534697/post-covid-19-pandemic-rebound-of-macrolide-resistant-mycoplasma-pneumoniae-infection-a-descriptive-study
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fan-Fan Xing, Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu, Chao-Wen Deng, Hai-Yan Ye, Lin-Lin Sun, Yong-Xian Su, Hui-Jun Cai, Simon Kam-Fai Lo, Lei Rong, Jian-Liang Chen, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, David Christopher Lung, Siddharth Sridhar, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung, Kwok-Yung Yuen
The rebound characteristics of respiratory infections after lifting pandemic control measures were uncertain. From January to November 2023, patients presenting at a teaching hospital were tested for common respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae using a combination of antigen, nucleic acid amplification, and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) tests. The number and rate of positive tests per month, clinical and microbiological characteristics were analyzed. A rapid rebound of SARS-CoV-2 was followed by a slower rebound of M...
March 15, 2024: Antibiotics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534694/detection-of-extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-esbl-producing-enterobacteriaceae-from-diseased-broiler-chickens-in-lusaka-district-zambia
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chikwanda Chileshe, Misheck Shawa, Nelson Phiri, Joseph Ndebe, Cynthia Sipho Khumalo, Chie Nakajima, Masahiro Kajihara, Hideaki Higashi, Hirofumi Sawa, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Walter Muleya, Bernard Mudenda Hang'ombe
Poultry products in Zambia form an integral part of the human diet in many households, as they are cheap and easy to produce. The burden of poultry diseases has, however, remained a major challenge. Growing consumer demand for poultry products in Zambia has resulted in non-prudent antimicrobial use on farms, intending to prevent and treat poultry diseases for growth optimisation and maximising profits. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the different types of bacteria causing diseases in chickens in Lusaka and to detect the extended-spectrum lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes...
March 15, 2024: Antibiotics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534682/in-vitro-microevolution-and-co-selection-assessment-of-amoxicillin-and-cefotaxime-impact-on-escherichia-coli-resistance-development
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ádám Kerek, Bence Török, Levente Laczkó, Zoltán Somogyi, Gábor Kardos, Krisztián Bányai, Eszter Kaszab, Krisztina Bali, Ákos Jerzsele
The global spread of antimicrobial resistance has become a prominent issue in both veterinary and public health in the 21st century. The extensive use of amoxicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, and consequent resistance development are particularly alarming in food-producing animals, with a focus on the swine and poultry sectors. Another beta-lactam, cefotaxime, is widely utilized in human medicine, where the escalating resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins is a major concern. The aim of this study was to simulate the development of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, focusing on amoxicillin and cefotaxime...
March 7, 2024: Antibiotics
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