Sprue

To enhance the performance of ultra-high voltage power fittings in severe weather conditions without altering their current structure, the high-strength and toughness aluminum alloys were rationally selected to study the optimization of the die-casting process. This approach aims to improve the overall longevity and function of the power fittings in extreme climates. First of all, the propose of this study is to use the material's strength-toughness product (STP) concept to evaluate the material stability of the power fitting impact resistance and fatigue toughness in order to determine the appropriate material selection...

Emerging evidence has shed light on non-celiac causes of enteropathy in recent years, presenting a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. This study discusses the diagnostic challenges related to non-celiac enteropathy, specifically focusing on olmesartan-induced enteropathy (OIE). A 73-year-old lady presented to the emergency department with a six-month history of watery diarrhea exacerbated by food intake and significant weight loss. The patient at admission was found to be dehydrated with severe hypokalemia and hypocalcemia...

BACKGROUND: Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggested that gut microbiota-based therapies may be effective in treating autoimmune diseases, but a systematic summary is lacking. METHODS: Pubmed, EMbase, Sinomed, and other databases were searched for RCTs related to the treatment of autoimmune diseases with probiotics from inception to June 2022. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis after 2 investigators independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies...

In India, the COVID-19 vaccination for adolescents aged 15-17 years has been started since January 2022. Gluten enteropathy, also known as celiac or nontropical sprue, can arise as an autoimmune disease of the small intestines. We report a 15-year-old female with a history of allergy to gluten-containing products who came for the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccination to adult vaccination OPD at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur. After taking a detailed history, she had an allergy to gluten-containing products for five years...

Chronic diarrhea is a common disorder in tropical regions, affecting residents, visitors, and even expatriates. It may stem from a myriad of infectious, inflammatory, and even malignant causes. In patients in whom no etiology has been found, tropical sprue (TS) is an important diagnosis to consider. We report the case of a 60-year-old man originally from Guatemala, presenting with chronic diarrhea and megaloblastic anemia due to severe vitamin B12 deficiency. Biopsies of the small bowel revealed partial villous atrophy and inflammatory infiltrate with the participation of eosinophils...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents with coeliac disease (CD), and their parents. METHODS: We re-evaluated prospectively the HRQoL and clinical characteristics of 80 families, assessed 5 years earlier, using a disease-specific questionnaire, the CD Dutch Questionnaire (CDDUX), and a generic questionnaire, the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). RESULTS: After a 10-year follow-up, there was no significant change in the total CDDUX and PedsQL scores in children and their parents when compared to the evaluation conducted 5 years earlier...

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a broad spectrum of histological damage to the intestinal mucosa. Comprehension and understanding of the association between anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibody levels and the histological severity of celiac disease are not well established, prompting the need for meta-analysis. This study aims to offer insights into the diagnostic abilities of anti-tTG antibody levels in determining the histological severity of celiac disease by providing quantitative evidence based on a diverse range of studies...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Celiac disease (CeD) is mainly reported from the northern and western parts of India. In central India, it is believed to be a disease of children, with limited data among adults diagnosed for the first time after the age of 18 years. Hence, we aimed to describe CeD's clinical and demographic features among adults and children/adolescents in central India. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of all patients diagnosed for CeD from 2010 to 2019...

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) is based on positive IgA autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase (TTG IgA) and confirmatory histopathology demonstrating duodenal villus atrophy (VA). Diagnostic challenges can occur when VA is found on duodenal biopsies in patients without prior CD serologies. AIMS: To characterize the predictors of CD seropositivity in patients with VA on biopsy without prior CD serologies. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients found to have duodenal VA on histopathology from 2010 to 2020 who did not have prior CD serologies measured and who had them checked after their biopsy...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The incidence of celiac disease (CD) has increased over the last decades in part due to better disease awareness. Small bowel ultrasound (sb US) enables dynamic assessment of the bowel; although this topic has been addressed, the use of sb US in the diagnosis and in the follow-up of CD patients is limited to a few specialized tertiary referral centers. Herein, we aimed at summarizing the available literature on this topic to better define the potential clinical implications of sb US in CD, also through a comparison with other available diagnostic techniques...

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INTRODUCTION: We present a clinical case of a 45-year-old man with recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and multiple hospital admissions due to severe infectious conditions. A newfound hypoalbuminemia raised the suspicion of a protein-losing condition, with an upper endoscopy revealing lesions at the D2 level compatible with coeliac sprue and HLA typing positive for both DQ-2 and DQ-8. METHODS: A gluten free diet was started and apixaban was suspended. RESULTS: No new complications were reported...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of primary caretakers (PCTs) with a child diagnosed with celiac disease (CeD). There is paucity of research in understanding the experiences of PCTs of children with CeD in India. METHODS: Purposive sampling was used to select PCTs of CeD-affected children from a tertiary hospital in New Delhi. Ten PCTs took part in the investigation. To gather the data, semi-structured interviews were held with participants...

Olmesartan is a commonly used antihypertensive medication belonging to the class of angiotensin II receptor blockers. Though generally well-tolerated, olmesartan can rarely cause olmesartan-associated enteropathy (OAE) with non-bloody diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Patients may develop enteropathy months to years after drug initiation. In severe cases, patients may develop complications that require hospitalization. Diagnosis is often delayed due to unfamiliarity of OAE, nonspecific presenting symptoms, and normal-appearing gross endoscopic findings...

BACKGROUND: Sprue-like enteropathy (SE) related to olmesartan use was first reported in 2012. In 2017, the manufacturer of Benicar paid $300 million for 2300 claims for olmesartan-related SE. OBJECTIVE: A study in 2019 suggested that SE was related to olmesartan and with the possibility of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) class effect. To further characterize this condition, our group examined reports of ARB-related SE to Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)...

AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the aetiology of severe duodenal mucosal abnormality in consecutive patients who underwent gastroscopy and duodenal biopsy over the past 10 years. BACKGROUND: A range of differential diagnoses have been reported for severe duodenal architectural distortion. METHODS: Clinical and laboratory data of all the patients with severe duodenal architectural distortion diagnosed at MidCentral District Health Board (DHB), New Zealand were collected and statistically analysed...

Almost a half-century ago, an unusual and distinct form of colitis was first recognized, collagenous colitis, characterized by sub-epithelial trichrome-positive deposits having the ultrastructural features of collagen. Later, other reports documented more extensive collagenous dis-ease in these patients, sometimes in the stomach and small bowel, a close linkage with other forms of microscopic colitis and its association with celiac and other immune-mediated diseases. Moreover, emerging genetic methods permitted large studies of collagenous colitis to complement these intriguing clinical and pathological studies...

Prolyl endopeptidases from Sphingomonas capsulata (SC PEP) has attracted much attention as promising oral therapy candidate for celiac sprue, however, its low stability in the gastric environment leads to unsatisfactory clinical results. Therefore, improving its stability against pepsin digestion at low pH is crucial for clinical applications, but challenging. In this study, machine learning and physical parameter model were combined to design SC PEP mutants. After iterations, 20 mutants had higher hydrolysis activity in stomach environment, which was up to 14...

Patients with olmesartan-induced enteropathy, a rare illness, frequently endure prolonged diarrhea and weight loss with no apparent cause. Because this adverse event's clinical and histological characteristics mimic those of other small intestine illnesses, it can be challenging to recognize it in a timely manner. We report a case of olmesartan-induced enteropathy in a 58-year-old male who had been on olmesartan for several years. Recently, during his travel to Greece, he developed diarrhea lasting several weeks...

Our current understanding of tropical sprue is that it is a malabsorption syndrome that responds to treatment with folic acid and a broad spectra antibiotic. This realization came only after countless years of research by legions of investigators. Twenty-seven individual studies on various aspects of tropical sprue were published in the Puerto Rico Journal of Public Health and Tropical Medicine from 1925 to 1949. This article summarizes significant findings, presented chronologically, and speculates on the direction of future investigations into tropical sprue...