Drug hypersensitivity

<u> <i/> </u>Although psychedelic and hallucinogenic substances have gained popularity for therapeutic use, their dermatologic adverse effects are poorly characterized. This review characterizes the cutaneous reactions associated with psychedelic and hallucinogenic drugs. A review of PubMed and Scopus was conducted from the inception of databases to August 31, 2023. Search terms included drug names and classes (cannabis, MDMA, ecstasy, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, psychedelics, hallucinogens, peyote, marijuana, lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, ketamine, dimethyltryptamine, DMT, phencyclidine, PCP, dextromethorphan, psilocybin, and ayahuasca), and dermatosis terms (dermatitis, contact dermatitis, drug eruption, skin reaction, and urticaria)...

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BACKGROUND: Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome is a severe adverse drug reaction marked by delayed hypersensitivity reactions causing skin and systemic complications. DRESS diagnosis is challenging due to the variety of clinical presentations and symptom overlap with other conditions. The perioperative period in these patients requires precise pharmacological strategies to prevent complications associated with this syndrome. The treatment of DRESS induced by unfractionated heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery presents some challenges that must be considered when selecting an anticoagulant to avoid side effects...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Historically, systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD) primarily consisted of immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids and Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDS), which provided symptomatic relief but often had long-term adverse effects. Newer treatments have shown significant efficacy with less side effects in clinical trials. This review discusses and compares conventional and newer systemic treatments for AD. RECENT FINDINGS: Newer medications for AD including dupilumab, tralokinumab, lebrikizumab, and oral JAK inhibitors have been shown to be safe and efficacious...

BACKGROUND: Penicillin "allergy" labels are prevalent but frequently misdiagnosed. Mislabelled allergies are associated with adverse outcomes and increased antimicrobial resistance. With an urgent need to delabel the overwhelming number of mislabelled allergies, non-allergist evaluations have been advocated for low-risk individuals. Despite growing interest in non-allergist-led initiatives; evidence on their effectiveness, safety, and impact by direct comparisons are lacking. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the comparative outcomes of penicillin allergy evaluations conducted by allergists vs...

Particulate matter (PM) significantly contributes to the global health crisis of respiratory diseases. It is known to induce and exacerbate conditions such as asthma and respiratory infections. Long exposure to PM can increase the risk of combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS). Although therapeutic drugs can be used to improve symptoms of respiratory diseases caused by PM, their usage is often accompanied by side effects. Therefore, many studies are being conducted to discover functional food materials that can more effectively treat respiratory diseases while minimizing the side effects of these therapeutic drugs...

BACKGROUND: Drug hypersensitivity is a major global public health issue with a significant increase in prevalence in populations. Here, we provide a deep insight into the frontier hotspot and future direction in the field of drug hypersensitivity. METHODS: A knowledge map is portrayed based on publications related to drug hypersensitivity from Web of Science Core Collection using CiteSpace. Co-occurrence relationships of countries, institutes, authors, journals, references, and keywords are constructed...

Specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms combined with certain drug administration strongly correlate with skin eruption. Abacavir hypersensitivity (AHS), which is strongly associated with HLA-B*57:01, is one of the most representative examples. Conventionally, HLA transmits immunological signals via interactions with T cell receptors on the cell surface. This study focused on HLA-mediated intracellular reactions in keratinocytes that might determine the onset of skin immunotoxicity by drug treatments...

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenesis is an inevitable global threat to healthcare that drastically increases morbidity and mortality. Cancer is a fatal pathological condition that affects people of different ages, sexes, and races around the world. In addition to the detrimental cancer pathology, one of the most common contraindications and challenges observed in cancer patients is severe adverse drug effects and hypersensitivity reactions induced by chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced cognitive neurotoxicity is clinically referred to as Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), chemobrain, or chemofog...

INTRODUCTION: Two distinct chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) endotypes, IgE-mediated autoallergic and IgG-mediated autoimmune, were defined based on the response patterns to omalizumab. However, the coexistence of IgE and IgG autoantibodies in a subset of patients might complicate the prediction of the treatment outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of omalizumab in CSU patients, focusing on the factors predicting the response patterns. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional single-center study investigating CSU patients treated with omalizumab for at least 6 months between September 2015 and February 2023...

Network pharmacology was employed to probe into the mechanism of Fushen Granules in treating peritoneal dialysis-rela-ted peritonitis(PDRP) in rats. The main active components of Fushen Granules were searched against the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, and their targets were predicted. PDRP-related targets were retrieved from DisGeNET and other databases. The common targets shared by the drug and the disease were identified by the online tool, and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network of the common targets...

INTRODUCTION: Different active and passive strategies have been developed to fight against pathogenic bacteria. Those actions are undertaken to reduce the bacterial burden while minimizing the possibilities to develop not only antimicrobial resistance but also antimicrobial side-effects such as allergic or hypersensitivity reactions. AREAS COVERED: We have reviewed preclinical results that evidence that targeted antimicrobial therapies outperform non-targeted ones...

Oral delivery of chemotherapy drugs is the most favorable and preferred route of drug administration. However, because of poor solubility and/or permeability, most chemotherapy drugs are given by intravenous administration. Docetaxel (DTX) is a potent chemotherapy drug that inhibits microtubular depolymerization and is widely used to treat numerous cancers. DTX is highly lipophilic and insoluble in water; thus, 50% polysorbate 80, which may cause hypersensitivity reactions and reduce drug uptake by tumor tissue, is used in the commercial DTX injection to dissolve DTX...

Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) is known to cause drug-related pneumonitis, which has been described as "hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP)". However, its clinical and pathological characteristics have never been reported. We retrospectively evaluated 18 patients treated with ALIS. Three (16.7%) patients developed HP-pattern pneumonitis on high-resolution computed tomography. Serum eosinophil counts were elevated up to above 1000/μL in these three patients, which decreased with ALIS discontinuation only...

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Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) to platinum-based compounds (PCs) are on the rise, and their personalized and safe management is essential to enable first-line treatment for these cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the basophil activation test by flow cytometry (BAT-FC) and the newly developed sIgE-microarray and BAT-microarray in diagnosing IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to PCs. A total of 24 patients with DHRs to PCs (20 oxaliplatin and four carboplatin) were evaluated: thirteen patients were diagnosed as allergic with positive skin tests (STs) or drug provocation tests (DPTs), six patients were diagnosed as non-allergic with negative STs and DPTs, and five patients were classified as suspected allergic because DPTs could not be performed...

Despite significant progress in modern medicine and pharmacology, damage to the nervous system with various etiologies still poses a challenge to doctors and scientists. Injuries lead to neuroimmunological changes in the central nervous system (CNS), which may result in both secondary damage and the development of tactile and thermal hypersensitivity. In our review, based on the analysis of many experimental and clinical studies, we indicate that the mechanisms occurring both at the level of the brain after direct damage and at the level of the spinal cord after peripheral nerve damage have a common immunological basis...

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials investigating drugs for acute treatment of hereditary angioedema attacks have assessed many different outcomes. This heterogeneity limits comparability of trial results and may lead to selective outcome reporting bias and a high burden on trial participants. OBJECTIVE: To achieve consensus on a Core Outcome Set comprising key outcomes that should ideally be utilized in all clinical efficacy trials involving acute treatment of hereditary angioedema attacks...

Allergic reactions to drugs caused by piperacillin-tazobactam are common in clinical practice. However, we also found a few cases of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS)/Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) caused by piperacillin-tazobactam in our clinical work. We report a case of a 60-year-old female patient who was treated with piperacillin-tazobactam anti-infective therapy after the diagnosis of hematogenous lung abscess, developed fever, rash, and blood abnormalities after 26 days of application, and was later diagnosed as DIHS, which was improved after the administration of glucocorticoid and anti-allergic drugs...

INTRODUCTION: Drug-induced lichen planus is a cutaneous adverse effect that manifests as a systemic eruption of flat-topped, erythematous, or violaceous papules resembling lichen planus on the trunk and extremities. Although antitubercular therapy has been linked to cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, the literature on such cases is scarce. Here, we present a case to contribute to this field, reporting on its presentation and management, and reviewing previous case studies. CASE REPORT: Our patient, a 63-year-old male, presented with black pigmented patches on the skin, having been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and on antitubercular therapy for the past two months...