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This study investigated the effect of four days low energy availability (LEA) on physiological markers and mood states in male endurance runners. Twelve participants (mean (standard deviation)); age: 25.8 (3.8) years; fat free mass (FFM): 52.8 (5.5) kg) completed three 4-day conditions: Adequate Energy Availability, AEA: 45 kcal/kgFFM/day; LEA1: 30 kcal/kgFFM/day; and LEA2: 15 kcal/kgFFM/day), in a randomized order. Participants ran on a treadmill at 65% of V̇O2max until they expended 15 kcal/kg FFM/day of energy...

Aqueous zinc-iodine batteries (AZIBs) are attracting increasing attention because of their high safety and abundance of resources. However, the performance of AZIBs is compromised by inadequate confinement of soluble polyiodides, the undesired shuttle effect, and slow reaction kinetics. In this study, a porous aromatic framework (PAF) with abundant benzene motifs and a well-organized pore structure is adopted as the iodine host, which exhibits high iodine adsorption capacity and robust polyiodide confinement...

Early menarche has been associated with adverse health outcomes, such as depressive symptoms. Discovering effect modifiers across these conditions in the pediatric population is a constant challenge. We tested whether movement behaviours modified the effect of the association between early menarche and depression symptoms among adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 2,031 females aged 15 to 19 years across all Brazilian geographic regions. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire; 30...

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for delineating cancerous lesions in soft tissue. Catheter-based interventions require the accurate placement of multiple long, flexible catheters at the target site. The manual segmentation of catheters in MR images is a challenging and time-consuming task. There is a need for automated catheter segmentation to improve the efficiency of MR-guided procedures. PURPOSE: To develop and assess a machine learning algorithm for the detection of multiple catheters in magnetic resonance images used during catheter-based interventions...

OBJECTIVES: Perceived Organizational Support (POS) represents the extent to which employees believe their organization values their contributions and well-being. While higher POS is associated with increased work engagement and learning motivation, the intricacies of this relationship, especially the mediation by Occupational Future Time Perspective (OFTP), are not well understood. METHODS: We conducted an online survey of 2,046 working individuals aged 20-69 to assess the relationships between POS and two outcome variables, Learning Goal Orientation (LGO), and work engagement with multiple regression analyses for all ages and in the younger age group (under 45)...

OBJECTIVES: Police officials' stressful and physically demanding activities were reported with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study explored the prevalence of CVD risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and overweight among police officials in Kerala, India. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 police officials in selected police stations in the Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala. The World Health Organization STEPs questionnaire for non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance was used to collect information...

BACKGROUND: Disease or injury may cause a change in the biomechanical properties of the lungs, which can alter lung function. Image registration can be used to measure lung ventilation and quantify volume change, which can be a useful diagnostic aid. However, lung registration is a challenging problem because of the variation in deformation along the lungs, sliding motion of the lungs along the ribs, and change in density. PURPOSE: Landmark correspondences have been used to make deformable image registration robust to large displacements...

We demonstrate the low-temperature operation of solid-state lithium metal batteries (LMBs) through the development of a fluorinated and plastic-crystal-embedded elastomeric electrolyte (F-PCEE). The F-PCEE is formed via polymerization-induced phase separation between the polymer matrix and plastic crystal phase, offering a high mechanical strain (∼300%) and ionic conductivity (∼0.23 mS cm-1 ) at -10 °C. Notably, strong phase separation between two phases leads to the selective distribution of lithium (Li) salts within the plastic crystal phase, enabling superior elasticity and high ionic conductivity at low temperatures...

BACKGROUND: Equity-deserving groups face well-known health disparities that are exacerbated by rural residence. Health technologies have shown promise in reducing disparities among these groups, but there has been no comprehensive evidence synthesis of outcomes. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the patient, healthcare, and economic outcomes of health technology applications with rural living equity-deserving groups. RESEARCH DESIGN: The databases searched included Medline and Embase...

OBJECTIVE: Up to one-third of older adults with type 1 diabetes experience impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH), yet the factors associated with IAH remain underexplored in older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This post hoc analysis evaluated the clinical and glycemic correlates of IAH in adults ≥60 years old with type 1 diabetes in the WISDM study. IAH and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH) were defined by a Clarke score of ≥4 or <4, respectively...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder that affects nearly half a billion people around the world and causes millions of deaths annually. Treatment of diabetes or related complications represents an economic burden not only for developing countries but also for the developed ones. Hence, new efficient therapeutic and preventive strategies and screening tools are necessary. The current work aimed to assess the potential association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) rs10096097, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) rs6740584, and v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MafA) rs62521874 genes with type 2 DM susceptibility in Egyptians...

BACKGROUND: The relationship between 24-hour rest-activity rhythms (RARs) and risk for dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains an area of growing interest. Previous studies were often limited by small sample sizes, short follow-ups, and older participants. More studies are required to fully explore the link between disrupted RARs and dementia or MCI in middle-aged and older adults. OBJECTIVE: We leveraged the UK Biobank data to examine how RAR disturbances correlate with the risk of developing dementia and MCI in middle-aged and older adults...

BACKGROUND: A plethora of weight management apps are available, but many individuals, especially those living with overweight and obesity, still struggle to achieve adequate weight loss. An emerging area in weight management is the support for one's self-regulation over momentary eating impulses. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel artificial intelligence-assisted weight management app in improving eating behaviors in a Southeast Asian cohort...

OBJECTIVE: Preclinical research implicates hypothalamic inflammation (HI) in obesity and type 2 diabetes pathophysiology. However, their pathophysiological relevance and potential reversibility need to be better defined. We sought to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery (BS) on radiological biomarkers of HI and the association between the severity of such radiological alterations and post-BS weight loss (WL) trajectories. The utility of cerebrospinal fluid large extracellular vesicles (CSF-lEVs) enriched for microglial and astrocyte markers in studying HI was also explored...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/49133.].

BACKGROUND: Substance misuse presents significant global public health challenges. Understanding transitions between substance types and the timing of shifts to polysubstance use is vital to developing effective prevention and recovery strategies. The gateway hypothesis suggests that high-risk substance use is preceded by lower-risk substance use. However, the source of this correlation is hotly contested. While some claim that low-risk substance use causes subsequent, riskier substance use, most people using low-risk substances also do not escalate to higher-risk substances...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We present our experience in the management of symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas with epidural extension (SVHEE) using spine stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS). METHODS: An Institutional Review Board approved retrospective review of all SVHEE patients treated with SSRS at our institution (2007-2022) was performed. Baseline patient demographics, clinical presentation, lesion volume, and Bilsky grade (to directly evaluate the epidural component) were determined...

Adult health outcomes are linked to childhood factors such as socioeconomic status via cultural health capital (CHC). Specifically, these factors shape opportunities for developing skills for navigating health environments via experience and the intergenerational transfer of health-related knowledge and skills. Health literacy (HL) is considered a part of and/or result of CHC. HL develops similarly to CHC via opportunities and experiences. Most research to date has ignored the effect of childhood factors on adult HL...

BACKGROUND: Research indicates that the effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) physical distancing mandates is influenced by several individual factors, including health literacy; internal health locus of control (IHLOC), the belief that physical distancing can reduce COVID-19 risk; social norms; self-efficacy; and perceptions of the benefits and barriers associated with distancing. However, further investigation is needed to understand the links between these factors and compliance intentions...