"Extracellular fluid"

Pancreatic cystic disease, including duct dilation, represents precursor states towards the development of pancreatic cancer, a form of malignancy with relatively low incidence but high mortality. While most of these cysts (>85%) are benign, the remainder can progress over time, leading to malignant transformation, invasion, and metastasis. Cytologic diagnosis is challenging, limited by the paucity or complete absence of cells representative of cystic lesions and fibrosis. Molecular analysis of fluids collected from endoscopic-guided fine-needle aspiration of pancreatic cysts and dilated duct lesions can be used to evaluate the risk of progression to malignancy...

Background Pneumonia is a condition characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma. It is one of the leading causes of mortality in children below five years of age. While predominantly prevalent in developing countries, it is also associated with significant healthcare-associated costs in developed countries. Among the many risk factors for childhood pneumonia, incomplete immunization, nonexclusive breastfeeding for less than six months, delayed weaning, poor household air quality, malnutrition, and low birth weight are the most commonly found...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Potassium (K+ ) is an essential electrolyte that plays a key role in many physiological process, including mineralcorticoid action, systemic blood-pressure regulation, as well as hormone secretion and action. Indeed, maintaining K+ balance is critical for normal cell function, as too high or too low K+ levels can have serious and potentially deadly health consequences. K+ homeostasis is achieved by an intricate balance between the intracellular and extracellular fluid as well as balance between K+ intake and excretion...

OBJECTIVE: Skeletal muscle plasticity and remodeling are critical for adapting tissue function to use, disuse, and regeneration. The aim of this study was to identify genes and molecular pathways that regulate the transition from atrophy to compensatory hypertrophy or recovery from injury. Here, we have used a mouse model of hindlimb unloading and reloading, which causes skeletal muscle atrophy, and compensatory regeneration and hypertrophy, respectively. METHODS: We analyzed mouse skeletal muscle at the transition from hindlimb unloading to reloading for changes in transcriptome and extracellular fluid proteome...

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited disease characterized by progressive degeneration of the skeletal muscles. Renal dysfunction in patients with DMD has recently become more apparent as life expectancy has increased owing to advances in respiratory devices and heart failure therapies. A 23-year-old man with DMD who required nasal tube feeding was referred to our hospital with a 4-month history of renal dysfunction and anemia. The patient's serum creatinine (sCr) level was within the normal range (0...

Authors have expressed reservations regarding the use of base deficit on umbilical artery blood samples to assess fetal well-being during the course of labor and predict neonatal neurological morbidity. Despite its integration into clinical practice for over fifty years, obstetricians and maternal fetal medicine specialists may not realize that this marker has significant limitations in accurately assess identifying neonatal metabolic acidosis as a proxy of fetal well-being. In brief, there are two large family of base deficit: whole blood and extracellular fluid...

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatments such as lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) are widely used in addition to conservative treatment of secondary lymphedema. However, their indications and effectiveness for primary lymphedema are unclear. This study aims to objectively demonstrate the effectiveness of LVA for adult-onset primary lymphedema from various perspectives. METHODS: We retrospectively examined patients with primary lower limb lymphedema who underwent LVA between January 2018 and December 2021 and were 21 or older...

BACKGROUND: Microcirculatory variations have been observed in the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of individuals affected by cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). These variations collectively possess the potential to trigger neuroinflammation and edema, ultimately leading to an elevation in extracellular fluid (ECF). Nevertheless, the specific alterations in ECF within the NAWM of CSVD patients have remained inadequately understood. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical and imaging characteristics of a cohort comprising 129 patients diagnosed with CSVD to investigate alterations in the ECF within NAWM...

BACKGROUND: The thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) is the major apical sodium transporter located in the mammalian renal distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The amount of sodium reabsorbed in the DCT through NCC plays an important role in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure. Dopamine and its receptors constitute a renal antihypertensive system in mammals. The disruption of Drd4 in mice causes kidney-related hypertension. However, the pathogenesis of D4R-deficiency associated hypertension is not well documented...

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the effects of endocrine therapy and related drugs on the body composition and bone metabolism of patients with breast cancer. Additionally, using body composition-related indicators in machine learning algorithms, the risks of osteoporosis in patients with breast cancer and healthy women were predicted. METHODS: We enrolled postmenopausal patients with breast cancer who were hospitalized in a tertiary hospital and postmenopausal women undergoing health checkups in our hospital between 2019 and 2021...

Due to the acidic tumor microenvironment caused by metabolic changes in tumor cells, the accurate pH detection of extracellular fluid is helpful for doctors in precise tumor resection. The combination of Raman spectroscopy and deep learning provides a solution for pH detection. However, most existing studies use one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNNs) for spectral analysis, which limits the performance due to insufficient feature extraction. In this work, we propose a 2D triple-branch feature fusion network (TriFNet) for accurate pH determination using surface-enhanced Raman spectra (SERS)...

Information exchange between neurons and astrocytes mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) is known to play a key role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases. A key driver of epilepsy is the dysregulation of intersynaptic excitatory neurotransmitters mediated by astrocytes. Thus, we investigated the potential association between neuronal EV microRNAs (miRNAs) and astrocyte glutamate uptake ability in epilepsy. Here, we showed that astrocytes were able to engulf epileptogenic neuronal EVs, inducing a significant increase in the glutamate concentration in the extracellular fluid of astrocytes, which was linked to a decrease in glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) protein expression...

BACKGROUND: Opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy is associated with high mortality rates and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Buprenorphine, an opioid, is used to treat OUD and NOWS. Buprenorphine active metabolite (norbuprenorphine) can cross the placenta and cause neonatal respiratory depression (EC50 = 35 ng/mL) at high brain extracellular fluid (bECF) levels. Neonatal therapeutic drug monitoring using saliva decreases the likelihood of distress and infections associated with frequent blood sampling...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

It has been known for some time that Carbonic Anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) plays a complex role in vascular function, and in the regulation of vascular tone. Clinically employed CA inhibitors (CAIs) are used primarily to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma, and also to affect retinal blood flow and oxygen saturation. CAIs have been shown to dilate vessels and increase blood flow in both the cerebral and ocular vasculature. Similar effects of CAIs on vascular function have been observed in the liver, brain and kidney, while vessels in abdominal muscle and the stomach are unaffected...

Macropinocytosis, an evolutionarily conserved endocytic pathway, mediates nonselective bulk uptake of extracellular fluid. It is the primary route for axenic Dictyostelium cells to obtain nutrients and has also emerged as a nutrient-scavenging pathway for mammalian cells. How cells adjust macropinocytic activity in various physiological or developmental contexts remains to be elucidated. We discovered that, in Dictyostelium cells, the transcription factors Hbx5 and MybG form a functional complex in the nucleus to maintain macropinocytic activity during the growth stage...

Small non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) control the expression of genes post-transcriptionally. Their correlation with commercial economic traits including milk, meat and egg production, as well as their effective role in animal productivity, fertility, embryo survival and disease resistance, make them significant in livestock research. The miRNAs exhibit distinct spatial and temporal expression patterns, offering insights into their functional roles within cells and tissues. Aberrant miRNA production can disrupt vital cellular processes and genetic networks, contributing to conditions like metabolic disorders and viral diseases...

Osmotic gradients over cell membranes lead to water movement into or out of cells. An intact osmoregulation prevents osmotic gradients, thereby protecting cells from swelling or shrinking. Na+ is the major cation in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and the major determinant of the osmolarity in the ECF, including plasma. Therefore, the plasma-Na+ concentration needs to be tightly regulated. An excess of electrolyte-free water decreases the concentration of osmolytes leading to hyponatremia. In contrast, a free water deficit increases the osmolyte concentration leading to hypernatremia...

OBJECTIVE: To compare bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived parameters in healthy volunteers and critically ill patients and to assess its prognostic value in an ICU patient cohort. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational data analysis. SETTING: Single centre, tertiary-level ICU (Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, ZNA Stuivenberg Hospital). PATIENTS: 101 patients and 101 healthy subjects, participants of International Fluid Academy Days...