Retinal disease

AIM: To assess effectivity and safety of trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and capsular tension rings in treating cataract patients with axial high myopia. METHODS: A prospective nonrandomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. Totally 98 eyes (74 patients) who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) with trifocal IOLs were enrolled in the study and followed up for 2y after surgery: 46 eyes (33 patients) with capsular tension ring implantation in the long axial lengths (AL) group (26<AL<29 mm) and 52 eyes (41 patients) in the normal AL group (22<AL<24...

AIM: To assess the necessity of neuroimaging in patients with neurological or atypical findings of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) who do not exhibit typical glaucoma manifestations. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 90 atypical NTG patients who underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to atypical symptoms. The demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, and radiological findings were recorded. RESULTS: Among the patients, 66...

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is a rare fundus disease, characterized by acute vision loss and visual field defects. Many previous studies have explained the possible pathogenesis and clinical features of primary MEWDS. However, as the number of reported cases increases, secondary MEWDS occurs in other related retinal diseases and injuries, exhibiting some special characteristics. The associated retinal diseases include multifocal choroiditis/punctate inner choroidopathy (MFC/PIC), acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, best vitelliform macular dystrophy, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, and ocular toxoplasmosis...

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of scleral buckling for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) using a novel foldable capsular buckle (FCB). METHODS: This was a series of case observation studies. Eighteen patients (18 eyes) who visited our ophthalmology department between August 2020 and August 2022 and were treated for RRD with scleral buckling using FCB were included. The procedure was similar to conventional scleral buckling, while a balloon-like FCB was placed onto the retinal break with balanced salt solution filling for a broad, external indentation instead of the silicone buckle...

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of pneumatic retinopexy (PR) in patients undergoing PR as primary treatment for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and analyze the factors associated with success and failure in the studied population. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was done of patients with RRD treated with PR as primary management method treated at New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai between January 2017 and December 2021. Primary outcome measured success or failure of PR...

AIM: To establish a classification for congenital cataracts that can facilitate individualized treatment and help identify individuals with a high likelihood of different visual outcomes. METHODS: Consecutive patients diagnosed with congenital cataracts and undergoing surgery between January 2005 and November 2021 were recruited. Data on visual outcomes and the phenotypic characteristics of ocular biometry and the anterior and posterior segments were extracted from the patients' medical records...

AIM: To evaluate the effect of background diseases and number of previous intravitreal aflibercept injections (IVAIs) on immediate intraocular pressure (IOP) increase and vitreous reflux (VR) rate and to evaluate the correlation of both age and axial length with immediate IOP increase and VR rate. METHODS: This study included 105 patients with cystoid macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, 35 patients with diabetic macular edema, 69 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), and 12 patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization, which underwent first-time IVAI...

AIM: To identify the differential methylation sites (DMS) and their according genes associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) development in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) children. METHODS: This study consists of two surveys. A total of 40 T1DM children was included in the first survey. Because no participant has DR, retina thinning was used as a surrogate indicator for DR. The lowest 25% participants with the thinnest macular retinal thickness were included into the case group, and the others were controls...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) features of exudative retinal detachment (ERD) type and optic disc (OD) swelling type Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. METHODS: Hospitalized VKH patients were retrospectively reviewed and classified into the ERD type and the OD swelling type. The EDI-OCT features were then analyzed. RESULTS: The study included 32 ERD type and 15 OD swelling type VKH patients at the acute uveitis stage...

Altered protein levels in the aqueous humor (AH) may be a valuable source of novel biomarkers in neurodegenerative retinal disease. The proximity of this body fluid to the disease focus, and its corresponding enrichment for tissue specific proteins, renders it an excellent matrix to study underlying molecular mechanisms. Novel proteomic methods accordingly hold large potential for insight into pathologies based on the composition of the AH proteome, including primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Recent mass spectrometry-based studies use novel approaches to tackle the challenges arising from the combination of low available sample volume and protein concentration, thereby increasing proteome coverage...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vision impairment and blindness present significant global challenges, with common causes including age-related macular degeneration, diabetes, retinitis pigmentosa, and glaucoma. Advanced imaging tools, such as optical coherence tomography, fundus photography, photoacoustic microscopy, and fluorescence imaging, play a crucial role in improving therapeutic interventions and diagnostic methods. Contrast agents are often employed with these tools to enhance image clarity and signal detection...

INTRODUCTION: Eosinophils have widespread procoagulant effects. In daily practice, eosinophil-related cardiovascular toxicity consists of endomyocardial damage, eosinophilic vasculitis and arterial or venous thrombosis. Here we aim to report on the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with unexplained ophthalmic vascular manifestations and eosinophilia. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, observational study and a literature review of patients with eosinophilia (≥0...

PURPOSE: This report aims to delineate distinct phenotypes of Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) observed in a mother and her daughter, both harboring a novel LRP5 pathogenic variation. METHODS: The investigation involves a retrospective review of medical records accompanied by multimodal imaging. Molecular characterization was performed using whole exon sequencing, and the pathogenic variant was subsequently confirmed through Sanger sequencing. RESULT: A 6-year-old girl diagnosed with anisometropic amblyopia exhibited macular dragging and peripheral avascular retina in her right eye...

Our purpose was to elucidate the genotype and ophthalmological and audiological phenotype in TUBB4B-associated inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and to model the effects of all possible amino acid substitutions at the hotspot codons Arg390 and Arg391. Six patients from five families with heterozygous missense variants in TUBB4B were included in this observational study. Ophthalmological testing included best-corrected visual acuity, fundus examination, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, and full-field electroretinography (ERG)...

Retinal prosthetics are one of the leading therapeutic strategies to restore lost vision in patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. Much work has described patterns of spiking in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in response to electrical stimulation, but less work has examined the underlying retinal circuitry that is activated by electrical stimulation to drive these responses. Surprisingly, little is known about the role of inhibition in generating electrical responses, or how inhibition might be altered during degeneration...

INTRODUCTION: The use of androgenic anabolic steroids (AASs) among recreational athletes is steadily increasing. However, knowledge regarding the potentially harmful effects of AAS primarily originates from case reports and small observational studies. This large-scale study aims to investigate the impact of AAS use on vascular plaque formation, preclinical coronary disease, cardiac function, circulating cardiovascular risk markers, quality of life (QoL) and mental health in a broad population of illicit AAS users...

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita is a rare congenital vascular malformation characterised by cutaneous vascular abnormalities, typically diagnosed at birth or in the early postnatal period. Although typically benign, this disease is associated with other systemic abnormalities, including rare ocular alterations, such as congenital glaucoma, cataracts and retinopathy.This manuscript describes a female infant, who presented with generalised livedo reticularis, a band of alopecia and cutaneous atrophy in the temporal region above the coronal suture...

PURPOSE: In early 2022, a fluorescein shortage occurred in the United States. To meet the standard of care for patients who required ultra-wide fundus fluorescein angiography (UWFFA), a regimen of half-dose (250mg) sodium fluorescein (10%) was adopted instead of the full-dose (500mg) at the Cole Eye Institute (CEI). In this paper, we compare the image quality, clinical utility, and the side effect profile of half-dose vs full-dose fluorescein in UWFFA for a cohort of stable patients. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review...

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the relationship between alternating hypointense signal bands on optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA), real-time fluorescein angiography (FA), and structural OCT findings in patients with retinal vascular occlusive disease (RVOD). DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive case series. SUBJECTS: Consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute RVOD and alternating bands of hypointense OCTA flow signal on en face projections...

PURPOSE: To describe 6 cases of acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) and the response to laser treatment, focusing on the underlying pathogenic mechanism. METHODS: Multimodal imaging from 6 eyes of 6 patients with acute and recurrent CSCR were reviewed including fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and after laser therapy. RESULTS: In 3 out of the 6 cases with acute CSCR, the hyporeflective lucency sign was identified with cross sectional and en face OCT and co-localized with an intense active inkblot retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leak on FA...