Swallowing disorder

Pill dysphagia is a common problem amongst older adults, with significant health consequences. Previous research has found that dysphagia can negatively affect an individuals mental health and wellbeing. However, this research has not been extended to pill-specific dysphagia, which presents distinct differences from the challenges posed by swallowing food and liquids. These differences extend to causes, demographics, and physical health ramifications. This study aimed to address this gap in the literature by investigating the effects of pill dysphagia on the wellbeing of older adults...

Videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), alongside flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, represents the gold standard for diagnosing swallowing disorders and to determine severity, pathophysiology, and effective interventions, including texture modification. The clinical swallowing examination and assessment supplements these instrumental methods and serves as the basis for the modules of swallowing diagnostics. The adaptation of food and drink consistencies in dysphagia management has become widespread...

This article explores the landscape of dysphagia assessment in adults. Dysphagia, a complex condition affecting the lifespan and many health conditions, significantly compromises individuals' quality of life. Dysphagia is often underdiagnosed, emphasizing the need for comprehensive assessment methods to ensure timely and accurate intervention. It encompasses clinical history, physical examination, clinical and instrumental swallow evaluations. Procedures within each of these modalities are reviewed, highlighting strengths, limitations, and contribution toward a complete understanding of dysphagia, ultimately guiding effective intervention strategies for improved patient outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: Visual Analysis of Swallowing Efficiency and Safety (VASES) and Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity for Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (DIGEST-FEES) are two complimentary methods for assessing swallowing during FEES. Whereas VASES is intended to facilitate trial level ratings of pharyngeal residue, penetration, and aspiration, DIGEST-FEES is intended to facilitate protocol level impairment grades of swallowing safety and efficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of using VASES to derive DIGEST-FEES impairment grades...

INTRODUCTION: The dextroamphetamine transdermal system (d-ATS) is a stimulant patch recently approved by the United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). AREAS COVERED: The composition of the d-ATS, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism are presented along with data from dermal trials evaluating the tolerability of patch application at various skin sites. Efficacy and safety data from a laboratory classroom study in children and adolescents including effect sizes are assessed...

Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome (SWS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by bowing of long bones, dysautonomia, temperature dysregulation, swallowing and feeding difficulties, and frequent respiratory infections. Respiratory distress and hyperthermic events are the leading causes of early neonatal death, and most patients are not expected to survive past infancy. Here, we report on the survival of a 5-year-old male with SWS, discussing his case presentation, providing a brief clinical course, and discussing the outcome...

OBJECTIVES: Using high resolution impedance manometry (HRIM), this study characterized the esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) dynamics in children with esophageal atresia (EA). METHOD: Esophageal HRIM was performed in patients with EA aged less than 18 years. Objective motility patterns were analyzed, and EGJ data reported. Controls were pediatric patients without EA undergoing investigations for consideration of fundoplication surgery. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (M:F = 43:32, median age 1 year 3 months [3 months-17 years 4 months]) completed 133 HRIM studies...

BACKGROUD: Catatonia encompasses a group of severe psychomotor syndromes affecting patients' motor, speech, and complex behaviors. Common features include rigidity, reduced mobility, speech, sputum production, defecation, and eating. Risks associated with catatonia, such as increased muscle tension and reduced swallowing and coughing reflexes, along with risks from therapeutic approaches like prolonged bed rest and sedative drugs, can elevate the risk of aspiration pneumonia, severe pneumonia, and acute respiratory failure...

Swallowing disorders resulting from pseudobulbar palsy are characterized by deficiencies in the oral preparatory and oral stages of the swallowing process. In certain cases, obstruction can occur when the tongue base comes into contact with the palate, impeding the intraoral bolus flow into the pharyngeal cavity. In this report, we discuss a case of severe pseudobulbar palsy, in which an intraoral bolus flowed into the pharyngeal cavity with pinching the nose. A 78-year-old man with a history of recurrent cerebral infarction was evaluated...

A 63-year-old man developed reduced consciousness and dysphagia progressively. Examination and parameters were normal, except for a Glasgow Coma Scale score of seven, and his grading on the swallow water test increased from grade 1 to grade 5. Brain imaging and blood tests were unexplainable except by high plasma ammonia. His past medical history included cerebral infarction, hypertension and epilepsy induced by cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome. He was rceiving antiepileptic treatment of continuously intravenously pumped sodium valproate of 64 mg/h for 4 days, which overlapped for 12 hours with taking 500 mg sustained release tablets...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Oral mucormycosis is uncommon in pediatric patients with hematolymphoid diseases. Prosthetic rehabilitation is challenging, and protocols are scarce in the literature. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical report and systematic literature review of case reports and case series was to describe the clinicopathologic aspects of oral mucormycosis and the interim prosthetic rehabilitation of an affected infant. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The clinical lesions were ulcerative and necrotic with underlying bone exposure that affected the hard palate...

Purine-rich element-binding protein A (PURα) regulates multiple cellular processes. Rare de novo mutations can lead to PURA syndrome, which manifests as a range of multisystem disturbances, including hypotonia, global developmental delay, swallowing disorders, apnea, seizures, visual impairments, and congenital heart defects. We report the case of a Colombian girl with no relevant medical history who was diagnosed with PURA syndrome at the age of 7, due to a heterozygous mutation located at 5q31.2, specifically the variant c...

Periodontitis is an immuno-inflammatory disease of the soft tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontitis is linked to many communicable and non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancers. The oral-systemic link between periodontal disease and systemic diseases is attributed to the spread of inflammation, microbial products and microbes to distant organ systems. Oral bacteria reach the gut via swallowed saliva, whereby they induce gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal dysfunctions...

Dysphagia is a common complication of various clinical conditions, with an increased incidence as age advances. Complications such as aspiration, malnutrition, and aspiration pneumonia caused by dysphagia significantly affect the overall treatment outcomes of patients. Scholars both domestically and internationally are increasingly focusing on early rehabilitation for dysphagia. This article summarizes common conditions causing dysphagia, clinical manifestations, complications, screening assessment, diagnosis, rehabilitation, and nutritional support related to dysphagia...

INTRODUCTION: This study compared the submental surface electromyography (sEMG) duration and amplitude during dry swallowing between irradiated head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors and age-matched normal individuals. Further, the relationship between submental and infrahyoid sEMG in the irradiated HNC group was explored. METHOD: Forty participants (20 HNC survivors and 20 age-matched normal individuals) participated in this study. The HNC survivors had completed organ preservation cancer treatment (at least 1-month post-treatment)...

INTRODUCTION: Empiric esophageal dilation (EED) remains a controversial practice for managing non-obstructive dysphagia (NOD) secondary to concerns about safety and efficacy. Here, we examine symptom response, presence of tissue disruption, and adverse events (AEs) after EED. METHODS: We examined large caliber bougie EED for NOD at two tertiary referral centers: retrospectively evaluating for AEs. Esophageal manometry diagnoses were also reviewed. We then prospectively assessed EED's efficacy using the NIH Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) disrupted swallowing questionnaire to assess dysphagia at baseline, 1-, 3-, and 6-months after EED...

PURPOSE: Surface electromyography (sEMG) has been used to evaluate extrinsic laryngeal muscle activity during swallowing and phonation. In the current study, sEMG amplitudes were measured from the infrahyoid and suprahyoid muscles during phonation through a tube submerged in water. METHOD: The sEMG amplitude values measured from the extrinsic laryngeal muscles and the electroglottographic contact quotient (CQ) were obtained simultaneously from 62 healthy participants (31 men, 31 women) during phonation through a tube at six different depths (2, 4, 7, 10, 15, and 20 cm) while using two tubes with different diameters (1 and 0...

Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is an uncommon condition that poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity and clinical presentation similar to other esophageal disorders. Symptoms typically start with dysphagia around the introduction of solid foods. A broad range of potential differential diagnoses contributes to a delay in obtaining a definitive diagnosis and administering the proper treatment. We report a two-year-old boy who presented with difficulty swallowing solid foods since 11 months of age, manifesting as choking and gagging...

Increasing use of paediatric long-term ventilation (LTV) has been reported around the world over the last two decades and it is anticipated that use of this medical intervention will continue to grow. Research has shown that children who use LTV have risk factors for feeding and swallowing difficulties which result in long-term reliance on non-oral feeding methods. This Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) activity explored experiences of parents of children with LTV on their children's feeding and swallowing journeys...

INTRODUCTION: Up to 78% of patients who had a stroke develop post-stroke dysphagia (PSD), a significant consequence. Life-threatening aspiration pneumonia, starvation, and water and electrolyte abnormalities can result. Several meta-analyses have shown that repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves swallowing in patients who had a stroke; however, the optimum model is unknown. This study will be the first Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to determine the best rTMS modalities for swallowing of patients who had a stroke...