Traumatic Brain Injuries

INTRODUCTION: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability, often resulting in prolonged coma and disordered consciousness. There are currently gaps in understanding the factors affecting rehabilitation location and outcome after TBI. OBJECTIVE: To identify the impact of demographics, comorbidities, and complications on discharge disposition in adults with prolonged coma following TBI. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study...

The cadherin family plays a pivotal role in orchestrating synapse formation in the central nervous system. Cadherin-related family member 1 (CDHR1) is a photoreceptor-specific calmodulin belonging to the expansive cadherin superfamily. However, its role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains largely unknown. CDHR1 expression across various brain tissue sites was analyzed using the GSE104687 dataset. Employing a summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) approach, integrated analyses were performed by amalgamating genome-wide association study abstracts from TBI with public data on expressed quantitative trait loci and DNA methylation QTL from both blood and diverse brain tissues...

BACKGROUND: Despite the use of validated guidelines in the management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), processes to limit unnecessary brain scans are still not sufficient and need to be improved. The use of blood biomarkers represents a relevant adjunct to identify patients at risk for intracranial injury requiring computed tomography (CT) scan. CONTENT: Biomarkers currently recommended in the management of mTBI in adults and children are discussed in this review...

PURPOSE: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a key component of evaluating outcome after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). As outcome is heterogeneous following mTBI, it is relevant to examine individual differences in HRQoL. This study investigated whether multiple homogenous subgroups could be meaningfully identified, 10 weeks after hospitalised mTBI with systemic injury, on the basis of HRQoL profiles. METHODS: Ninety-one adults were assessed for HRQoL, pain, fatigue, sleep quality, psychological distress, cognition and post-concussion symptoms...

Brain fluid clearance by pathways including the recently described paravascular glymphatic system is a critical homeostatic mechanism by which metabolic products, toxins, and other wastes are removed from the brain. Brain fluid clearance may be especially important after traumatic brain injury (TBI), when blood, neuronal debris, inflammatory cells, and other substances can be released and/or deposited. Using a non-invasive dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) method that models the rate at which an intravenously injected radiolabeled molecule (in this case 11 C-flumazenil) is cleared from ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we estimated the overall efficiency of brain fluid clearance in humans who had experienced complicated-mild or moderate TBI 3-6 months before neuroimaging ( n  = 7) as compared to healthy controls ( n  = 9)...

Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is a major risk factor associated with adulthood incarceration. Most research into the link between pTBI and adulthood incarceration has focused on incarcerated males, who comprise the vast majority of incarcerated adults, particularly in industrialized nations. In this review, we sought to identify sex-related differences in the incidence and pathophysiology of pTBI and subsequent risk of adulthood incarceration. A scoping review was undertaken using PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library...

The Australian Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative (AUS-TBI) aims to select a set of measures to comprehensively predict and assess outcomes following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) across Australia. The aim of this article was to report on the implementation and findings of an evidence-based consensus approach to develop AUS-TBI recommendations for outcome measures following adult and pediatric moderate-to-severe TBI. Following consultation with a panel of expert clinicians, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander representatives and a Living Experience group, and preliminary literature searches with a broader focus, a decision was made to focus on measures of mortality, everyday functional outcomes, and quality of life...

INTRODUCTION: Neurogenic Heterotopic ossification (NHO) is a potential sequalae and a detrimental complication following neurological insult. It is characterized by formation of localized gradually progressive, peri-articular lamellar bone formation in extra-skeletal tissues. We would like to report a rare case of heterotopic ossification involving all 4 limbs, in which we tried to restore joint mobility to improve his functional status so that he could perform his daily tasks. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 33-year-old bed ridden male, diagnosed with NHO involving all 4 limbs (bilateral hip, right knee, right shoulder, left elbow)...

BACKGROUND: Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) management in the developing child with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is challenging. The pressure reactivity index (PRx) may serve as marker of cerebral pressure autoregulation (CPA) and optimal CPP (CPPopt) may be assessed by identifying the CPP level with best (lowest) PRx. To evaluate the potential of CPPopt guided management in children with severe TBI, cerebral microdialysis (CMD) monitoring levels of lactate and the lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) (indicators of ischemia) were related to actual CPP levels, autoregulatory state (PRx) and deviations from CPPopt (ΔCPPopt)...

STUDY DESIGN: Development and psychometrics study OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of a new version of Appraisals of Post-Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Health Scale (APTSCIHS) in the Persian language for persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING: The persons were selected from National Spinal Cord Injury Registry of Iran (NSCIR-IR) and Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research center (BASIR). METHOD: This was a mixed sequential exploratory study that performed in two phases...

INTRODUCTION: There are great potential benefits of being able to conduct neuropsychological assessments remotely, especially for hard-to-reach or less mobile patient groups. Such tools need to be equivalent to standard tests done in the clinic and also easy to use in a variety of clinical populations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study protocol describes a cross-sectional study aimed at validating the newly developed digitalized neuropsychological test battery Mindmore Remote in patients with neurological disorders and injuries...

OBJECTIVE: To identify neurobehavioral symptom profiles among persons with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) using the Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool (BAST) and to consider participant characteristics that differ between profile groups. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: Participants (n = 615) were English-speaking adults (≥18) and had a self-reported history of at least one TBI of any severity. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the background, methodology, and results of the congressionally mandated Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Veterans Health Registry. SETTING: Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Veterans Benefit Administration (VBA). PARTICIPANTS: A total of 441 639 Veterans of post-9/11 conflicts who exhibited symptoms associated with TBI and sought care or benefits from the VA between September 2001 and September 2021...

OBJECTIVES: Recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI) is extremely difficult to predict, with TBI severity usually demonstrating weak predictive validity for functional or other outcomes. A possible explanation may lie in the statistical phenomenon called suppression, according to which a third variable masks the true association between predictor and outcome, making it appear weaker than it actually is. Age at injury is a strong candidate as a suppressor because of its well-established main and moderating effects on TBI outcomes...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of alternative approaches to diagnose and treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during inpatient rehabilitation. SETTING: Data collected during the Comparison of Sleep Apnea Assessment Strategies to Maximize TBI Rehabilitation Participation and Outcome (C-SAS) clinical trial (NCT03033901) on an inpatient rehabilitation TBI cohort were used in this study. STUDY DESIGN: Decision tree analysis was used to determine the cost-effectiveness of approaches to diagnosing and treating sleep apnea...

OBJECTIVE: Impact kinematics are widely employed to investigate mechanisms of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, they are susceptible to noise and artefacts; thus, require data filtering. Few studies have focused on how data filtering affects brain strain most relevant to TBI. Here, we report that impact-induced brain strains are much less sensitive to data filtering than kinematics based on three filtering methods: CFC180, lowpass 200Hz, and a new method called Head Exposure to Acceleration Database in Sport (HEADSport)...

BACKGROUND: The war in Ukraine has led to a strategic reorientation of the German Armed Forces towards national and alliance defense. This has also raised the need for medical and surgical adaptation to scenarios of conventional warfare. In order to develop appropriate and effective concepts it is necessary to identify those war injuries that are associated with a relevant primary and secondary mortality and that can be influenced by medical measures (potentially survivable injuries)...

Traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) of the lower extremity is relatively rare but is of major importance in clinical practice. They are defined as posttraumatic abnormal formations of bone within soft tissue outside of the skeletal system. This article describes the clinical case of a 31-year-old male patient who suffered 2 traumatic events within 12 months-a gunshot wound in the lumbar spine/gluteal region followed by a severe traumatic brain injury with intracranial hemorrhage in a traffic accident as a pedestrian...

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression levels of LINC02446 and S100B in serum of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and explore their values as diagnostic and prognostic indicators for TBI. METHOD: Abnormal expressed RNAs in brain injury were screened from the dataset GSE1131475. Serums were collected from moderate to severe TBI patients at 1-3 and 4-12 hours post injury. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression levels of LINC02446 and S100B in serum...

AIM: In critical diseases, immune-nutritional status plays an influential role in the clinical outcome. Studies have reported that the outcome of various diseases can accurately predicted using the Naples prognostic score (NPS) which is an immune-nutritional index, the. This study aimed to examine how NPS relates to 6-month outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 94 patients with STBI between September 2018 and September 2021...