Neurological Rehabilitation

Forward sagittal alignment affects physical performance, is associated with pain and impacts the health-related quality of life of the elderly. Interventions that help seniors to improve sagittal balance are needed to inhibit the progression of pain and disability. A motion-sensing video game (active game) is developed in this study to monitor sitting and standing postures in real-time and facilitate the postural learning process by using optical sensors to measure body movement and a video game to provide visual feedback...

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) provides important insights into the intricate activity of brain functioning and may aid in the early diagnosis of brain diseases. Emerging evidences have shown that NVC could be assessed by the coupling between electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). However, this endeavor presents significant challenges due to the absence of standardized methodologies and reliable techniques for coupling analysis of these two modalities. In this study, we introduced a novel method, i...

This study presents a novel high density surface electromyography (EMG) decomposition method, named as 2CFastICA, because it incorporates two key algorithms: kernel constrained FastICA and correlation constrained FastICA. The former focuses on overcoming the local convergence of FastICA without requiring the peel-off strategy used in the progressive FastICA peel-off (PFP) framework. The latter further refines the output of kernel constrained FastICA by correcting possible erroneous or missed spikes. The two constrained FastICA algorithms supplement each other to warrant the decomposition performance...

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) plays a crucial role in the clinical application of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods are highly sensitive to subtle changes caused by brain atrophy in medical images (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, MRI). Due to computational resource constraints, most CAD methods focus on quantitative features in specific regions, neglecting the holistic nature of the images, which poses a challenge for a comprehensive understanding of pathological changes in AD...

Locomotor perturbations provide insights into the human's response to motor errors. We investigated the differences in motor adaptation and muscle co-contraction between young and older adults during perturbed arms and legs recumbent stepping. We hypothesized that besides prolonged adaptation due to use-dependent learning, older adults would exhibit greater muscle co-contraction than young adults in response to the perturbations. Perturbations were brief increases in resistance applied during each stride at the extension-onset or mid-extension of the left or right leg...

Improving the state and future of patients severely impaired following brain injury is at the heart of early rehabilitation, established from the first days of hospitalization. For cognitive deficits, this management involves several challenges, related to hospital conditions and to the patients' capacities during the acute phase. A relevant intervention can be provided, as long as it involves an assessment adapted to these particularities and a rehabilitation targeting the most limiting deficits at this stage...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The use of multiple tests, including spirometry, arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis and overnight oximetry (OvOx), is highly recommended to monitor the respiratory function of patients with motor neuron disease (MND). In this study, we propose a composite score to simplify the respiratory management of MND patients and better stratify their prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We screened the clinical charts of 471 non-ventilated MND patients referred to the Neuro-rehabilitation Unit of the San Raffaele Scientific Institute of Milan (January 2001-December 2019), collecting spirometric, ABG and OvOx parameters...

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurological condition which results in social skill deficits, communication difficulties, and restrictive and repetitive behaviour. The difficulties associated with parenting children with ASD have been studied extensively, mainly from the perspectives of mothers. The extent of involvement of fathers in the raising of children with ASD has received limited scholarly attention, especially in non-Western contexts such as the United Arab Emirates...

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence demonstrates that manually triggered vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) combined with rehabilitation leads to increased recovery of upper limb motor function after stroke. This approach is premised on studies demonstrating that the timing of stimulation relative to movements is a key determinant in the effectiveness of this approach. OBJECTIVE: The overall goal of the study was to identify an algorithm that could be used to automatically trigger VNS on the best movements during rehabilitative exercises while maintaining a desired interval between stimulations to reduce the burden of manual stimulation triggering...

BACKGROUND: To compare pharmacological treatment of hypotension and orthostatic hypotension (OH) initiated based upon a blood pressure (BP) threshold, regardless of symptoms (TXT), to usual care pharmacological treatment of symptomatic hypotension (UC), during acute inpatient rehabilitation (AIR) following spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Block randomization, based on the neurological level of injury as: cervical lesions (C1-C8); high thoracic lesions (T1-T5) and low thoracic lesions (T6-T12), was used to determine responses to the primary question "was the therapy session affected by low BP or concern for low BP development?"...

Girdlestone arthroplasty is a traditional approach for complicated infections occurring with contralateral spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy, which presents intricate challenges in rehabilitation. In this case report, an 18-year-old girl came to a multispecialty hospital with a history of falls. She was an identified case of femoral head dislocation with acute osteomyelitis and a history of spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. She underwent girdlestone arthroplasty with additional upper tibial and ankle pin traction...

A brain-to-brain interface (BBI), defined as a combination of neuroimaging and neurostimulation methods to extract and deliver information between brains directly without the need for the peripheral nervous system, is a budding communication technique. A BBI system is made up of two parts known as the brain-computer interface part, which reads a sender's brain activity and digitalizes it, and the computer-brain interface part, which writes the delivered brain activity to a receiving brain. As with other technologies, BBI systems have gone through an evolutionary process since they first appeared...

Urinary incontinence (UI), encompassing stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urge urinary incontinence (UUI), is a prevalent and debilitating condition in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), profoundly impacting their quality of life. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to elucidate the worldwide prevalence rates of SUI and UUI among MS patients. This study was conducted by examining observational studies published between 2000 and 2023. An exhaustive literature search was conducted across databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar...

IMPORTANCE: A response shift (RS) is a phenomenon in which there is an individual perceptual gap between pre and post assessments. RS effects were not considered in the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) development process. OBJECTIVE: To detect the effects of RS on the COPM. DESIGN: Convergent mixed-methods research. SETTING: Subacute rehabilitation hospital in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen adult patients with a range of neurological and musculoskeletal conditions recruited from a subacute rehabilitation hospital...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Neck muscle weakness due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can result in dropped head syndrome, adversely impacting the quality of life of those affected. Static neck collars are currently prescribed to hold the head in a fixed upright position. However, these braces are uncomfortable and do not allow any voluntary head-neck movements. By contrast, powered neck exoskeletons have the potential to enable head-neck movements. Our group has recently improved the mechanical structure of a state-of-the-art neck exoskeleton through a weighted optimization...

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive problems in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is generally overlooked in the presence of disabling headache and threat to visual function. The aim of this study was to search for cognitive deficits in patients with IIH using neuropsychologic tests in addition to P300 potential recordings to assess cognition related brain activity. METHODS: Fifty IIH patients were examined using Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test, Stroop Test and Visual Aural Digit Span Test to measure different domains of cognition at the time of diagnosis...

Neonatal seizures can lead to long-term neurodevelopmental problems. This study aims to identify predictors of poor developmental outcomes in neonates with seizures to aid in early intervention and referral for follow-up and rehabilitation. This observational study was conducted in the Department of Neonatology and Institute of Paediatric Neurodisorder and Autism, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Among 75 study cases of neonatal seizure, 23 died, and 46 were followed-up at 6 and 9 months after discharge...

A 67-year-old man with cervical spondylotic myelopathy undergoing conservative treatment presented with subacute progression of fine motor and ambulatory disturbances, leading to admission at a previous hospital. Pre-cervical laminoplasty chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a tumor in the left upper lobe of the lung, prompting transfer to our institution. Transbronchial biopsy findings were consistent with adenocarcinoma, diagnosed as clinical stage T2bN0M0, Stage IIA. The neurological abnormalities could not be solely attributed to cervical spondylotic myelopathy, leading to a diagnosis of concurrent paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS)...

BACKGROUND: With the further advancement of surgical technology and modern tumor-targeted treatment strategies, longer survival rates can be achieved in diffuse gliomas. Pre- and post-therapeutic physical and cognitive deficits are frequently associated with gliomas. The clinical impact of physical therapy and rehabilitation on neurooncological disorders has not been analyzed consecutively. This study investigates the clinical effect of rehabilitation in patients with diffuse gliomas...