Neonatal fever

OBJECTIVE: To determine the intrapartum and perinatal results associated with different degrees of staining of meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). STUDY DESIGN: In a retrospective cohort study of all singleton deliveries over a period of one year (2015) in a tertiary hospital, we compared different degrees of MSAF (yellow, green and thick) to clear amniotic fluids, and analysed in each group maternal, intrapartum and neonatal variables as well as umbilical cord blood gas analysis...

BACKGROUND: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arboviral infection with a global distribution and may cause fetal and neonatal infections after maternal CHIKV-infections during gestation. METHODOLOGY: We performed a systematic review to evaluate the risk for: a) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), b) antepartum fetal deaths (APFD), c) symptomatic neonatal disease, and d) neonatal deaths from maternal CHIKV-infections during gestation. We also recorded the neonatal clinical manifestations after such maternal infections (qualitative data synthesis)...

Background: In 2016, there was a massive outbreak of chikungunya in North India. During the epidemic, we observed many neonatal and early infantile cases of chikungunya, with a probable perinatal transmission. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care neonatal centre between August 2016 and November 2016. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection was detected and confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or serology (anti-CHIKV IgM) in mothers and infants...

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics (pathogenic bacteria distribution, clinical menifestations and outcomes) of neonatal bacterial meningitis in parts of Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Methods: A retrospective epidemiological study was carried out in the infants with bacterial meningitis admitted to 12 hospitals in Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2011 to December 2016. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed during different periods (2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016), between early-onset and late-onset cases, preterm infants and term infants...

OBJECTIVE: To report detailed clinical history and management of maternal listeria infection in the first trimester. CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old woman at 11 gestational weeks was infected by Listeria monocytogenes with clinical symptoms of acute onset of a fever with subsequent headache and neck stiffness, and was treated with intravenous ampicillin at 2 g every 4 h for 3 weeks. A healthy, unaffected male baby was delivered at term. Histopathologic examination of the placenta did not reveal any chorioamnionitis, granulomas, microabscesses or vasculitis...

BACKGROUND: Human parechovirus (HPeV), like enteroviruses, usually causes mild self-limiting respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. In infants, HPeV can occasionally cause serious illnesses, including sepsis-like syndrome and encephalitis. In summer 2016, Public Health England (PHE) received increasing reports of severe HPeV infections nationally. We, therefore, reviewed all infants with confirmed HPeV across England during 2016. METHODS: HPeV cases in infants aged <12 months reported to PHE during 2016 were followed up using a clinical questionnaire...

In many developing countries including Malawi, health indicators are on average better in urban than in rural areas. This phenomenon has largely prompted Governments to prioritize rural areas in programs to improve access to health services. However, considerable evidence has emerged that some population groups in urban areas may be facing worse health than rural areas and that the urban advantage may be waning in some contexts. We used a descriptive study undertaking a comparative analysis of 13 child health indicators between urban and rural areas using seven data points provided by nationally representative population based surveys-the Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys...

BACKGROUND: Epidural analgesia is a central nerve block technique achieved by injection of a local anaesthetic close to the nerves that transmit pain, and is widely used as a form of pain relief in labour. However, there are concerns about unintended adverse effects on the mother and infant. This is an update of an existing Cochrane Review (Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia in labour), last published in 2011. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of all types of epidural analgesia, including combined-spinal-epidural (CSE) on the mother and the baby, when compared with non-epidural or no pain relief during labour...

BACKGROUND: Water immersion during labour and birth is increasingly popular and is becoming widely accepted across many countries, and particularly in midwifery-led care settings. However, there are concerns around neonatal water inhalation, increased requirement for admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), maternal and/or neonatal infection, and obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS). This is an update of a review last published in 2011. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of water immersion during labour and/or birth (first, second and third stage of labour) on women and their infants...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association between husband involvement and maternal awareness and knowledge of newborn danger signs. This cross-sectional study was conducted in three rural hospitals of Bangladesh among the recently delivered women (RDW). RESULTS: RDW were interviewed to determine their knowledge and understanding of seven key neonatal danger signs. About 51.4% of the respondents were able to identify at least one danger sign...

OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to describe the clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic cardiological findings in a group of patients with oral clefts. METHODS: This is a prospective cross-sectional study on 70 children (age range from 13 days to 19 years) with oral clefts who attended the multidisciplinary program of a university hospital from March 2013 to September 2014. The patients were evaluated by a pediatric cardiologist and underwent detailed anamnesis, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram...

BACKGROUND: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Prophylactic uterotonic drugs can prevent PPH, and are routinely recommended. There are several uterotonic drugs for preventing PPH but it is still debatable which drug is best. OBJECTIVES: To identify the most effective uterotonic drug(s) to prevent PPH, and generate a ranking according to their effectiveness and side-effect profile. SEARCH METHODS: We searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth's Trials Register (1 June 2015), ClinicalTrials...

The incidence of dengue worldwide is increasing rapidly. A better understanding of dengue transmission may help improve interventions against this major public health problem. The virus is mostly transmitted by vectors. There are, however, other modes of transmission, notably mother-to-child transmission or vertical transmission. We studied a prospective cohort of 54 women who had dengue while pregnant during the 2012-2013 epidemic in French Guiana to estimate the mother-to-child transmission rate and assess the clinical and biological presentation of neonatal dengue...

BACKGROUND: Congenital malaria is the direct infection of an infant with malaria parasites from their mother prior to or during birth. Neonatal malaria is due to an infective mosquito bite after birth. Neonatal and congenital malaria (NCM) are potentially life-threatening conditions that are believed to occur at relatively low rates in malaria endemic regions. However, recent reports suggest that the number of NCM cases is increasing, and its epidemiology remains poorly described. NCM can mimic other neonatal conditions and because it is thought to be rare, blood film examinations for malaria are not always routinely performed...

BACKGROUND: Enteroviruses account for about one billion infections worldwide each year, the majority remain asymptomatic. Data on enterovirus infections during pregnancy appear to be very rare. Several cases have been reported in the literature of fetal and neonatal complications attributed to these viruses, but prospective data on these infections during pregnancy are not available. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of enterovirus infections in febrile syndromes in pregnant women, and in case of in utero fetal death (IUFD)...

BACKGROUND: Common etiological agents of neonatal meningitis include group B Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Here we report a rare pathogen - Streptococcus bovis - causing meningitis in a premature neonate with Down syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: A 26-day-old Asian male neonate with Down syndrome presented with a history of high-grade fever, poor sucking, poor cry, and reduced activity. On admission, he was febrile and had features of circulatory collapse...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the intrapartum and perinatal results associated with different degrees of staining of meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). STUDY DESIGN: In a retrospective cohort study of all singleton deliveries over a period of one year (2015) in a tertiary hospital, we compared different degrees of MSAF (yellow, green and thick) to clear amniotic fluids, and analysed in each group maternal, intrapartum and neonatal variables as well as umbilical cord blood gas analysis...

Here's how to refine your care, which includes an assessment of neonatal feedings, the evaluation of jaundice and fever, and the prevention of SIDS.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sick neonates in malaria endemic areas are frequently transfused with donor blood unscreened for malaria parasite. Consequently, they are at risk of transfusional malaria which can lead to increased neonatal mortality. The study aimed to determine the burden of transfusional malaria in neonates to help in policy formulation on prevention of transfusional malaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty four neonates admitted into the neonatal unit of a tertiary hospital over a 10 month period who were scheduled for blood transfusion were screened for malaria parasites pre-transfusion, at three and 14 days post transfusion using Giemsa stained thick and thin films...

Two infants with disseminated adenoviral infections are described. Both these infants had a similar clinical course and were also diagnosed with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Previous reports of immunocompromised adults with adenovirus-associated HLH are in the literature; however, this is the first report that we are aware of with this pathology occurring in infants. These cases are used to demonstrate the importance of thinking about HLH in patients who are diagnosed with adenovirus and exhibit prolonged fevers that are unresponsive to antimicrobial agents with hepatosplenomegaly and cytopenias...