Eating disorder

BACKGROUND: Irritable Bowel Syndrome has emerged as a significant public health challenge, particularly relevant in medical students due to the high demands of their studies, academic stress, and susceptibility to eating disorders. Nevertheless, conclusive evidence regarding the factors associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in the Latin American student population remains limited. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Human Medicine students at a university in northern Peru...

BACKGROUND: Preoperative anxiety in children has been linked to various postoperative consequences, such as postoperative regressive behavioral issues, extended distress during the recovery period, eating disorders, and bedwetting. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of low-dose oral melatonin in alleviating preoperative anxiety among children in the Iraqi population. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, double-blinded comparative study was undertaken, involving children aged four to 14 years scheduled for elective cardiac catheterization under general anesthesia...

A 14-year-old girl with a history of asthma was hospitalized because of sudden-onset back pain around her thoracic region that spread to her chest and abdomen. She had been experiencing dysphagia and breathing difficulties for two years, especially after overeating, which often resulted in vomiting undigested food. CT imaging revealed a severely dilated esophagus narrowing at the gastroesophageal junction, suggestive of type 1 achalasia. Further testing confirmed the diagnosis, with an esophageal manometry showing a lack of esophageal contractions and sphincter relaxation...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder that leads to ovarian cysts, irregular ovulation, and hormonal swings in women. It is a complex and heterogeneous condition that affects 4 to 20% of women of reproductive age worldwide and relates to reproductive, metabolic, and psychosocial dysfunction. Dietary and lifestyle modifications have been proposed to play a central role in the management of PCOS. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive systemic overview of the existing literature on the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) and calorie restriction (CR) regimens on disease markers of PCOS...

Binge eating disorder, characterized by the overconsumption of food in a discrete time period, is the most common eating disorder in the United States, but its neurological basis is not fully understood. The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is a limbic brain region implicated in eating, and the anorexigenic neuropeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), is densely expressed in the PVT. This study sought to examine the possible involvement of PACAP in the PVT in binge-type eating...

Eating disorders (EDs) are a type of psychiatric disorder characterized by pathological eating and related behavior and considered to be highly heritable. The purpose of this study was to explore rare variants expected to display biological functions associated with the etiology of EDs. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of affected sib-pairs corresponding to disease subtype through their lifetime and their parents. From those results, rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) concordant with sib-pairs were extracted and estimated to be most deleterious in the examined families...

OBJECTIVE: Mealtimes are a period of heightened distress for individuals with eating disorders. Patients frequently display maladaptive coping strategies, such as hiding food and using distraction techniques to avoid eating. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for meal support interventions as a first-line intervention for eating disorders. METHOD: Six databases were systematically searched in January 2024. Papers including patients with an eating disorder, and meal support or meal supervision, were examined...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Sleep disorders are bidirectionally linked with eating behaviors and glucose metabolism, which could be clinically relevant in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated the relationship between dietary habits and sleep quality in individuals with T1D on insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). METHODS AND RESULTS: In a cross-sectional study, dietary habits (7-day food diary, EPIC questionnaire) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire) were assessed in 59 men and 58 women with T1D, aged 19-79 years, using CGM and insulin pump...

Eating behaviour that does not centralise weight, otherwise known as weight-neutral, is associated with improved physical and psychological health, and greater health promoting behaviours. However, consolidated evidence is lacking. This study aimed to systematically evaluate 'health-centric' eating behaviour reflective of weight-neutral approaches, and their relationship with health (physical and mental) and health promoting behaviours. A systematic search was performed, identifying observational studies with adult populations, ≥1 physical/mental health outcome(s), and ≥1 validated measure(s) of health-centric eating behaviour...

BACKGROUND: Dysphagia, particularly sarcopenic dysphagia, is frequent in frail older patients. Sarcopenic dysphagia is a swallowing disorder caused by sarcopenia, corresponding to a loss of muscle mass and strength. It frequently leads to inhalation and to the decrease of food intake, leading the patient to enter a vicious circle of chronic malnutrition and frailty. The awareness of the major health impacts of sarcopenic dysphagia is recent, explaining a low rate of screening in the population at risk...

The cognitive mechanisms through which specific life events affect the development and maintenance of eating disorders (ED) have received limited attention in the scientific literature. The present research aims to address this gap by adopting a memory perspective to explore the type of life events associated with eating psychopathology and how these events are encoded and reconstructed as memories. Two studies (n = 208 and n = 193) were conducted to investigate the relationship between specific memories and eating disorder psychopathology...

Binge eating is a central component of two clinical eating disorders, binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa, but the large treatment gap highlights the need to identify other strategies to decrease binge eating. Novel pharmacotherapies may be one such approach. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal and brain-derived neuroendocrine signal with a critical role in promoting glycemic control through its incretin effect. Additionally, the energy balance effects of GLP-1 are well-established; activation of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) reduces food intake and body weight...

Elevated anxiety often precedes anorexia nervosa and persists after weight restoration. Patients with anorexia nervosa often describe self-starvation as pleasant, potentially because food restriction can be anxiolytic. Here, we tested whether repeated stress can cause animals to prefer a starvation-like state. We developed a virtual reality place preference paradigm in which head-fixed mice can voluntarily seek a starvation-like state induced by optogenetic stimulation of hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons...

Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder. Treatment options include pharmacotherapy as well as psychotherapy, with the latter recommended as a first-line option. However, the use of psychotherapeutic interventions poses several challenges. Antidepressants are easily accessible, but they lack robust evidence-base. This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine the efficacy and safety of antidepressants for the treatment of BED. Five databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antidepressants vs...

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To find the causes and factors behind the Pica disorder, which helps in early diagnosis and appropriate treatments.. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-section study was carried out between July 1, 2022, and April 20, 2023, enrolling 300 patients from different provinces of central and south Iraq with Pica disease whose diagnosis depended on specialized physicians according to WHO guidelines. The participants were following up for three to six months in private clinics...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess swallowing and laryngeal function at long-term follow-up in patients treated for severe COVID-19 in the ICU. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with severe COVID-19 were prospectively examined with fiberendoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) about 6 and 12 months after ICU discharge. Comparison with initial FEES examinations during the time in hospital was performed in 17 patients. Analysis of swallowing function and laryngeal features was performed from video recordings...

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex disorder affecting mainly, but not only, teenagers. Researchers agree that AN is deeply associated with a pro-inflammatory state following an impaired immune system, resulting from altered levels of cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α, also impacted by the frequent depressive states. Thus, the aim of the present case-control study was to evaluate the relationship between patients suffering from AN undergoing specialized eating disorder (ED) treatment for AN and pro-inflammatory cytokines...

BACKGROUND: Sexual minorities have higher rates of anxiety, depression, and binge eating compared to heterosexual peers. Internalized weight bias (IWB) is also higher for sexual minorities when compared to heterosexual peers. However, research has not examined whether the relationships between IWB and anxiety, depression, and binge eating differ among heterosexual and sexual minority adults pursuing bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVES: To examine whether sexual orientation (heterosexual or sexual minority) moderated the relationships between IWB and anxiety, depression, and binge eating among adults pursuing bariatric surgery...

The gut-brain peptide ghrelin and its receptor are established as a regulator of hunger and reward-processing. However, the recently recognized ghrelin receptor inverse agonist, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2), is less characterized. The present study aimed to elucidate LEAP2s central effect on reward-related behaviors through feeding and its mechanism. LEAP2 was administrated centrally in mice and effectively reduced feeding and intake of palatable foods. Strikingly, LEAP2s effect on feeding was correlated to the preference of the palatable food...

Dieting is theorized as a risk factor for loss-of-control (LOC)-eating (i.e., feeling a sense of lack of control while eating). Support for this association has largely relied on retrospective self-report data, which does not always correlate with objectively assessed eating behavior in youth. We hypothesized that during a laboratory-based LOC-eating paradigm, children and adolescents who reported current (at the time of the visit) dieting would consume meals consistent with LOC-eating (greater caloric intake, and intake of carbohydrates and fats, but less intake of protein)...