keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519936/phylogenomics-resolves-the-higher-level-phylogeny-of-herbivorous-eriophyoid-mites-acariformes-eriophyoidea
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qi Zhang, Yi-Wen Lu, Xin-Yu Liu, Ye Li, Wei-Nan Gao, Jing-Tao Sun, Xiao-Yue Hong, Renfu Shao, Xiao-Feng Xue
BACKGROUND: Eriophyoid mites (Eriophyoidea) are among the largest groups in the Acariformes; they are strictly phytophagous. The higher-level phylogeny of eriophyoid mites, however, remains unresolved due to the limited number of available morphological characters-some of them are homoplastic. Nevertheless, the eriophyoid mites sequenced to date showed highly variable mitochondrial (mt) gene orders, which could potentially be useful for resolving the higher-level phylogenetic relationships...
March 22, 2024: BMC Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517953/invasion-of-spontaneous-germinal-centers-by-naive-b-cells-is-rapid-and-persistent
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Theo van den Broek, Kristine Oleinika, Siti Rahmayanti, Carlos Castrillon, Cees E van der Poel, Michael C Carroll
In autoreactive germinal centers (GC) initiated by a single rogue B cell clone, wild-type B cells expand and give rise to clones that target other autoantigens, known as epitope spreading. The chronic, progressive nature of epitope spreading calls for early interventions to limit autoimmune pathologies, but the kinetics and molecular requirements for wild-type B cell invasion and participation in GC remain largely unknown. With parabiosis and adoptive transfer approaches in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus, we demonstrate that wild-type B cells join existing GCs rapidly, clonally expand, persist, and contribute to autoantibody production and diversification...
March 22, 2024: Science Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516317/functional-contribution-of-the-intestinal-microbiome-in-autism-spectrum-disorder-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-and-rett-syndrome-a-systematic-review-of-pediatric-and-adult-studies
#23
Valentina Caputi, Lee Hill, Melanie Figueiredo, Jelena Popov, Emily Hartung, Kara Gross Margolis, Kanish Baskaran, Papiha Joharapurkar, Michal Moshkovich, Nikhil Pai
INTRODUCTION: Critical phases of neurodevelopment and gut microbiota diversification occur in early life and both processes are impacted by genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies have shown the presence of gut microbiota alterations in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we performed a systematic review of alterations of the intestinal microbiota composition and function in pediatric and adult patients affected by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Rett syndrome (RETT)...
2024: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515228/evolutionary-radiation-of-the-eurasian-pinus-species-under-pervasive-gene-flow
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei Zhao, Jie Gao, David Hall, Bea Angelica Andersson, Jade Bruxaux, Kyle W Tomlinson, Andreas D Drouzas, Yoshihisa Suyama, Xiao-Ru Wang
Evolutionary radiation, a pivotal aspect of macroevolution, offers valuable insights into evolutionary processes. The genus Pinus is the largest genus in conifers with <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo></mml:mrow> <mml:annotation>$$ c. $$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> 90% of the extant species emerged in the Miocene, which signifies a case of rapid diversification...
March 21, 2024: New Phytologist
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514194/bottom-up-synthesized-glucan-materials-opportunities-from-applied-biocatalysis
#25
REVIEW
Chao Zhong, Bernd Nidetzky
Linear D-glucans are natural polysaccharides of simple chemical structure. They are comprised of D-glucosyl units linked by a single type of glycosidic bond. Noncovalent interactions within, and between, the D-glucan chains give rise to a broad variety of macromolecular nanostructures that can assemble into crystalline-organized materials of tunable morphology. Structure design and functionalization of D-glucans for diverse material applications largely relies on top-down processing and chemical derivatization of naturally derived starting materials...
March 21, 2024: Advanced Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513027/evolution-guided-engineering-of-trans-acyltransferase-polyketide-synthases
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mathijs F J Mabesoone, Stefan Leopold-Messer, Hannah A Minas, Clara Chepkirui, Pornsuda Chawengrum, Silke Reiter, Roy A Meoded, Sarah Wolf, Ferdinand Genz, Nancy Magnus, Birgit Piechulla, Allison S Walker, Jörn Piel
Bacterial multimodular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are giant enzymes that generate a wide range of therapeutically important but synthetically challenging natural products. Diversification of polyketide structures can be achieved by engineering these enzymes. However, notwithstanding successes made with textbook cis -acyltransferase ( cis -AT) PKSs, tailoring such large assembly lines remains challenging. Unlike textbook PKSs, trans -AT PKSs feature an extraordinary diversity of PKS modules and commonly evolve to form hybrid PKSs...
March 22, 2024: Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512945/hemp-cultivation-opportunities-for-marginal-lands-development
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elisa Scalabrin, Marta Radaelli, Gabriele Capodaglio, Manuela Pierobon, Silvia Del Vecchio, Gabriella Buffa
Agricultural diversification and high-quality products deriving from sustainable crops such as hemp can represent a solution to revitalize marginal areas and reverse land abandonment. This study aimed at comparing four different hemp cultivars (Carmagnola Selezionata, "CS"; Futura 75, "FUT"; Felina 32, "FEL"; Secuieni Jubileu, "JUB") to provide information to select the best suited cultivar for cultivation in mountain marginal areas and for specific end-use applications. Hemp cultivars were cultivated in a single experimental field to compare their ecological and agronomic behavior (duration of life cycle phases, plant size and biomass allocation, and plant resource-use strategies)...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511376/-carbon-footprint-of-major-grain-crops-in-the-middle-and-lower-reaches-of-the-yangtze-river-during-2011-2020
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Zhang, Jia-Yi Gu, Chen Wang, Wei-Lu Wang, Wei-Yang Zhang, Jun-Fei Gu, Li-Jun Liu, Jian-Chang Yang, Hao Zhang
The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is one of main grain production areas in China, which is of great significance to food security. Understanding the carbon footprint of major grain crop production is helpful to develop high-yield and low-carbon agriculture. Based on the data of yield, sown area and farmland production input of main grain crops (rice, wheat and maize) in six provinces (Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, and Zhejiang) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2011 to 2020, we estimated carbon footprint in the production of the three grain crops...
December 2023: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao, the Journal of Applied Ecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510129/quantitative-proteome-dynamics-across-embryogenesis-in-a-model-chordate
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander N Frese, Andrea Mariossi, Michael S Levine, Martin Wühr
The evolution of gene expression programs underlying the development of vertebrates remains poorly characterized. Here, we present a comprehensive proteome atlas of the model chordate Ciona , covering eight developmental stages and ∼7,000 translated genes, accompanied by a multi-omics analysis of co-evolution with the vertebrate Xenopus . Quantitative proteome comparisons argue against the widely held hourglass model, based solely on transcriptomic profiles, whereby peak conservation is observed during mid-developmental stages...
April 19, 2024: IScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509972/rural-households-livelihood-adaptation-strategies-in-the-face-of-changing-climate-a-case-study-from-pakistan
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nasir Abbas Khan, Ashfaq Ahmad Shah, Ataharul Chowdhury, Libin Wang, Bader Alhafi Alotaibi, Muhammad Rafay Muzamil
Rural and agricultural communities' adaptation to climate change has gained significant attention owing to many countries' vulnerability to climate change risks. A similar trend has been witnessed in South Asia, a highly climate-vulnerable region, where research has grown dramatically considering the agriculture sector's vulnerability to climate-induced disasters. However, little attention has been paid to the adaptation of the livelihoods of rural households. This research, therefore, takes the case of Pakistan to explore livelihood adaptation strategies of rural households to climate change and investigate the factors that expedite or halt the adoption of livelihood diversification strategies...
March 30, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508524/multifactorial-drug-carrier-system-bringing-both-chemical-and-physical-therapeutics-to-the-treatment-of-tumor-heterogeneity
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eun-Jeong Nam, Inyoung Cho, Hyeji Park, Seung R Paik
Tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance have been invincible features of cancer for its complete cure. Despite the advent of immunotherapy, the expansion and diversification of cancer cells evolved even in the absence or presence of drug treatment discourage additional therapeutic interventions. For the eradication of cancer cells, therefore, an 'all-at-once' strategy is required, which exploits both target-selective chemotherapy and non-selective physicotherapy. Multifactorial microcapsules comprising gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a self-assembly protein of α-synuclein (αS) were fabricated, in which hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs could be separately encapsulated by employing lipid-based inverted micelles (IMs)...
March 18, 2024: Journal of Controlled Release
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38507308/datelife-leveraging-databases-and-analytical-tools-to-reveal-the-dated-tree-of-life
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luna L Sánchez Reyes, Emily Jane McTavish, Brian O'Meara
Chronograms -phylogenies with branch lengths proportional to time- represent key data on timing of evolutionary events for the study of natural processes in many areas of biological research. Chronograms also provide valuable information that can be used for education, science communication, and conservation policy decisions. Yet, achieving a high-quality reconstruction of a chronogram is a difficult and resource-consuming task. Here we present DateLife, a phylogenetic software implemented as an R package and an R Shiny web application available at www ...
March 20, 2024: Systematic Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506710/phase-i-trial-of-viral-vector-based-personalized-vaccination-elicits-robust-neoantigen-specific-antitumor-t-cell-responses
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Morena D'Alise, Guido Leoni, Gabriella Cotugno, Loredana Siani, Rosa Vitale, Valentino Ruzza, Irene Garzia, Laura Antonucci, Elisa Micarelli, Veronica Venafra, Sven Gogov, Alessia Capone, Sarah Runswick, Juan Martin-Liberal, Emiliano Calvo, Victor Moreno, Stefan N Symeonides, Elisa Scarselli, Oliver Bechter
PURPOSE: Personalized vaccines targeting multiple neoantigens (nAgs) are a promising strategy for eliciting a diversified antitumor T cell response to overcome tumor heterogeneity. NOUS-PEV is a vector based personalized vaccine, expressing 60 nAgs and consists of priming with a non-human Great Ape Adenoviral vector (GAd20) followed by boosts with Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA). Here, we report data of a phase Ib trial of NOUS-PEV in combination with pembrolizumab in treatment naïve metastatic melanoma patients (NCT04990479)...
March 20, 2024: Clinical Cancer Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506673/analysis-of-the-current-vitamin-a-terminology-and-dietary-regulations-from-vitamin-a-1-to-vitamin-a-5
#34
Ralph Rühl, Diána Bánáti
<b/>Dietary recommendations on vitamin intake for human food fortification concerning vitamin A in various countries, larger economic zones and international organizations are mainly based on the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) "Codex Alimentarius standards". The general vitamin A terminology is based on regulations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) that are used to describe the involved derivatives. These regulations and terminology were set up in the middle of the last century...
March 20, 2024: International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. Journal International de Vitaminologie et de Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506671/investigating-eco-evolutionary-processes-of-microbial-community-assembly-in-the-wild-using-a-model-leaf-litter-system
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristin Barbour, Jennifer B H Martiny
Microbial communities are not the easiest to manipulate experimentally in natural ecosystems. However, leaf litter - topmost layer of surface soil - is uniquely suitable to investigate the complexities of community assembly. Here, we reflect on over a decade of collaborative work to address this topic using leaf litter as a model system in southern California ecosystems. By leveraging a number of methodological advantages of the system, we have worked to demonstrate how four processes - selection, dispersal, drift, and diversification - contribute to bacterial and fungal community assembly and ultimately, impact community functioning...
March 20, 2024: ISME Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506358/-characterization-of-the-adaptive-immune-repertoire-using-next-generation-sequencing-recent-discoveries-in-the-field-of-primary-immunodeficiency-and-the-upcoming-future
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tal Beit Halevi, Raz Somech, Yu Nee Lee-Avnir
A powerful adaptive immune system, which includes cellular (T lymphocytes) and humoral (B lymphocytes) immunity, depends on its ability to recognize and protect against millions of different foreign antigens. It does so through an enormous diverse array of T-cell and B-cell receptors, collectively referred to as the adaptive immune repertoire. Using high-throughput sequencing as next generation sequencing (NGS) led to multiple breakthroughs in the field of molecular medicine. It has increased our ability to characterize the immune repertoire in primary immunodeficiency (PID) and to identify defects in diversification processes among other parameters as well...
March 2024: Harefuah
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506235/native-amino-group-directed-meta-selective-c-h-arylation-of-primary-amines-via-pd-norbornene-catalysis
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shasha Zhang, Gong Zhang, Jie Wang, Yueyao Feng, Zemin Zhang, Si Xie, Ziying Lin, Shiling Yang, Jin Lin, Hua Lin
The selective functionalization of remote C-H bonds in free primary amines holds significant promise for the late-stage diversification of pharmaceuticals. However, to date, the direct functionalization of the meta position of amine substrates lacking additional directing groups remains underexplored. In this Letter, we present a successful meta -C-H arylation of free primary amine derivatives using aryl iodides, resulting in synthetically valuable yields. This meta -selective C-H functionalization is achieved through a sequence involving native amino-directed Pd-catalyzed seven-membered cyclometalation, followed by the utilization of a norbornene-type transient mediator...
March 20, 2024: Organic Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505760/novel-miscanthus-hybrids-modelling-productivity-on-marginal-land-in-europe-using-dynamics-of-canopy-development-determined-by-light-interception
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anita Shepherd, Danny Awty-Carroll, Jason Kam, Chris Ashman, Elena Magenau, Enrico Martani, Mislav Kontek, Andrea Ferrarini, Stefano Amaducci, Chris Davey, Vanja Jurišić, Gert-Jan Petrie, Mohamad Al Hassan, Isabelle Lamy, Iris Lewandowski, Emmanuel de Maupeou, Jon McCalmont, Luisa Trindade, Kasper van der Cruijsen, Philip van der Pluijm, Rebecca Rowe, Andrew Lovett, Iain Donnison, Andreas Kiesel, John Clifton-Brown, Astley Hastings
New biomass crop hybrids for bioeconomic expansion require yield projections to determine their potential for strategic land use planning in the face of global challenges. Our biomass growth simulation incorporates radiation interception and conversion efficiency. Models often use leaf area to predict interception which is demanding to determine accurately, so instead we use low-cost rapid light interception measurements using a simple laboratory-made line ceptometer and relate the dynamics of canopy closure to thermal time, and to measurements of biomass...
April 2023: Global Change Biology. Bioenergy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504308/evolution-of-compound-eye-morphology-underlies-differences-in-vision-between-closely-related-drosophila-species
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandra D Buffry, John P Currea, Franziska A Franke-Gerth, Ravindra Palavalli-Nettimi, Andrew J Bodey, Christoph Rau, Nazanin Samadi, Stefan J Gstöhl, Christian M Schlepütz, Alistair P McGregor, Lauren Sumner-Rooney, Jamie Theobald, Maike Kittelmann
BACKGROUND: Insects have evolved complex visual systems and display an astonishing range of adaptations for diverse ecological niches. Species of Drosophila melanogaster subgroup exhibit extensive intra- and interspecific differences in compound eye size. These differences provide an excellent opportunity to better understand variation in insect eye structure and the impact on vision. Here we further explored the difference in eye size between D. mauritiana and its sibling species D. simulans...
March 19, 2024: BMC Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504104/genetic-gains-underpinning-a-little-known-strawberry-green-revolution
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mitchell J Feldmann, Dominique D A Pincot, Glenn S Cole, Steven J Knapp
The annual production of strawberry has increased by one million tonnes in the US and 8.4 million tonnes worldwide since 1960. Here we show that the US expansion was driven by genetic gains from Green Revolution breeding and production advances that increased yields by 2,755%. Using a California population with a century-long breeding history and phenotypes of hybrids observed in coastal California environments, we estimate that breeding has increased fruit yields by 2,974-6,636%, counts by 1,454-3,940%, weights by 228-504%, and firmness by 239-769%...
March 19, 2024: Nature Communications
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