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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hannah Augustijnen, Livio Bätscher, Martin Cesanek, Tinatin Chkhartishvili, Vlad Dincă, Giorgi Iankoshvili, Kota Ogawa, Roger Vila, Seraina Klopfstein, Jurriaan M de Vos, Kay Lucek
The impact of large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, such as fusions and fissions, on speciation is a long-standing conundrum. We assessed whether bursts of change in chromosome numbers resulting from chromosomal fusion or fission are related to increased speciation rates in Erebia , one of the most species-rich and karyotypically variable butterfly groups. We established a genome-based phylogeny and used state-dependent birth-death models to infer trajectories of karyotype evolution. We demonstrated that rates of anagenetic chromosomal changes (i...
April 19, 2024: Science Advances
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily J Swaby, Angela L Coe, Jörg Ansorge, Bryony A Caswell, Scott A L Hayward, Luke Mander, Liadan G Stevens, Aimee McArdle
Extreme global warming and environmental changes associated with the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE, ~183 Mya) profoundly impacted marine organisms and terrestrial plants. Despite the exceptionally elevated abundances of fossil insects from strata of this age, only assemblages from Germany and Luxembourg have been studied in detail. Here, we focus on the insect assemblage found in strata recording the T-OAE at Alderton Hill, Gloucestershire, UK, where <15% of specimens have previously been described...
2024: PloS One
#3
REVIEW
Muhammad N Siddiquee
Substantial amounts of low-value light petroleum fractions and low-value heavy petroleum fractions, such as light naphtha, HVGO, and vacuum residue, are generated during the upgrading and refining of conventional and unconventional petroleum resources. The oil industry emphasizes economic diversification, aiming to produce high-value products from these low petroleum fractions through cost-effective and sustainable methods. Controlled autoxidation (oxidation with air) has the potential to produce industrially important oxygenates, including alcohols, and ketones, from the low-value light petroleum fractions...
April 17, 2024: Chemical Record: An Official Publication of the Chemical Society of Japan ... [et Al.]
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiroaki Nakajima, Ayako Fukui, Kazutaka Suzuki, R Yusrifar Kharisma Tirta, Hidetaka Furuya
Dicyemids (phylum Dicyemida) are the most common and most characteristic endosymbionts in the renal sacs of benthic cephalopod molluscs: octopuses and cuttlefishes. Typically, 2 or 3 dicyemid species are found in a single specimen of the host, and most dicyemids have high host specificity. Host-specific parasites are restricted to a limited range of host species by ecological barriers that impede dispersal and successful establishment; therefore, phylogenies of interacting groups are often congruent due to repeated co-speciation...
April 1, 2024: Journal of Parasitology
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yaqiu Liu, Xinhui Li, Weitao Chen, Guangpeng Feng, Fangchan Chen, Jie Li, Qiong Zhou
Fish dietary niche is a core focus, and it reflects the diversity of resources, habitats, or environments occupied by a species. However, whether geographic segregation among different populations triggers dietary diversification and concomitant fish niche shift remains unknown. In the present study, we selected the Black Amur bream ( Megalobrama terminalis ) is a migratory fish species that plays an important role in the material transfer and energy cycling of river ecosystems, inhabiting southern China drainage with multiple geographic populations...
April 2024: Ecology and Evolution
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara M Stieb, Fabio Cortesi, Laurie Mitchell, Luiz Jardim de Queiroz, N Justin Marshall, Ole Seehausen
Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) are one of the most behaviourally diverse, colourful and species-rich reef fish families. One remarkable characteristic of damselfishes is their communication in ultraviolet (UV) light. Not only are they sensitive to UV, they are also prone to have UV-reflective colours and patterns enabling social signalling. Using more than 50 species, we aimed to uncover the evolutionary history of UV colour and UV vision in damselfishes. All damselfishes had UV-transmitting lenses, expressed the UV-sensitive SWS1 opsin gene, and most displayed UV-reflective patterns and colours...
April 2024: Ecology and Evolution
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raheyma Siddiqui, Samantha Swank, Allison Ozark, Franklin Joaquin, Matthew P Travis, Caleb D McMahan, Michael A Bell, Yoel E Stuart
Darwin attributed the absence of species transitions in the fossil record to his hypothesis that speciation occurs within isolated habitat patches too geographically restricted to be captured by fossil sequences. Mayr's peripatric speciation model added that such speciation would be rapid, further explaining missing evidence of diversification. Indeed, Eldredge and Gould's original punctuated equilibrium model combined Darwin's conjecture, Mayr's model and 124 years of unsuccessfully sampling the fossil record for transitions...
April 30, 2024: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul Dufour, Ferran Sayol, Rob Cooke, Tim M Blackburn, Laure Gallien, Michael Griesser, Manuel J Steinbauer, Søren Faurby
Seasonal migration is an underappreciated driver of animal diversification. Changes in migratory behaviour may favour the establishment of sedentary founder populations and promote speciation if there is sufficient reproductive isolation between sedentary and migratory populations. From a systematic literature review, we here quantify the role of migratory drop-off-the loss of migratory behaviour-in promoting speciation in birds on islands. We identify at least 157 independent colonization events likely initiated by migratory species that led to speciation, including 44 cases among recently extinct species...
April 30, 2024: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Agnideep Das, Oscar Charpentier, Cheriehan Hessin, Jules Schleinitz, David Pianca, Nolwenn Le Breton, Sylvie Choua, Laurence Grimaud, Christophe Gourlaouen, Marine Desage-El Murr
Flavins and their alloxazine isomers are key chemical scaffolds for bioinspired electron transfer strategies. Their properties can be fine-tuned by functional groups, which must be introduced at an early stage of the synthesis as their aromatic ring is inert towards post-functionalization. We show that the introduction of a remote metal-binding redox site on alloxazine and flavin activates their aromatic ring towards direct C-H functionalization. Mechanistic studies are consistent with a synthetic sequence involving ground state single electron transfer (SET) with an electrophilic source followed by radical-radical coupling...
April 16, 2024: Angewandte Chemie
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isaac J Angera, Madison M Wright, Juan R Del Valle
ConspectusThe growing list of physiologically important protein-protein interactions (PPIs) has amplified the need for compounds to target topologically complex biomolecular surfaces. In contrast to small molecules, peptide and protein mimics can exhibit three-dimensional shape complementarity across a large area and thus have the potential to significantly expand the "druggable" proteome. Strategies to stabilize canonical protein secondary structures without sacrificing side-chain content are particularly useful in the design of peptide-based chemical probes and therapeutics...
April 16, 2024: Accounts of Chemical Research
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ragnar L Gudmundarson, Gareth W Peters
In this work we seek to enhance the frameworks practitioners in asset management and wealth management may adopt to asses how different screening rules may influence the diversification benefits of portfolios. The problem arises naturally in the area of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) based investing practices as practitioners often need to select subsets of the total available assets based on some ESG screening rule. Once a screening rule is identified, one constructs a dynamic portfolio which is usually compared with another dynamic portfolio to check if it satisfies or outperforms the risk and return profile set by the company...
2024: PloS One
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Paulo Lorenzo, Linda Molla, Elias Moris Amro, Ignacio L Ibarra, Sandra Ruf, Cedrik Neber, Christos Gkougkousis, Jana Ridani, Poorani Ganesh Subramani, Jonathan Boulais, Dewi Harjanto, Alin Vonica, Javier M Di Noia, Christoph Dieterich, Judith B Zaugg, F Nina Papavasiliou
The apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) family is composed of nucleic acid editors with roles ranging from antibody diversification to RNA editing. APOBEC2, a member of this family with an evolutionarily conserved nucleic acid-binding cytidine deaminase domain, has neither an established substrate nor function. Using a cellular model of muscle differentiation where APOBEC2 is inducibly expressed, we confirmed that APOBEC2 does not have the attributed molecular functions of the APOBEC family, such as RNA editing, DNA demethylation, and DNA mutation...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manuela Montoya-Giraldo, Kathryn R Piper, Odion O Ikhimiukor, Cooper J Park, Nicole A Caimi, Debbie C Buecher, Ernest W Valdez, Diana E Northup, Cheryl P Andam
Streptomyces are prolific producers of secondary metabolites from which many clinically useful compounds have been derived. They inhabit diverse habitats but have rarely been reported in vertebrates. Here, we aim to determine to what extent the ecological source (bat host species and cave sites) influence the genomic and biosynthetic diversity of Streptomyces bacteria. We analysed draft genomes of 132 Streptomyces isolates sampled from 11 species of insectivorous bats from six cave sites in Arizona and New Mexico, USA...
April 2024: Microbial Genomics
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Marcionetti, Joris A M Bertrand, Fabio Cortesi, Giulia F A Donati, Sara Heim, Filip Huyghe, Marc Kochzius, Loïc Pellissier, Nicolas Salamin
Clownfish (subfamily Amphiprioninae) are an iconic group of coral reef fish that evolved a mutualistic interaction with sea anemones, which triggered the adaptive radiation of the clade. Within clownfishes, the "skunk complex" is particularly interesting. Besides ecological speciation, interspecific gene flow and hybrid speciation are thought to have shaped the evolution of the group. We investigated the mechanisms characterizing the diversification of this complex. By taking advantage of their disjunct geographical distribution, we obtained whole-genome data of sympatric and allopatric populations of the three main species of the complex (Amphiprion akallopisos, A...
April 16, 2024: Molecular Ecology
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dattatraya H Dethe, Vimlesh Kumar, Nagabhushana C Beeralingappa
The first and concise syntheses of the anticancer agent diplofuranone A and the fatty acid-derived metabolite diapolic acid A have been demonstrated using easily accessible and commercially available starting materials. The key feature of these syntheses is the efficient diversification of highly stereo- and chemoselectively constructed ( E , E )-1,6-dioxo-2,4-dienes using ruthenium catalytic conditions, which enabled straightforward access to diversely substituted bioactive molecules.
April 16, 2024: Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaolai Lei, Xiaozheng Wang, Weiliang Xiong, Han Xiao, Yingchun Wu, Tingting Huang, Rubing Liang, Yiming Li, Shuangjun Lin
Bufadienolides are a class of steroids with a distinctive α-pyrone ring at C17, mostly produced by toads and consisting of over 100 orthologues. They exhibit potent cardiotonic and antitumor activities and are active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu and Cinobufacini. Direct extraction from toads is costly, and chemical synthesis is difficult, limiting the accessibility of active bufadienolides with diverse modifications and trace content. In this work, based on the transcriptome and genome analyses, using a yeast-based screening platform, we obtained eight cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes from toads, which catalyze the hydroxylation of bufalin and resibufogenin at different sites...
April 16, 2024: ACS Chemical Biology
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jan Steger, Cesare Bogi, Hadas Lubinevsky, Bella S Galil, Martin Zuschin, Paolo G Albano
Native biodiversity loss and invasions by nonindigenous species (NIS) have massively altered ecosystems worldwide, but trajectories of taxonomic and functional reorganization remain poorly understood due to the scarcity of long-term data. Where ecological time series are available, their temporal coverage is often shorter than the history of anthropogenic changes, posing the risk of drawing misleading conclusions on systems' current states and future development. Focusing on the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, a region affected by massive biological invasions and the largest climate change-driven collapse of native marine biodiversity ever documented, we followed the taxonomic and functional evolution of an emerging "novel ecosystem", using a unique dataset on shelled mollusks sampled in 2005-2022 on the Israeli shelf...
April 2024: Global Change Biology
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mario G Castro, Talita Ferreira Amado, Miguel Á Olalla-Tárraga
BACKGROUND: Body size and echolocation call frequencies are related in bats. However, it is unclear if this allometry applies to the entire clade. Differences have been suggested between nasal and oral emitting bats, as well as between some taxonomic families. Additionally, the scaling of other echolocation parameters, such as bandwidth and call duration, needs further testing. Moreover, it would be also interesting to test whether changes in body size have been coupled with changes in these echolocation parameters throughout bat evolution...
April 15, 2024: BMC ecology and evolution
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jarkko Salojärvi, Aditi Rambani, Zhe Yu, Romain Guyot, Susan Strickler, Maud Lepelley, Cui Wang, Sitaram Rajaraman, Pasi Rastas, Chunfang Zheng, Daniella Santos Muñoz, João Meidanis, Alexandre Rossi Paschoal, Yves Bawin, Trevor J Krabbenhoft, Zhen Qin Wang, Steven J Fleck, Rudy Aussel, Laurence Bellanger, Aline Charpagne, Coralie Fournier, Mohamed Kassam, Gregory Lefebvre, Sylviane Métairon, Déborah Moine, Michel Rigoreau, Jens Stolte, Perla Hamon, Emmanuel Couturon, Christine Tranchant-Dubreuil, Minakshi Mukherjee, Tianying Lan, Jan Engelhardt, Peter Stadler, Samara Mireza Correia De Lemos, Suzana Ivamoto Suzuki, Ucu Sumirat, Ching Man Wai, Nicolas Dauchot, Simon Orozco-Arias, Andrea Garavito, Catherine Kiwuka, Pascal Musoli, Anne Nalukenge, Erwan Guichoux, Havinga Reinout, Martin Smit, Lorenzo Carretero-Paulet, Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho, Masako Toma Braghini, Lilian Padilha, Gustavo Hiroshi Sera, Tom Ruttink, Robert Henry, Pierre Marraccini, Yves Van de Peer, Alan Andrade, Douglas Domingues, Giovanni Giuliano, Lukas Mueller, Luiz Filipe Pereira, Stephane Plaisance, Valerie Poncet, Stephane Rombauts, David Sankoff, Victor A Albert, Dominique Crouzillat, Alexandre de Kochko, Patrick Descombes
Coffea arabica, an allotetraploid hybrid of Coffea eugenioides and Coffea canephora, is the source of approximately 60% of coffee products worldwide, and its cultivated accessions have undergone several population bottlenecks. We present chromosome-level assemblies of a di-haploid C. arabica accession and modern representatives of its diploid progenitors, C. eugenioides and C. canephora. The three species exhibit largely conserved genome structures between diploid parents and descendant subgenomes, with no obvious global subgenome dominance...
April 2024: Nature Genetics
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anja Schmutz, Christian Schöb
Growing crops in more diverse crop systems (i.e., intercropping) is one way to produce food more sustainably. Even though intercropping, compared to average monocultures, is generally more productive, the full yield potential of intercropping might not yet have been achieved as modern crop cultivars are bred to be grown in monoculture. Breeding plants for more familiarity in mixtures, i.e., plants that are adapted to more diverse communities (i.e., adaptation) or even to coexist with each other (i.e., coadaptation) might have the potential to sustainably enhance productivity...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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