gynecomastia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Darolutamide is an androgen receptor inhibitor that increases overall survival in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive and nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). This phase 2 study assessed the efficacy and safety of darolutamide as monotherapy without ADT in patients with eugonadal testosterone levels. METHODS: This was a 24-wk, open-label, randomized study of patients with hormone-sensitive, histologically confirmed PCa requiring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0/1; and life expectancy >1 yr...

A 79-year-old man with prostate cancer (PCa) was referred to our center to perform a [11 C]Choline PET/CT for biochemical recurrence. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan detected PCa recurrence in the prostate gland and several pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes. Two abnormal uptakes were also identified in the right breast and in the liver, respectively. Breast histological findings turned out to be gynecomastia, while the liver lesion resulted in a benign perfusion anomaly at follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

Breast abscess in males is a rare condition, which accounts for 1%-3% of all documented breast diseases. Males with certain risk factors may develop a breast abscess. The ultrasonographic, mammographic, and pathological characteristics of this case will be highlighted in the report. A 51-year-old morbidly obese Saudi male who is a 160-pack-years smoker presented to our surgical clinic complaining of a right breast mass that presented a long time ago and was changing in size. The mass was painless until 5 days prior to presentation...

RATIONALE: Sex cord-stromal tumors (SCST) are hormonally active and rare. The aim was to describe their endocrinological presentation and outcomes. METHOD: Patients (< 19 years) registered in the TGM13 registry between 2014 and 2021 for SCST were selected. RESULTS: Sixty-three ovarian SCST (juvenile granulosa tumor (JGT) n = 34, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) n = 17, other SCST n = 12) were included...

INTRODUCTION: There are scarce papers about the use of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) in the open surgical field. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of FGS in an open setting in the pediatric population and to report our preliminary experience using the Rubina® Lens system. METHODS: All patients undergoing ICG fluorescence-assisted open surgery over the period September 2022-September 2023 were enrolled. Each surgical procedure was performed using the Rubina® Lens for ICG fluorescence visualization...

A 17-year-old male with chest malformation and left breast enlargement underwent surgery for gynecomastia. Histological examination revealed mammary fibrous stroma with ductal hyperplasia and features of pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. Postoperative follow-up showed no complications, but 8 months later, the patient experienced a mild recurrence with enlargement of the nipple-areolar complex. Although recommended for secondary glandular resection, the patient declined further surgery.

BACKGROUND: Coincidental extracardiac findings with increased perfusion were reported during myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with various retention radiotracers. Clinical parametric O-15-H2 O PET MPI yielding quantitative measures of myocardial blood flow (MBF) was recently implemented at our facility. We aim to explore whether similar extracardiac findings are observed using O-15-H2 O. METHODS AND RESULTS: All patients (2963) were scanned with O-15-H2 O PET MPI according to international guidelines and extracardiac findings were collected...

INTRODUCTION: As an increasingly popular therapeutic option, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) has gained significant notoriety for its health benefits in indicated populations, such as those suffering from hypogonadism. AREAS COVERED: Benefits such as improved libido, muscle mass, cognition, and quality of life have led to widened public interest in testosterone as a health supplement. No therapy exists without side effects; testosterone replacement therapy has been associated with side effects such as an increased risk of polycythemia, benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH), prostate cancer, gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, and infertility...

This retrospective study rigorously compares the clinical efficacy of three surgical methodologies for treating gynecomastia while providing guidance for future surgical modality selection. We analyzed records of 77 gynecomastia patients treated between January 2015 and October 2022. Patients were categorized into three groups: Group A (subcutaneous gland resection via areola incision), Group B (liposuction combined with single-hole endoscopic gland resection), and Group C (liposuction combined with three-hole endoscopic gland resection)...

Estrogen-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is exceedingly rare, representing 1% to 2% of all ACCs. We present a case of a 65-year-old man diagnosed with an estrogen-secreting, 4.3-cm right adrenal mass discovered during work-up for bilateral gynecomastia. Gynecomastia and hyperestrogenism resolved after laparoscopic adrenalectomy, and pathology was reported as adrenocortical adenoma. However, 5 years later, he again developed bilateral gynecomastia because of recurrent hyperestrogenism. Imaging revealed multiple metastases in the abdomen...

BACKGROUND: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have emerged as potential therapy to target the underlying arrhythmogenic substrate in atrial fibrillation (AF). Nevertheless, there have been inconsistent results on the impact of MRAs on AF. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the effect of MRAs on AF incidence and progression in patients with and without heart failure. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched up to September, 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated MRA use and reported AF outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: The seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) is little known in Brazil. Studies have suggested that HEV may harmfully influence the course of CLD, with a higher risk of progression to cirrhosis. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of the anti-HEV antibody (IgG) in patients with CLD and to describe demographic data and risk factors, as well as clinical-laboratory and ultrasound parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included 227 patients with CLD followed at a referral outpatient clinic from June 2022 to March 2023...

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in men leading to second most death causing cancer in men. Despite the availability of multiple treatment still the prevalence is high for prostate cancer. Steroidal antagonists associated with poor bioavailability, side effects while non-steroidal antagonists show serious side effects like gynecomastia. Therefore, there is a need of potential candidate for the treatment of prostate cancer with better bioavailability, good therapeutic effect and minimal side effects...

BACKGROUND: This prespecified subgroup analysis of the FIDELIO-DKD trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of finerenone in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China. METHODS: 372 participants were recruited from 67 centers in China and randomized 1:1 to oral finerenone or placebo with standard therapy for T2DM. The primary composite outcome included kidney failure, sustained decrease of estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥40% from baseline over at least 4 weeks, or renal death...

AIM: Gynecomastia is a benign proliferation of the glandular tissue of the male breast that causes considerable emotional distress due to restriction of daily activity, especially in young men. In patients with severe gynecomastia, a new approach is described with liposuction combined with circumareolar subcutaneous mastectomy with minimal periareolar scarring, including the elimination of the excess skin. Prospectively recorded data in a period of fifteen-month were evaluated retrospectively for aesthetic outcomes and early and late complications...

We report a case of an SRY-positive 46,XX Indian male who presented with small testis and phallus, poor beard and mustache development and gynecomastia at the age of 24 years. He was biochemically found to have hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. He had 46,XX karyotype and Quantitative Fluorescence-PCR (QF-PCR) identified the SRY gene on the X chromosome. SRY-positive 46 XX male SRS cases usually present as phenotypically male since birth but develop features of hypogonadism, poor testicular development, and infertility after puberty...

The authors report a case of a 29-year-old male presented with bilateral breast enlargement with no significant past medical history or estrogen exposure. Serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was 14,306.60 mIU and positron emission tomography-computed tomography discovered a malignant mass on the right side of anterior superior mediastinum. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated pituitary microadenoma. Pathological biopsy showed poorly differential pituitary adenoma and immunohistochemical staining displayed that CK(+), PLAP(-), AFP(-), HCG(+), CD30(-), Oct3/4(-), CK7(+), TTF-1(-), CD117(-), Ki 67(80+), CK5/6(-), EMA(partial+), inhibin(partial+)...

AIMS: Recent studies have shown that mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) can decrease mortality in patients with heart failure; however, the application of MRAs in current clinical practice is limited because of adverse effects such as hyperkalemia that occur with treatment. Therefore, this meta-analysis used the number needed to treat (NNT) to assess the efficacy and safety of MRAs in patients with chronic heart failure. METHODS: We meta-analysed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which contrasted the impacts of MRAs with placebo...

We present a unique case of a male patient with a history of gynecomastia, who sought medical evaluation due to the discovery of a palpable left breast mass. Mammography revealed a spiculated mass in the upper quadrant of the left breast at 10-o'clock, and subsequent ultrasound and MRI confirmed its presence. Ultrasound-guided biopsy identified the mass as desmoid fibromatosis. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by desmoid fibromatosis, especially in men, as it can mimic breast cancer both clinically and radiologically...

A case of a patient with the Alström syndrome (AS) that was misdiagnosed as Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy or retinitis pigmentosa for 13 years is presented. AS is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the ALMS1 gene. AS may lead to abnormal ciliary formation and function. AS affects metabolism, and symptomatology includes type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ), obesity, hypogonadism and gynecomastia in males, progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, cardiomyopathy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ), cirrhosis, and chronic progressive kidney disease...