gynecomastia

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative disorders. Pathologically, AD and PD are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Hence, they are also called as proteinopathy diseases. Gender is considered as one of the risk factors in both diseases. Estrogens are widely accepted to be neuroprotective in several neurodegenerative disorders. Estrogens can be produced in the central nervous system, where they are called as neurosteroids. Estrogens mediate their neuroprotective action mainly through their actions on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ)...

BACKGROUND: YouTube is a platform for many topics, including plastic surgery. Previous studies have shown poor educational value in YouTube videos of plastic surgery procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality and accuracy of YouTube videos concerning gynecomastia surgery (GS). METHODS: The phrases "gynecomastia surgery" (GS) and "man boobs surgery" (MB) were queried on YouTube. The first 50 videos for each search term were examined. The videos were rated using our novel Gynecomastia Surgery Specific Score to measure gynecomastia-specific information, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) to measure understandability and actionability, and the Global Quality Scale to measure general quality...

BACKGROUND: Despite being a common condition in puberty, only 5-10% of pubertal gynecomastia need surgical treatment. Here the authors present their experiences with infra-areolar subcutaneous mastectomy in the surgical treatment of adolescent gynecomastia. METHODS: The records of patients who underwent infra-areolar subcutaneous mastectomy for adolescent gynecomastia between January 2004 and December 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients' demographic data, complaints and clinical presentation, physical examination, laboratory and radiological findings, surgical management, and postoperative follow-ups were evaluated...

BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of benign male breast tissue enlargement (gynecomastia) has resulted in a marked increase of gynecomastia cases. While about one third of male adults experience some form of gynecomastia, gynecomastia surgery (GS) outcome research is limited to small study populations and single-center/-surgeon databases. In this study, we aimed to access the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database to identify preoperative risk factors for complications and investigate postoperative outcomes of GS...

Lung cancer is the most common neoplastic disorder associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. The most common paraneoplastic syndromes are the syndrome of inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), hypercalcemia of malignancy, ectopic Cushing's syndrome, and various other neurological syndromes. A few case reports have reported gynecomastia as a paraneoplastic syndrome. Recognition of this uncommon presentation can aid in the early detection of associated malignancies, thus potentially improving outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: Primary cutaneous apocrine carcinomas of the axilla represents an extremely rare entity, with <200 cases reported in the literature. It can be challenging, even almost impossible, to distinguish histologically from metastases of breast origin. We herein present the first case of an axillary cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma followed and treated in our institute. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old man with a history of myopathy, presented for a right axillary swelling...

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness and side effects between different medical treatments in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism have not been systematically studied. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy between different mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) inhibitors in a network meta-analysis (NMA) framework, while also evaluating adverse events. DESIGN: Systematic review and NMA. DATA SOURCES AND METHODS: The systematic review and NMA was reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines...

BACKGROUND: Adolescent gynecomastia, a benign proliferation of male breast tissue, can lead to psychological issues during adolescence. The prevalence varies widely (4%-69%). The incidence peaks are during neonatal, pubertal, and senescent periods. Its affect on emotional well-being necessitates understanding and occasional intervention. This study aimed to determine the incidence of gynecomastia among male adolescents aged 12-15 years. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study utilized the Clalit Health Care Services database (2008-2021) with a population of approximately 4...

In this case report, we describe an uncommon presentation of Cushing's syndrome in a patient in their 60s who presented to the emergency department with left-sided chest pain. The initial workup for the patient was unremarkable except for an elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose. A CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis was performed, demonstrating a splenic artery thrombus with multiple splenic infarcts, in addition to a combination of macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, bilateral gynecomastia, centripetal fat distribution and suspected mild bone demineralisation...

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may impact the development of prostate cancer (PCa) by altering the steroid metabolism. Although their exact mechanism of action in controlling tumor growth is not known, EDCs may inhibit steroidogenic enzymes such as CYP17A1 or CYP19A1 which are involved in the production of androgens or estrogens. High levels of circulating androgens are linked to PCa in men and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in women. Essential oils or their metabolites, like lavender oil and tea tree oil, have been reported to act as potential EDCs and contribute towards sex steroid imbalance in cases of prepubertal gynecomastia in boys and premature thelarche in girls due to the exposure to lavender-based fragrances...

A 78-year-old man receiving bicalutamide for prostate cancer was referred for a PSMA PET/CT scan to evaluate his gradually rising prostate-specific antigen level. The PSMA PET/CT revealed gynecomastia with radiotracer uptake in bilateral breast parenchyma, a known but rarely reported effect of bicalutamide monotherapy. This scan also demonstrated metastatic progression of his disease in bone and lymph nodes, and he was started on leuprolide injections. Three months after a decrease in his testosterone level, the radiotracer uptake in his breast tissue had resolved, demonstrating that PSMA-avid bicalutamide-induced gynecomastia is reversible...

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign entity of the breast and typically found incidentally or as a palpable mass. It usually affects women in the reproductive age group. In men, it is associated with gynecomastia. While the exact etiology is unknown, PASH is considered hormonally responsive. The mammography and ultrasonography findings are nonspecific. Grossly, PASH is a well-circumscribed, firm, rubbery mass with solid, homogenous, gray-white cut surface. On histologic examination, it is characterized by the presence of open slit-like spaces in dense collagenous stroma...

Gynecomastia in males is a medical condition that manifests as the abnormal enlargement of male breast tissue and has a variety of potential causes, which mainly classify as physiologic (infancy, puberty, elderly) and pathologic (hyperthyroidism, medications, cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), malignancies). Pathologic causes mainly result from hormonal imbalances. While gynecomastia has been documented in cases of Graves' disease, it is rarely the presenting symptom with very few cases reported in the literature...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to elucidate the external temporary skin plication (ETSP) technique in gynecomastia surgery and evaluate its role in mitigating complications and enhancing cosmetic outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on patients diagnosed with gynecomastia, explicitly falling under Rohrich Grades IIB and III, with dermal quality being a crucial determinant. Between September 2018 and November 2021, surgical interventions were performed on 96 qualifying patients by the senior author...

Background and objective Gynecomastia is a benign proliferation of ductal epithelium in the retroareolar region in male patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of gynecomastia in male patients who underwent thoracic computed tomography (CT) imaging at our clinic, assess possible causes, highlight the imaging characteristics of gynecomastia, and compare our findings with the literature. Materials and methods Male patients over 18 years of age who underwent thoracic CT imaging in our clinic were included in the study...

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PURPOSE: With the increase in obesity epidemic among Asians, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of obesity on this population. Low testosterone levels are known to be associated with obesity. This is the 1st study from Asia to evaluate incidence and magnitude of hypotestosteronemia in young adults with BMI more than 32.5 kg/m2 defined as moderate to severe obesity in Asians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-four male patients with BMI more than 32...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Darolutamide is an androgen receptor inhibitor that increases overall survival in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive and nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). This phase 2 study assessed the efficacy and safety of darolutamide as monotherapy without ADT in patients with eugonadal testosterone levels. METHODS: This was a 24-wk, open-label, randomized study of patients with hormone-sensitive, histologically confirmed PCa requiring gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0/1; and life expectancy >1 yr...

A 79-year-old man with prostate cancer (PCa) was referred to our center to perform a [11 C]Choline PET/CT for biochemical recurrence. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan detected PCa recurrence in the prostate gland and several pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes. Two abnormal uptakes were also identified in the right breast and in the liver, respectively. Breast histological findings turned out to be gynecomastia, while the liver lesion resulted in a benign perfusion anomaly at follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

Breast abscess in males is a rare condition, which accounts for 1%-3% of all documented breast diseases. Males with certain risk factors may develop a breast abscess. The ultrasonographic, mammographic, and pathological characteristics of this case will be highlighted in the report. A 51-year-old morbidly obese Saudi male who is a 160-pack-years smoker presented to our surgical clinic complaining of a right breast mass that presented a long time ago and was changing in size. The mass was painless until 5 days prior to presentation...