Biomedical engineering

Utilising Machine Learning (ML) models to predict dosimetric parameters in pencil beam scanning proton therapy presents a promising and practical approach. The study developed Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models to predict proton beam spot size and relative positional errors using 9000 proton spot data. The irradiation log files as input variables and corresponding scintillation detector measurements as the label values. The ANN models were developed to predict six variables: spot size in the x -axis, y -axis, major axis, minor axis, and relative positional errors in the x -axis and y -axis...

Individuals with neurological disorders often exhibit altered manual dexterity and muscle weakness in their upper limbs. These motor impairments with tremor lead to severe difficulties in performing Activities of Daily Living (ADL). There is a critical need for ADL-focused robotic training that improves individual's strength when engaging with dexterous ADL tasks. This research introduces a new approach to training ADLs by employing a novel robotic rehabilitation system, Spherical Parallel INstrument for Daily Living Emulation (SPINDLE), which incorporates Virtual Reality (VR) to simulate ADL tasks...

Emotion recognition from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is a critical domain in biomedical research with applications ranging from mental disorder regulation to human-computer interaction. In this paper, we address two fundamental aspects of EEG emotion recognition: continuous regression of emotional states and discrete classification of emotions. While classification methods have garnered significant attention, regression methods remain relatively under-explored. To bridge this gap, we introduce MASA-TCN, a novel unified model that leverages the spatial learning capabilities of Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs) for EEG emotion regression and classification tasks...

Human activity recognition has played a crucial role in healthcare information systems due to the fast adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of thing (IoT). Most of the existing methods are still limited by computational energy, transmission latency, and computing speed. To address these challenges, we develop an efficient human activity recognition in-memory computing architecture for healthcare monitoring. Specifically, a mechanism-oriented model of Ag/a-Carbon/Ag memristor is designed, serving as the core circuit component of the proposed in-memory computing system...

The development of single-system materials that exhibit both multi-color room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with tunable afterglow colors and channels is challenging. In this study, we developed four metal-free carbon dots (CDs) through structural tailoring and achieved panchromatic high-brightness RTP via strong chemical encapsulation in urea. The maximum lifetime and quantum yield reached 2141 ms and 56.55%, respectively. Moreover, CDs-IV@urea, prepared via core-shell interaction engineering, exhibited a dual afterglow of red RTP at 622 nm and green TADF...

While valued for their durability and exceptional performance, crosslinked thermosets are challenging to recycle and reuse. Here, we unveil inherent reprocessability in industrially relevant polyolefin thermosets. Unlike prior methods, our approach eliminates the need to introduce exchangeable functionality to regenerate the material, relying instead on preserving the activity of the metathesis catalyst employed in the curing reaction. Frontal ring opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) proves critical to preserving this activity...

The development of a bio-sensing strategy based on CRISPR/Cas that is exceptionally sensitive is crucial for the identification of trace molecules. Colorimetric miRNA detection utilizing CRISPR/Cas13a-triggered DNAzyme signal amplification was described in this article. The developed strategy was implemented for miRNA-21 detection as a proof of concept. The cleavage activity of Cas13a was triggered when the target molecule bonded to the Cas13a-crRNA complex and cleaved uracil ribonucleotides (rU) in the substrate probe...

There are numerous effective procedures for cell signaling, in which humans directly transmit detectable signals to cells to govern their essential behaviors. From a biomedical perspective, the cellular response to the combined influence of electrical and magnetic fields holds significant promise in various domains, such as cancer treatment, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, and wound healing. Among these modern cell signaling methods, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) play a pivotal role; however, there remains a paucity of knowledge concerning the effects of EMFs across all wavelengths...

Mechanistic Monte Carlo simulations calculating DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation are highly dependent on the simulation parameters. In the present study, using the Geant4-DNA toolkit, the impact of different parameters on DNA damage induced in a bacterial cell by X- and gamma-ray irradiation was investigated. Three geometry configurations, including the simple (without DNA details), the random (a random multiplication of identical DNA segments), and the fractal (a regular replication of DNA segments using fractal Hilbert curves), were simulated...

Schizophrenia (SZ) has been acknowledged as a highly intricate mental disorder for a long time. In fact, individuals with SZ experience a blurred line between fantasy and reality, leading to a lack of awareness about their condition, which can pose significant challenges during the treatment process. Due to the importance of the issue, timely diagnosis of this illness can not only assist patients and their families in managing the condition but also enable early intervention, which may help prevent its advancement...

Development of a tear in the abdominal wall allowing for protrusion of intra-abdominal contents is known as a hernia. This can cause pain, discomfort, and may need surgical repair. Hernias can affect people of any age or demographic. In the USA, over 1 million hernia repair procedures are performed each year. During these surgeries, it is common for a mesh to be utilized to strengthen the repair. Different techniques allow for the mesh to be placed in different anatomical planes depending on hernia location and approach...

Millions of people are subject to infertility worldwide and one in every six people, regardless of gender, experiences infertility at some period in their life, according to the World Health Organization. Assisted reproductive technologies are defined as a set of procedures that can address the infertility issue among couples, culminating in the alleviation of the condition. However, the costly conventional procedures of assisted reproduction and the inherent vagaries of the processes involved represent a setback for its successful implementation...

OBJECTIVES: The study focused on developing a reliable real-time venous localization, identification, and visualization framework based upon deep learning (DL) self-parametrized Convolution Neural Network (CNN) algorithm for segmentation of the venous map for both lower and upper limb dataset acquired under unconstrained conditions using near-infrared (NIR) imaging setup, specifically to assist vascular surgeons during venipuncture, vascular surgeries, or Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) treatments...

Due to their high-quality characteristics, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have become the most widely used and reliable host cells for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins in the biomedical field. Previous studies have shown that the m6A reader YTHDF3, which contains the YTH domain, can affect a variety of biological processes by regulating the translation and stability of target mRNAs. This study investigates the effect of YTHDF3 on transgenic CHO cells. The results indicate that stable overexpression of YTHDF3 significantly enhances recombinant protein expression without affecting host cell growth...

SIGNIFICANCE: Compressed sensing (CS) uses special measurement designs combined with powerful mathematical algorithms to reduce the amount of data to be collected while maintaining image quality. This is relevant to almost any imaging modality, and in this paper we focus on CS in photoacoustic projection imaging (PAPI) with integrating line detectors (ILDs). AIM: Our previous research involved rather general CS measurements, where each ILD can contribute to any measurement...

SIGNIFICANCE: Current methods for wound healing assessment rely on visual inspection, which gives qualitative information. Optical methods allow for quantitative non-invasive measurements of optical properties relevant to wound healing. AIM: Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) measures the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of tissue. Typically, SFDI assumes homogeneous tissue; however, layered structures are present in skin. We evaluate a multi-frequency approach to process SFDI data that estimates depth-specific scattering over differing penetration depths...

OBJECTIVE: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is recognized as a safe and effective therapy for regenerative skin healing and rejuvenation, utilizing autologous blood enriched with various growth factors. This review aims to assess the efficacy of PRP treatments for skin rejuvenation. METHODS: Keywords such as "platelet-rich plasma," "rejuvenation," "skin aging," and "wrinkles" were queried on Ovid, PubMed, and MEDLINE to identify pertinent studies on PRP treatment for skin rejuvenation...

OBJECTIVE: To compare emotional responses elicited by four cosmetic products on different sensory modalities (smell, visual, and touch), and analyze the link between objective instrumental analysis results and subjective evaluation of participants occurring within dimensional valence-arousal model of emotions. METHODS: In this study, four cream products exhibiting variations in olfactory perception, visual appearance and perception usability were selected. Electroencephalography (EEG) and a subjective emotion scale were used to assess participants' emotional responses during the sensory experience of utilizing the creams...

AIM: To evaluate the potential of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) in conjunction with magnetic fields (MFs) to enhance osteoblast cytomechanics, promote cell homing, bone development activity, and antibacterial capabilities, and to assess their in vivo angiogenic viability using the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Experimental study conducted in a laboratory setting to investigate the effects of FeNPs and MFs on osteoblast cells and angiogenesis using a custom titanium (Ti) substrate coated with FeNPs...

Fiber-based artificial muscles are promising for smart textiles capable of sensing, interacting, and adapting to environmental stimuli. However, the application of current artificial muscle-based textiles in wearable and engineering fields has largely remained a constraint due to the limited deformation, restrictive stimulation, and uncomfortable. Here, dual-responsive yarn muscles with high contractile actuation force are fabricated by incorporating a very small fraction (<1 wt.%) of Ti3 C2 Tx MXene/cellulose nanofibers (CNF) composites into self-plied and twisted wool yarns...