ADH

BACKGROUND: Diabetes insipidus is a syndrome characterized by polyuria, which is almost always associated with polydipsia. The most frequent cause is central diabetes insipidus, which is the result of an inadequate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone, and diagnosis involves differentiating it from other causes of polyuria and polydipsia. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we present a clinical case of a previously healthy 13-year-old Nepali boy, who, in December 2022, was found to have intense polydipsia accompanied by polyuria...

Evidence from the Oxford IgA nephropathy (IgAN) cohort supports the clinical value of subclassifying focal segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions (S1). Using the larger Validation in IgA (VALIGA) study cohort, we investigated the association between podocytopathic changes and higher proteinuria, kidney outcome and response to immunosuppressive therapy. All biopsies were evaluated for glomeruli with segmental capillary occlusion by matrix ("not otherwise specified", NOS lesion), simple capsular adhesion without capillary occlusion (Adh), tip lesions, and podocyte hypertrophy (PH)...

Postoperative abdominal adhesions are a common clinical problem after surgery and can cause many serious complications. Current most commonly used antiadhesion products are less effective due to their short residence time and focus primary on barrier function. Herein, we developed a sprayable hydrogel barrier (sHA-ADH/OHA-E) with self-regulated drug release based on ROS levels at the trauma site, to serve as a smart inflammatory microenvironment modulator and GATA6+ macrophages trap for non-adherent recovery from abdominal surgery...

OBJECTIVE: Fibroadenomas (FAs) involved by atypia are rare. Consensus guidelines for management of FAs involved by atypia when diagnosed on image-guided biopsy do not exist because of limited data reporting surgical upgrade rates to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive malignancy. Therefore, these lesions commonly undergo surgical excision. METHODS: This single-institution retrospective study identified cases of FAs involved by atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH), and/or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) diagnosed on image-guided biopsy between January 2014 and April 2023 to determine upgrade rates...

INTRODUCTION: Liver disease causes 2 million deaths annually, accounting for 4% of all deaths worldwide. Liver surgery is one of the effective therapeutic options. Bleeding is a major complication during liver surgery. Perioperative bleeding and allogeneic blood transfusion may deteriorate the prognosis. Terlipressin (TP), a synthetic analogue of the antidiuretic hormone, may reduceblood loss during abdominal surgery. Several clinical centres have attempted to use TP during liver surgery, but the evidence for its effectiveness in reducing blood loss and the need for allogeneic blood transfusion, as well as its safety during the perioperative period, remains unclear...

A man in his 60s presented to the clinic due to night sweats and weight loss following pneumonia. He was found to have hyponatraemia due to a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). CT of the thorax was concerning for pulmonary nodules. He was ultimately diagnosed with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis (CM) and started on fluconazole 400 mg daily with improvement in symptoms. Due to the report of headaches, head MRI was conducted which suggested central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was consistent with CNS CM and head magnetic resonance angiography confirmed the presence of CNS vasculitis...

Postmortem interval may be estimated based on the age of insect evidence collected on a death scene. Reference data that are used in such estimation frequently comprise thermal summation constant (i.e. k ), which is equal to the insect age upon completion of immature development expressed in accumulated degree-days or degree-hours (ADD or ADH). Essentially, k is a central point of an insect group and it may poorly represent insect evidence that is near the limits of variation for the group. Accordingly, it was postulated to calibrate k for particular insect evidence and insect size and sex were found to be useful for this purpose in some of the species...

Hypopituitarism (or pituitary deficiency) is a rare disease with an estimated prevalence of between 1/16,000 and 1/26,000 individuals, defined by insufficient production of one or several anterior pituitary hormones (growth hormone [GH], thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH], luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], prolactin), in association or not with diabetes insipidus (antidiuretic hormone [ADH] deficiency). While in adults hypopituitarism is mostly an acquired disease (tumors, irradiation), in children it is most often a congenital condition, due to abnormal pituitary development...

Lactobacillus kefir alcohol dehydrogenase ( Lk ADH) and ketoreductase from Chryseobacterium sp . CA49 ( Ch KRED12) exhibit different chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity toward a substrate with both keto and aldehyde carbonyl groups. Lk ADH selectively reduces the keto carbonyl group while retaining the aldehyde carbonyl group, producing optically pure R -alcohols. In contrast, Ch KRED12 selectively reduces the aldehyde group and exhibits low reactivity toward ketone carbonyls. This study investigated the structural basis for these differences and the role of specific residues in the active site...

BACKGROUND: A child's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with strain for the parents. In turn, psychosocial parental strain is associated with higher probabilities for the occurrence of inattention/hyperactivity symptoms (IHS) in their children. The aim of this paper is to assess the association between parental strain, IHS, and a parent-reported ADHD diagnosis of the children. METHODOLOGY: Based on data from n = 4596 participants of the KiGGS cohort (wave 2: 2014-2017), the type and extent of parental strain was set in relation to IHS and an ADHD diagnosis of the child in cross-sectional analysis...

Paenibacillus polymyxa is a non-pathogenic, Gram-positive bacterium endowed with a rich and versatile metabolism. However interesting, this bacterium has been seldom used for bioproduction thus far. In this study, we engineered P. polymyxa for isobutanol production, a relevant bulk chemical and next-generation biofuel. A CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing tool facilitated the chromosomal integration of a synthetic operon to establish isobutanol production. The 2,3-butanediol biosynthesis pathway, leading to the main fermentation product of P...

Lung cancer is the most common neoplastic disorder associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. The most common paraneoplastic syndromes are the syndrome of inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), hypercalcemia of malignancy, ectopic Cushing's syndrome, and various other neurological syndromes. A few case reports have reported gynecomastia as a paraneoplastic syndrome. Recognition of this uncommon presentation can aid in the early detection of associated malignancies, thus potentially improving outcomes...

Klebsiella pneumoniae can use glucose or glycerol as carbon sources to produce 1,3-propanediol or 2,3-butanediol, respectively. In the metabolism of Klebsiella pneumoniae, hydrogenase-3 is responsible for H2 production from formic acid, but it is not directly related to the synthesis pathways for 1,3-propanediol and 2,3-butanediol. In the first part of this research, hycEFG, which encodes subunits of the enzyme hydrogenase-3, was knocked out, so K. pneumoniae ΔhycEFG lost the ability to produce H2 during cultivation using glycerol as a carbon source...

BACKGROUND: Standardizing and formalizing consent processes and forms can prevent ambiguities, convey a more precise meaning, and support machine interpretation of consent terms. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to introduce a systematic approach to standardize and digitize pediatric consent forms, which are complex due to legal requirements for child and legal guardian involvement. METHODS: First, we reviewed the consent requirements from the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) and we used 21 Arizona pediatric treatment consents from five healthcare organizations to propose and evaluate an implementation-agnostic Consent for Treatment Framework...

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are synthetically important biocatalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral alcohols. The catalytic performance of ADHs in the presence of organic solvents is often important since most prochiral ketones are highly hydrophobic. Here, the organic solvent tolerance of KpADH from Kluyveromyces polyspora was semi-rationally evolved. Using tolerant variants obtained, meticulous experiments and computational studies were conducted to explore properties including stability, activity and kinetics in the presence of various organic solvents...

Elevated fasting ethanol levels in peripheral blood frequently found in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD) patients even in the absence of alcohol consumption are discussed to contribute to disease development. To test the hypothesis that besides an enhanced gastrointestinal synthesis a diminished alcohol elimination through alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) may also be critical herein, we determined fasting ethanol levels and ADH activity in livers and blood of MASLD patients and in wild-type ± anti-TNFα antibody (infliximab) treated and TNFα-/- mice fed a MASLD-inducing diet...

The brain possesses intricate mechanisms for monitoring sodium (Na) levels in body fluids. During prolonged dehydration, the brain detects variations in body fluids and produces sensations of thirst and aversions to salty tastes. At the core of these processes Nax , the brain's Na sensor, exists. Specialized neural nuclei, namely the subfornical organ (SFO) and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), which lack the blood-brain barrier, play pivotal roles. Within the glia enveloping the neurons in these regions, Nax collaborates with Na+ /K+ -ATPase and glycolytic enzymes to drive glycolysis in response to elevated Na levels...

Peripheral nerve block is performed for precise pain control and lesser side effects after surgery by reducing opioid consumption. Injectable hydrogel delivery systems with high biosafety and moisture content have good clinical application prospects for local anesthetic delivery. However, how to achieve high drug loading and long-term controlled release of water-soluble narcotic drugs remains a big challenge. In this study, heterogeneous microspheres and an injectable gel-matrix composite drug delivery system are designed in two steps...

Wound healing is a dynamic and complex biological process, and traditional biological excipients cannot meet the needs of the wound healing process, and there is an urgent need for a biological dressing with multifunctionality and the ability to participate in all stages of wound healing. This study developed tea polyphenol (TP)-incorporated multifunctional hydrogel based on oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide (OBSP) and adipic acid dihydrazide modified gelatin (Gel-ADH) with antimicrobial, antioxidant hemostatic, and anti-inflammatory properties to promote wound healing...

Background Pneumonia is a condition characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma. It is one of the leading causes of mortality in children below five years of age. While predominantly prevalent in developing countries, it is also associated with significant healthcare-associated costs in developed countries. Among the many risk factors for childhood pneumonia, incomplete immunization, nonexclusive breastfeeding for less than six months, delayed weaning, poor household air quality, malnutrition, and low birth weight are the most commonly found...