keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518206/self-perception-of-risk-for-hiv-acquisition-and-calculated-risk-for-hiv-acquisition-among-active-duty-air-force-members-with-newly-diagnosed-hiv-infection
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Audie B Schmid, Jason F Okulicz, Walter Mika, Shilpa Hakre, Joseph M Yabes
INTRODUCTION: There have been nearly 1,600 new diagnoses of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) across the US Armed Forces between 2017 and 2022. While treatment has improved overall survival, self-perception of acquiring HIV may not align with actual risk of acquiring HIV, thus slowing diagnosis and treatment. We aim to evaluate self-perceived risk (SPR) versus calculated risk (CR) of HIV infection in US Air Force (USAF) members with incident HIV diagnosis. METHODS: All USAF members with new HIV diagnosis evaluated at a specialty care military medical center between January 2015 and March 2020 with case report forms were included (n = 142)...
March 22, 2024: Military Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515273/superstructure-assisted-single-atom-catalysis-on-tungsten-carbides-for-bifunctional-oxygen-reactions
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongguan Li, Wu Wang, Sikang Xue, Jiarui He, Chen Liu, Guangying Gao, Shuanlong Di, Shulan Wang, Jing Wang, Zhiyang Yu, Li Li
Single-atom catalysis (SAC) attracts wide interest for zinc-air batteries that require high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reactions. However, catalyst design is still highly challenging because of the insufficient driving force for promoting multiple-electron transfer kinetics. Herein, we report a superstructure-assisted SAC on tungsten carbides for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. In addition to the usual single atomic sites, strikingly, we reveal the presence of highly ordered Co superstructures in the interfacial region with tungsten carbides that induce internal strain and promote bifunctional catalysis...
March 21, 2024: Journal of the American Chemical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514759/frost-protection-mechanism-based-on-rubber-airbag-interlayered-composite-lining-system-for-cold-region-tunnels
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuping Xu, Yang Liu, Wenge Qiu
To solve the problem of freezing damage in cold-region tunnels, this study proposed a rubber airbag interlayered composite lining system, and tested its performance of buffering, pressure adjustment, waterproofing, and heat preservation by simulating a low-temperature environment in an artificial freezing chamber. The experiment results show that the frost-heaving force exerted on the lining can always be lower than 1.69 kPa by constantly adjusting the airbag pressure, and the maximum frost-heaving force can reach 28...
March 21, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514297/a-retrospective-study-of-occlusal-reconstruction-in-patients-with-old-jaw-fractures-and-dentition-defects
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ming-Chao Ding, Bo-Ya Jing, Jin Shi, Liu Yang, Xiang-Dong Liu, Jing-Fu Wang, Shuang Qu, Jia-Wu Liang, Zi-Hao Tang, Jin-Long Zhao, Lei Tian
PURPOSE: This study evaluated the methods and clinical effects of multidisciplinary collaborative treatment for occlusal reconstruction in patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects. METHODS: Patients with old jaw fractures and dentition defects who underwent occlusal reconstruction at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022 were enrolled. Clinical treatment was classified into 3 phases...
March 11, 2024: Chinese Journal of Traumatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513853/urban-canopy-airflow-dynamics-a-numerical-investigation-of-drag-forces-and-distribution-for-generic-neighborhoods-and-their-relationships-with-breathability
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mingjie Zhang, Xin Guo, Jiaying Li, Zhi Gao, Guohua Ji, Jianshun Zhang, Rriccardo Buccolieri
Thorough investigations of urban-canopy drag primarily stemming from pressure drag on building surfaces are necessary given the turbulent flows within complex urban areas. Moreover, a gap persists regarding the relationships between canopy drag and breathability. Therefore, this work delves into the canopy-layer airflow dynamics for generic urban neighborhoods by performing three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations. A total of 32 subcases are examined, encompassing uniform- and varying-height and diverse plan area densities (λp , categorized into groups of sparse: 0...
March 19, 2024: Science of the Total Environment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513432/in-situ-characterization-of-heterogeneous-surface-wetting-in-porous-materials
#26
REVIEW
Ying Da Wang, Luke M Kearney, Martin J Blunt, Chenhao Sun, Kunning Tang, Peyman Mostaghimi, Ryan T Armstrong
The performance of nano- and micro-porous materials in capturing and releasing fluids, such as during CO2 geo-storage and water/gas removal in fuel cells and electrolyzers, is determined by their wettability in contact with the solid. However, accurately characterizing wettability is challenging due to spatial variations in dynamic forces, chemical heterogeneity, and surface roughness. In situ measurements can potentially measure wettability locally as a contact angle - the angle a denser phase (e.g water) contacts solid in the presence of a second phase (e...
March 11, 2024: Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512056/nanoflower-like-nico-2-o-4-composite-graphene-oxide-as-a-bifunctional-catalyst-for-zinc-air-battery-cathode
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lixiang Fu, Yifan Yao, Jingling Ma, Zhikang Zhang, Guangxin Wang, Weifeng Wei
Developing efficient bifunctional catalysts for nonprecious metal-based oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) is crucial to enhance the practical application of zinc-air batteries. The study harnessed electrostatic forces to anchor the nanoflower-like NiCo2 O4 onto graphene oxide, mitigating the poor inherent conductivity in NiCo2 O4 as a transition metal oxide and preventing excessive agglomeration of the nanoflower-like structures during catalysis. Consequently, the resulting composite, NiCo2 O4 -GO/C, exhibited notably superior ORR and OER catalytic performance compared to pure nanoflower-like NiCo2 O4 ...
March 21, 2024: Langmuir: the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506613/two-dimensional-air-stable-non-layered-ferrimagnetic-fecr-2-s-4-crystals-synthesized-via-chemical-vapor-deposition
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lei Liu, Qin Yu, Jing Xia, Wenxiao Shi, Dong Wang, Juanxia Wu, Liming Xie, Yuansha Chen, Liying Jiao
The discovery of intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials has opened up new opportunities for exploring magnetic properties at atomic layer thicknesses, presenting potential applications in spintronic devices. Here we have synthesized a new 2D ferrimagnetic crystal of non-layered FeCr2 S4 with high phase purity using chemical vapor deposition. The obtained 2D FeCr2 S4 exhibited perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, as evidenced by the out-of-plane/in-plane Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance...
March 20, 2024: Advanced Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505053/can-a-stapling-device-with-bioabsorbable-polyglycolic-acid-felt-reduce-intraoperative-air-leak
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takashi Makino, Takuma Matsumura, Masakazu Kono, Yoichi Anami
BACKGROUND: Currently, it is unknown whether polyglycolic acid (PGA) felt staplers can reduce the occurrence of intraoperative air leaks. We investigated whether staplers with bioabsorbable PGA felt reduced intraoperative air leakage compared to the conventional stapler in patients undergoing lung resection. METHODS: From 2013 to 2021, 211 patients diagnosed with lung cancer or pulmonary metastasis underwent lung resection using only PGA felt (n=88) or conventional (n=123) staplers at Tokyo Rosai Hospital...
February 29, 2024: Journal of Thoracic Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502165/developing-a-text-messaging-intervention-to-prevent-binge-and-heavy-drinking-in-a-military-population-mixed-methods-development-study
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chase A Aycock, Indika Mallawaarachchi, Xin-Qun Wang, Daniel G Cassidy, Jordan M Ellis, Robert C Klesges, G Wayne Talcott, Kara Wiseman
BACKGROUND: Alcohol misuse is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and a significant problem in the US military. Brief alcohol interventions can reduce negative alcohol outcomes in civilian and military populations, but additional scalable interventions are needed to reduce binge and heavy drinking. SMS text messaging interventions could address this need, but to date, no programs exist for military populations. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop an SMS text messaging intervention to address binge and heavy drinking among Airmen in Technical Training in the US Air Force...
March 19, 2024: JMIR Formative Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495520/internet-of-things-based-management-versus-standard-management-of-home-noninvasive-ventilation-in-copd-patients-with-hypercapnic-chronic-respiratory-failure-a-multicentre-randomized-controlled-non-inferiority-trial
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Weipeng Jiang, Xiaoyan Jin, Chunling Du, Wenchao Gu, Xiwen Gao, Chenjun Zhou, Chunlin Tu, Hongqun Chen, Hong Li, Yao Shen, Yunfeng Zhang, Xiahui Ge, Yingxin Sun, Lei Zhou, Suyun Yu, Kaishun Zhao, Qing Cheng, Xiaodan Zhu, Hongen Liao, Chunxue Bai, Yuanlin Song
BACKGROUND: Effective monitoring and management are crucial during long-term home noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in patients with hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study investigated the benefit of Internet of Things (IOT)-based management of home NPPV. METHODS: This multicenter, prospective, parallel-group, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial enrolled patients requiring long-term home NPPV for hypercapnic COPD...
April 2024: EClinicalMedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493642/measurement-and-characteristics-of-radon-flow-in-an-extremely-arid-region-based-on-a-closed-system-earth-air-model
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongshou Li, Fei Li, Shunren Wang
Radon (222 Rn) is a radioactive gas that occurs naturally in the soil and is harmful to the environment and health. However, the measuring the amount of radon flowing is challenging. This study reveals the mechanism responsible for radon transportation and concentration variation, the main driving forces acting, and the key factors operating in the vadose zone. In this study, two separate holes were used to monitor the amount of earth-air and radon flowing in and out of the soil in the extremely arid region in China where the Mogao Grottoes are located...
March 16, 2024: Journal of Environmental Management
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488060/ultrafast-nanodrum-on-chip-pixels
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jialu Li, James Andell Hutchison, Dan Smith, Hao Wu, Paul Mulvaney
Environmentally friendly, ultrafast display pixels of micrometer sizes are fabricated with nanometer-thick gold films and Si/SiO2 wafers. The color displayed is due to both the plasmon response of the gold film and the optical interference from the Fabry-Peerot cavity formed by the underlying silicon substrate, the semitransparent gold film and the air gap between them. When an electric potential is applied to the gold film, the electrostatic force induces an attraction between the gold film and the silicon wafer...
March 15, 2024: Nano Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38487901/a-thermal-performance-curve-perspective-explains-decades-of-disagreements-over-how-air-temperature-affects-the-flight-metabolism-of-honey-bees
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jordan R Glass, Jon F Harrison
While multiple studies have shown that honey bees and some other flying insects lower their flight metabolic rates when flying at high air temperatures, critics have suggested such patterns result from poor experimental methods as, theoretically, air temperature should not appreciably affect aerodynamic force requirements. Here, we show that apparently contradictory studies can be reconciled by considering the thermal performance curve of flight muscle. We show that prior studies that found no effects of air temperature on flight metabolism of honey bees achieved flight muscle temperatures that were near or on equal, opposite sides of the thermal performance curve...
March 15, 2024: Journal of Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486320/an-interview-with-dr-stanley-white-one-of-nasa-s-first-flight-surgeons
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Charles R Doarn
BACKGROUND: In the early days of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), medicine in support of the astronauts was led by military experts from the U.S. Air Force as well as experts from the U.S. Navy and U.S. Army. In the early years, a physician with expertise in aerospace medicine was assigned to the Space Task Group and then to NASA. One of these individuals was Dr. Stanley White, a U.S. Air Force physician. To capture more of the early space medicine pioneers, a contract was established between the National Library of Medicine and the principal investigator at the University of Cincinnati to conduct a series of interviews with these early pioneers...
April 1, 2024: Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485358/the-association-between-safety-climate-and-noncombat-injury-events-among-united-states-air-force-workers
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina M Socias-Morales, Emily J Haas, Melody Gwilliam, Patrick L Yorio, Nancy B Delaney, Rachael G Falcon, Heidi A Stallings, Bruce R Burnham, David M Stuever, Stephen M Stouder, Geoffrey L Ewing, James W Collins, Cammie K Chaumont Menendez
INTRODUCTION: Work-related injuries are a common lagging safety indicator whereas safety climate assessments can help identify constructs serving as leading indicators. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) partnered with the U.S. Department of the Air Force (DAF) Safety Center to examine the association between perceptions of safety climate survey constructs and the number of injury events within the DAF workforce. METHODS: The DAF administers voluntary, anonymous, occupation-specific safety climate surveys to DAF workers using the internal Air Force Combined Mishap Reduction System (AFCMRS)...
February 2024: Journal of Safety Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484525/interfacial-processes-underlying-the-temperature-dependence-of-friction-and-wear-of-calcite-single-crystals
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Binxin Fu, Rosa M Espinosa-Marzal
HYPOTHESIS: This study posits that thermal effects play a substantial role in influencing interfacial processes on calcite, and consequently impacting its mechanochemical properties. EXPERIMENTS: This work interrogates the temperature-dependence of friction and wear at nanoscale contacts with calcite single crystals at low air humidity (≤ 3-10 % RH) by AFM. FINDINGS: Three logarithmic regimes for the velocity-dependence of friction are identified...
March 6, 2024: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481403/full-phenology-cycle-carbon-flux-dynamics-and-driving-mechanism-of-moso-bamboo-forest
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cenheng Xu, Fangjie Mao, Huaqiang Du, Xuejian Li, Jiaqian Sun, Fengfeng Ye, Zhaodong Zheng, Xianfeng Teng, Ningxin Yang
INTRODUCTION: Moso bamboo forests, widely distributed in subtropical regions, are increasingly valued for their strong carbon sequestration capacity. However, the carbon flux variations and the driving mechanisms of Moso bamboo forest ecosystems of each phenology period have not been adequately explained. METHODS: Hence, this study utilizes comprehensive observational data from a Moso bamboo forest eddy covariance observation for the full phenological cycle (2011-2015), fitting a light response equation to elucidate the evolving dynamics of carbon fluxes and photosynthetic characteristics throughout the entire phenological cycle, and employing correlation and path analysis to reveal the response mechanisms of carbon fluxes to both biotic and abiotic factors...
2024: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38480763/improving-our-understanding-of-future-tropical-cyclone-intensities-in-the-caribbean-using-a-high-resolution-regional-climate-model
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Job C M Dullaart, Hylke de Vries, Nadia Bloemendaal, Jeroen C J H Aerts, Sanne Muis
The Caribbean region is prone to the strong winds and low air pressures of tropical cyclones and their corresponding storm surge that driving coastal flooding. To protect coastal communities from the impacts of tropical cyclones, it is important to understand how this impact of tropical cyclones might change towards the future. This study applies the storyline approach to show what tropical cyclones Maria (2017) and Dorian (2019) could look like in a 2 °C and 3.4 °C warmer future climate...
March 13, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479819/characteristics-of-pulse-oximetry-and-arterial-blood-gas-in-patients-with-fibrotic-interstitial-lung-disease
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mira A Donaldson, Kathryn Donohoe, Deborah Assayag, Celine Durand, Jolene H Fisher, Kerri Johannson, Martin Kolb, Stacey D Lok, Hélène Manganas, Veronica Marcoux, Bohyung Min, Julie Morisset, Daniel-Costin Marinescu, Christopher J Ryerson
BACKGROUND: Fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) is frequently associated with abnormal oxygenation; however, little is known about the accuracy of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2 ) compared with arterial blood gas (ABG) saturation (SaO2 ), the factors that influence the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2 ) and the impact of PaCO2 on outcomes in patients with fibrotic ILD. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with fibrotic ILD enrolled in a large prospective registry with a room air ABG were included...
March 13, 2024: BMJ Open Respiratory Research
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