PET

PURPOSE: Because of atypical response imaging patterns in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs), new biomarkers are needed for a better monitoring of treatment efficacy. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the prognostic value of volume-derived positron-emission tomography (PET) parameters on baseline and follow-up 18 F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose PET (18 F-FDG-PET) scans and compare it with the conventional PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST)...

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OBJECTIVES: Epigenetically modified fibroblasts contribute to chronicity in inflammatory diseases. Reasons for the relapsing character of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) remain obscure, including the role of fibroblasts, in part due to limited access to biopsies of involved tissue.68Ga FAPI-46 (FAPI)-PET/CT detects activated fibroblasts in vivo. In this exploratory pilot study, we tested the detection of fibroblast activation in vessel walls using FAPI-PET/CT in LVV with aortitis. METHODS: 8 LVV patients with aortitis and 8 age- and gender-matched controls were included...

BACKGROUND: Peripheral neurolymphomatosis (NL) is an often-misdiagnosed condition characterized by lymphomatous infiltration within the peripheral nerves. Its rarity and complexity frequently result in delayed diagnosis and suboptimal patient outcomes. This study aims to elucidate the role of the paraneurium (circumneurium) in NL, emphasizing its diagnostic and therapeutic significance. OBSERVATIONS: A 72-year-old man presented with lesions on his right lower eyelid...

BACKGROUND: Data-driven gated (DDG) PET has gained clinical acceptance and has been shown to match or outperform external-device gated (EDG) PET. However, in most clinical applications, DDG PET is matched with helical CT acquired in free breathing (FB) at a random respiratory phase, leaving registration, and optimal attenuation correction (AC) to chance. Furthermore, DDG PET requires additional scan time to reduce image noise as it only preserves 35%-50% of the PET data at or near the end-expiratory phase of the breathing cycle...

We report the synthesis of biocompatible perfluorinated micelles designed to improve radiotherapeutic efficacy in a radioresistant tumor environment. In vitro and in vivo behaviors of perfluorinated micelles were assessed at both cellular and tissular levels. The micellar platform offers key advantages as theranostic tool: (i) small size, allowing deep tissue penetration; (ii) oxygen transport to hypoxic tissues; (iii) negligible toxicity in the absence of ionizing radiation; (iv) internalization into cancer cells; (v) potent radiosensitizing effect; and (vi) excellent tumor-targeting properties, as monitored by positron emission tomography...

United States (US) Special Operations Forces (SOF) are frequently exposed to explosive blasts in training and combat, but the effects of repeated blast exposure (RBE) on SOF brain health are incompletely understood. Furthermore, there is no diagnostic test to detect brain injury from RBE. As a result, SOF personnel may experience cognitive, physical, and psychological symptoms for which the cause is never identified, and they may return to training or combat during a period of brain vulnerability. In 30 active-duty US SOF, we assessed the relationship between cumulative blast exposure and cognitive performance, psychological health, physical symptoms, blood proteomics, and neuroimaging measures (Connectome structural and diffusion MRI, 7 Tesla functional MRI, [11 C]PBR28 translocator protein [TSPO] positron emission tomography [PET]-MRI, and [18 F]MK6240 tau PET-MRI), adjusting for age, combat exposure, and blunt head trauma...

INTRODUCTION: We investigated the association between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and regional cortical thickness, amyloid and tau deposition, and synaptic density in the WMH-connected cortex using multimodal images. METHODS: We included 107 participants (59 with Alzheimer's disease [AD]; 27 with mild cognitive impairment; 21 cognitively normal controls) with amyloid beta (Aβ) positivity on amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). The cortex connected to WMH was identified using probabilistic tractography...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by antimicrobial resistant bacteria is common in dogs leading to serious health impact in pet animal as well as on human health. Understanding the prevalent uropathogens and their drug susceptibility is essential for limiting the antimicrobial resistance through implementation of stewardship policies. In view of this, present study was envisaged to determine the prevalent bacterial uropathogens and their antibiogram from clinical cases of canine UTI. Urine samples were collected from 35 dogs presented with clinical signs of UTI and a total of 27 bacterial isolates were recovered...

Highly solid-state fluorescent dyes based on phenothiazine bearing sulfa-drug derivatives were successfully prepared and fully characterized by NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. The prepared phenothiazine dyes bearing sulfadiazine and sulfathiazole 4-(((10-hexyl-10 H-phenothiazin-3-yl)methylene)amino)-N-(pyrimidin-2yl) benzenesulfonamide (PTZ-1) and 4-(((10-hexyl-10 H-phenothiazin-3-yl) methylene) amino)-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (PTZ-2), showed strong emission in polycrystalline form, and significant emission in solution was observed...

PURPOSE: Bayesian penalised likelihood (BPL) reconstruction, which incorporates point-spread-function (PSF) correction, provides higher signal-to-noise ratios and more accurate quantitation than conventional ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction. However, applying PSF correction to brain PET imaging is controversial due to Gibbs artefacts that manifest as unpredicted cortical uptake enhancement. The present study aimed to validate whether BPL without PSF would be useful for amyloid PET imaging...

BACKGROUND: The accumulation of fast-growing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes has posed numerous threats to the environments and human health. Enzymatic degradation of PET is a promising approach for PET waste treatment. Currently, the efficiency of various PET biodegradation systems requires further improvements. RESULTS: In this work, we engineered whole cell systems with co-display of strong adhesive proteins and the most active PETase for PET biodegradation in E...

INTRODUCTION: Voxel-based dosimetry offers improved outcomes in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with transarterial radioembolization (TARE) using glass microspheres. However, the adaptation of voxel-based dosimetry to resin-based microspheres has been poorly studied, and the prognostic relevance of heterogeneous dose distribution remains unclear. This study aims to explore the use of dose-volume histograms for resin microspheres and to determine thresholds for objective metabolic response in HCC patients treated with resin-based TARE...

The escalating crisis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastic contamination in biological wastewater treatment systems is a pressing environmental concern. These microplastics inevitably accumulate in sewage sludge due to the absence of effective removal technologies. Addressing this urgent issue, this study introduces a novel approach using DuraPETase, a potent enzyme with enhanced PET hydrolytic activity at ambient temperatures. Remarkably, this enzyme was successfully secreted from Comamonas testosteroni CNB-1, a dominant species in the active sludge...

PURPOSE: To investigate and compare the dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [18 F]Alfatide II Imaging and [11 C]Methionine ([11 C]MET) in orthotopic rat models of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and to assess the utility of [18 F]Alfatide II in detecting and evaluating neoangiogenesis in GBM. METHODS: [18 F]Alfatide II and [11 C]MET were injected into the orthotopic GBM rat models (n = 20, C6 glioma cells), followed by dynamic PET/MR scans 21 days after surgery of tumor implantation...

INTRODUCTION: We assessed a genetic risk score for Alzheimer's disease (AD-GRS) and apolipoprotein E (APOE4) in an exploratory neuroimaging substudy of the FINGER trial. METHODS: 1260 at-risk older individuals without dementia were randomized to multidomain lifestyle intervention or health advice. N = 126 participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and N = 47 positron emission tomography (PET) scans (Pittsburgh Compund B [PiB], Fluorodeoxyglucose) at baseline; N = 107 and N = 38 had repeated 2-year scans...

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (PanNENs) are characterized by a highly heterogeneous clinical and biological behavior, making their diagnosis challenging. PanNENs diagnostic work-up mainly relies on biochemical markers, pathological examination, and imaging evaluation. The latter including radiological imaging (i.e. computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), functional imaging (i.e. 68Gallium [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT and Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose [18F]FDG PET/CT), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with its associated procedures...

2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose PET/computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) has proven to be a sensitive method for the detection and evaluation of hematologic malignancies, especially lymphoma. The increasing incidence and mortality rates of leukemia have raised significant concerns. Through the utilization of whole-body imaging, [18F]FDG PET/CT provides a thorough assessment of the entire bone marrow, complementing the limited insights provided by biopsy samples. In this regard, [18F]FDG PET/CT has the ability to assess diverse types of leukemia The utilization of [18F]FDG PET/CT has been found to be effective in evaluating leukemia spread beyond the bone marrow, tracking disease relapse, identifying Richter's transformation, and assessing the inflammatory activity associated with acute graft versus host disease...

Neurodegenerative diseases (amyloid diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's), stemming from protein misfolding and aggregation, encompass a spectrum of disorders with severe systemic implications. Timely detection is pivotal in managing these diseases owing to their significant impact on organ function and high mortality rates. The diverse array of amyloid disorders, spanning localized and systemic manifestations, underscores the complexity of these conditions and highlights the need for advanced detection methods...

The absence of better biomarkers currently limits early diagnosis and treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our previously published study reported that the cyclic-peptide SD01 exhibited specific binding to EphA2 (Ephrin type-A receptor 2) on TNBC. To develop a novel PET imaging agent, we prepared gallium-68 (68 Ga) labeled-DOTA-SD01 and evaluated its specificity and effectiveness through micro PET/CT imaging in a TNBC-bearing mouse model. SD01 and a control linear peptide YSA were conjugated to DOTA and subsequently labeled with 68 Ga, obtaining 68 Ga-DOTA-SD01 and 68 Ga-DOTA-YSA...