Clinical education

BACKGROUND: A complete review of the development of neonatology in the last 40 years would probably require a compendium with several volumes, to bring to view the remarkable improvements in survival rates and neurodevelopmental outcomes of ill babies in Austria, most industrial countries and to some extent worldwide. The challenge I had to solve here was to integrate my own contributions to the field of neonatology during this period and particularly the contributions of my team from the Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Medical University Vienna where I was working first as an intern and resident and later had the privilege to become head of department...

Issue:  A significant component of health professions education is focussed on students' exposure to the social determinants of health and the challenges that patients within the health care system face. An appropriate way to provide such exposure is through distributed clinical training. This usually entails students training in smaller groups along the continuum of care, away from tertiary academic hospitals. This also means students are away from their existing academic and social support systems. It is evident that knowledge and clinical skills alone are not sufficient to prepare students, they also need to be taught to critically reflect on how their own values and attitudes traverse their knowledge and skills to influence their practice as healthcare professionals...

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Everyday Memory Questionnaire- Revised (EMQ-R-A) in a sample of Lebanese adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2023. A diverse sample of 483 Lebanese adults aged 18 to 60 years from all Lebanese governorates was recruited. Participants completed an Arabic-language questionnaire comprising three sections: socio-demographic characteristics, health-related inquiries, the EMQ-R-A and the Arabic version of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ)...

OBJECTIVE: Both hyponatremia and hypernatremia have been reported to occur more frequently with higher ambient temperatures, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Global temperatures are rising due to climate change, which may impact the incidence of dysnatremia worldwide. We aimed to identify, collate and critically appraise studies analyzing the relationship between climate measures (outdoor temperature, humidity) and serum sodium concentrations. DESIGN: Systematic review, reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines...

INTRODUCTION: The acquisition of skills and manual dexterity in aesthetic dentistry in undergraduate teaching requires preclinical practices with simulation that should approximate real clinical situations. OBJECTIVE: We will present a digital procedure for the creation of three-dimensional (3D) resin models adapted to the practices of the Aesthetic Dentistry course. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Stereolithography or Standard Tesellation Language (STL) files of a real patient were previously obtained with a 3-shape intraoral scanner...

How Does the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II Stand the Test of Clinical Practice? Findings in 7- To 12-Year-Old Children Reliability and validity of the KABC-II were investigated in 646 children aged 7 to 12 years who had been assessed in four social pediatric centers and one pediatric clinic in Germany due to developmental, behavioral, or emotional disorders.The reliability of the global scales Fluid-Crystallized-Index (FCI) and Mental Processing Index (MPI) proved to be very high in all age groups, with values ≥ ...

BACKGROUND: Constipation is overrepresented in people with intellectual disabilities. Around 40% of people with intellectual disabilities who died prematurely were prescribed laxatives. A quarter of people with intellectual disabilities are said to be on laxatives. There are concerns that prescribing is not always effective and appropriate. There are currently no prescribing guidelines specific to this population. AIMS: To develop guidelines to support clinicians with their decision-making when prescribing laxatives to people with intellectual disabilities...

OBJECTIVES: Infective endocarditis is a rarely seen disease, but has a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is extremely important that the guidelines are followed correctly. The main aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the level of knowledge and attitude of infective endocarditis of fourth- and fifth-year dentistry students in clinical residency and fifth- and sixth-year medical students. METHODS: A 42-item questionnaire evaluating the type and dosage of antibiotics administered as infective endocarditis prophylaxis in medical conditions and dentistry procedures was delivered online to the study participants...

BACKGROUND: Social media has fostered a landscape where trends, ideals, and beauty standards have significantly proliferated. Images of flawless skin, sculpted features, and curated aesthetics inundate user feeds, potentially shaping their self-perceptions and aspirations. The rise of influencers, dermatologist social media engagement, and beauty campaigns sharing skincare routines and product recommendations wield substantial influence over individual appearance-related decisions. AIMS: The main aim of this study is to determine the pattern of behavior in using social media to seek dermatological procedures and skin care routine...

BACKGROUND: Delirium is an acute and fluctuating disturbance of cognition and is a common occurrence in critically ill patients. It is a manifestation of an acute brain dysfunction often attributed to higher survival rates and a subsequently aging population. Intensive Care Unit (ICU) treatment and survival often contributes towards development of delirium, and lack of or inappropriate management can translate into the development of long-term psychological effects that last even after discharge...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to report a step-by-step process of creating artificial caries typodont teeth and to determine the perception and efficacy of their use in preclinical operative training. METHODS: Artificial caries material comprised of commercially available hide glue and chocolate powder for more realistic coloring was embedded into the distolingual of #9 ModuPRO plastic typodont teeth. First-year dental students having no clinical experience in excavating Class III cavity preparations were divided into two groups...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin exhibits great potential in the treatment of Netherton syndrome. ABSTRACT: Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis (OMIM #256500) characterized by superficial scaling, atopic manifestations, and multisystemic complications. It is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SPINK5 gene, which encode a key kallikrein protease inhibitor. There are two subtypes of the syndrome that differ in clinical presentation and immune profile: ichthyosiform erythroderma and ichthyosis linearis circumflexa...

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KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Anorectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors are extremely rare, constituting less than 0.1% of rectal tumors. Surgical resection using a transanal wide excision followed by adjuvant therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors can be a successful treatment combination to remove the mass and prevent recurrence while preserving the integrity of the anal sphincter. ABSTRACT: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are a rare subset of neoplasms, accounting for about 1%-2% of primary gastrointestinal malignancies...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: When seeing patients who present with atypical lymphocytes and abdominal pain without accompanying symptoms of pharyngitis or lymphadenopathy, acalculous cholecystitis caused by CMV infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis. ABSTRACT: A teenage man presented with a fever and epigastric pain. The patient tested positive for cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM. Abdominal ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced CT revealed hepatosplenomegaly and gallbladder wall thickening...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Successful management of cervical tuberculosis and severe kyphosis was achieved using a PEEK expandable cage and titanium plate, demonstrating favorable outcomes in restoring cervical alignment and stability. This approach represents a promising alternative for addressing complex cervical pathologies, highlighting the potential of PEEK-based interventions in surgical management. ABSTRACT: Cervical tuberculosis can lead to severe vertebral destruction and kyphosis, posing challenges in surgical management...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Even in the absence of other symptoms or other pulmonary manifestations suggesting Sjögren's syndrome (SS), it is necessary to include SS in the differential diagnosis of diffuse cystic lung disease (CLD). ABSTRACT: A case of SS that presented initially with diffuse CLD is reported. This case is considered rare because diffuse pulmonary cysts were observed in the early stage with few symptoms, only cysts were observed without other lung lesions on imaging, cyst formation was histologically considered to be alveolar loss, and airway lesions not observed on imaging were suspected based on lung function testing...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Duodenal GISTs are rare and challenging tumors. Acute life-threatening upper GI bleeding is a possible presentation of duodenal GISTs. Surgery is the standard treatment for localized duodenal GISTs. Imatinib is an effective adjuvant therapy for duodenal GISTs. ABSTRACT: GIST is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract, accounting for 1%-2% of gastrointestinal tumors. They originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal and are rare in patients younger than 30 years...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Marchiafava-Bignami disease, a rare condition often associated with alcoholism, shows myelin degeneration with tissue necrosis specifically in the corpus callosum. Urgent application of magnetic resonance imaging could lead to prompt diagnosis. ABSTRACT: A 66-year-old male with habitual alcohol drink complained acute deterioration of left-side muscle weakness as initial presentation. On the arrival, the patient was confused, with stable vital sign and unremarkable pyramidal sign...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Rare yet significant, this case sheds light on the uncommon presentation of Waldmann's disease in adults, showcasing the diagnostic challenges it poses. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating clinical, endoscopic, histological, and radiological evaluations, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of this complex disorder. ABSTRACT: Waldmann's disease, or primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, is a rare disorder characterized by protein-losing enteropathy due to dilation and leakage of intestinal lymphatic vessels...