Clinical education

CONTEXT:   The unique contexts in which athletic trainers (ATs) work require specific tools in order to understand their attitudes toward diverse patient populations, including sexual and gender minorities. OBJECTIVE:   To develop and validate the Attitudes Toward Transgender Patients (ATTP) instrument for ATs. DESIGN:   Cross-sectional study. SETTING:   Semistructured interviews, paper-based questionnaire, and electronic questionnaire...

IntroductionThe 2015-2016 academic year was the fourth year since the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME; Chicago, Illinois USA) accredited Emergency Medical Services (EMS) fellowships, and the first year an in-training examination was given. Soon, ACGME-accredited fellowship education will be the sole path to EMS board certification when the practice pathway closes after 2019. This project aimed to describe the current class of EMS fellows at ACGME-accredited programs and their current educational opportunities to better understand current and future needs in EMS fellowship education...

OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to study the association between bronchial asthma (BA) and periodontitis in northern Jordan. METHODS: A case-control study of 260 subjects; 130 with BA and 130 without BA (controls) were recruited from pulmonary clinics at a university hospital in northern Jordan. BA was physician diagnosed and on anti-asthma medications for ≥12 months. Periodontitis was defined as the presence of ≥ 4 teeth with ≥ 1 site with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm and clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥ 3 mm...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine if employing a home healthcare model for education and treatment of opioid overdose using Evzio® (Naloxone)* auto-injector in a private practice pain clinic. METHODS: A prospective survey was used to determine the feasibility of integrating a naloxone auto-injector within the patient's home with a home care training model. Twenty moderate or high-risk patients were enrolled from our chronic pain clinic. Patients who were moderate or high risk completed an evaluation survey...

BACKGROUND: Public health nursing (PHN) is an essential component of baccalaureate nursing education. In order to build PHN competencies, universities must design and operationalize meaningful clinical activities addressing community and population health. Currently, there is a paucity of literature delineating best practices for promoting competency in PHN. AIMS: The purpose of this manuscript is to describe a PHN-student health fair program as a means for meeting undergraduate PHN curricular standards, and to report results of an evaluation conducted examining its effectiveness in improving community member's health knowledge...

For each one of the approximately 800,000 people who die from suicide every year, an additional twenty people attempt suicide. Many of these attempts result in hospitalization or in contact with other healthcare services. However, many personal, educational, and institutional barriers make it difficult for healthcare professionals to care for suicidal individuals. We reviewed literature that discusses suicidal patients in healthcare settings in order to highlight common ethical issues and to identify knowledge gaps...

The "cognitive dysmetria" hypothesis suggests that impairments in cognition and behavior in patients with schizophrenia can be explained by disruptions in the cortico-cerebellar-thalamic-cortical circuit. In this study we examine thalamo-cortical connections in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ). White matter pathways are investigated that connect the thalamus with three frontal cortex regions including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), and lateral oribitofrontal cortex (LOFC)...

Drug pharmacokinetics (PK) is influenced by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, among which concomitant medications are responsible for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) that may have a clinical relevance, resulting in adverse drug reactions or reduced efficacy. The addition of intrinsic factors affecting cytochromes P450 (CYPs) activity and/or expression, such as genetic polymorphisms and diseases, may potentiate the impact and clinical relevance of DDIs. In addition, greater variability in drug levels and exposures has been observed when such intrinsic factors are present in addition to concomitant medications perpetrating DDIs...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The goal of this paper is to provide a summary of the new recommendations in the most recent 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. The intent is to provide the background and the supporting evidence for the recommendations and to provide practical guidance for management strategies in treatment of heart failure patients...

OBJECTIVE: The attainment of specific identifiable competencies is the primary measure of progress in the modern medical education system. The system, therefore, requires a method for accurately assessing competence to be feasible. Evidence of validity needs to be gathered before an assessment tool can be implemented in the training and assessment of physicians. This evidence of validity must according to the contemporary theory on validity be gathered from specific sources in a structured and rigorous manner...

Objectives: Coronary angiography can be stressful for patients and anxiety-caused physiological responses during the procedure increase the risk of dysrhythmia, coronary artery spasms and rupture. This study therefore aimed to investigate the effects of peer, video and combined peer-and-video training on anxiety among patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: This single-blinded randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted at two large educational hospitals in Iran between April and July 2016...

Objectives: Clinical trials are prospective studies on human subjects designed to answer various clinical questions. However, only a limited number of clinical trials have been conducted in Oman. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of Omani patients and their relatives towards participating in clinical trials. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2015 and March 2016 among 174 patients and relatives attending the Haematology and Oncology Outpatient Clinics and Day Care Unit of the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman...

OBJECTIVES: While postgraduate studies have begun to shed light on informal interprofessional workplace learning, studies with preregistration learners have typically focused on formal and structured work-based learning. The current study investigated preregistration students' informal interprofessional workplace learning by exploring students' and clinicians' experiences of interprofessional student-clinician (IPSC) interactions. DESIGN: A qualitative interview study using narrative techniques was conducted...

INTRODUCTION: Lack of resources is one of the main problems of all healthcare systems. Recent studies have shown that reducing the overuse of medical services plays an important role in reducing healthcare system costs. Overuse of medical services is a major problem in the healthcare system, and it threatens the quality of the services, can harm patients and create excess costs for patients. So far, few studies have been conducted in this regard in Iran. The main objective of this systematic review is to perform an inclusive search for studies that report overuse of medical services in the Iranian healthcare system...

BACKGROUND: Knee pain is common with obesity and weight gain being important risk factors. Previous clinical trials have focused on overweight or obese adults with knee pain and osteoarthritis and demonstrated modest effects of intense weight loss programs on reducing knee pain despite very significant weight loss. There has been no lifestyle intervention that targets community-based adults to test its effect on prevention of knee pain. We aimed to determine the effect of a simple low-intensity self-management lifestyle intervention (HeLP-her), proven in randomised controlled trials to improve lifestyle and prevent weight gain, on knee pain in community-based young to middle-aged rural women...

Objective The objective of this paper is to determine photoprotection awareness, knowledge, practices, and its relationship with disease activity and damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods A cross-sectional study was performed. Data were acquired from in-person interviews and medical records. Results A total of 199 (89.6%) females and 23 (10.4%) males were recruited. Median age was 39.00 (interquartile range (IQR) 18) years, disease duration 12.12 (IQR 8) years, Fitzpatrick skin phototype III 119 (53...

Background Obesity management in primary care has been suboptimal due to lack of access to allied health professionals, time, and resources. Purpose To understand the weight management approaches used by primary care providers working in team-based settings and how they assess the most suitable approach for a patient. Methods A total of 20 primary care providers (13 nurse practitioners and 7 family physicians) working in 6 multidisciplinary clinics in Ontario were interviewed. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using NVivo qualitative software...

PURPOSE: This research aimed to evaluate the students' usage and perceptions of using smartphones in their general dental education and learning tooth preparation with the individually designed virtual 3D instructional models in the pre-clinical removable partial denture course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Second-year dental students were asked to voluntarily participate in a survey to investigate their demographic information, general usages of smartphones, perception of smartphones usage in dental education (construct 1) and perception of individually designed virtual 3D instructional models (construct 2)...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of small-group education including practical training on dental students' shade determination performance compared with a control group. METHODS: Sixty-three non-colour-blind preclinical students were asked to participate and belonged to an intervention (n = 31) and a control (n = 32) group, respectively. All students received a lecture on dental shade determination. The members of the intervention group were educated and practically trained in small groups in addition...

Objective We describe the progression of cognitive decline and identify the predictive values of cognitive tests in three groups of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) patients classified at their last follow-up as having Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), or still-idiopathic. Methods Patients (n=109) underwent polysomnographic, neurological, and neuropsychological assessments. We used linear mixed-model analyses to compare the progression of cognitive test performance between the three groups over a three-year prodromal period, and performed linear regressions for a six-year prodromal period...