keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491978/parametric-solid-models-of-the-at-term-uterus-from-magnetic-resonance-images
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erin Louwagie, Divya Rajasekharan, Arielle Feder, Shuyang Fang, Chia-Ling Nhan-Chang, Mirella Mourad, Kristin Myers
Birthing mechanics are poorly understood, though many injuries during childbirth are mechanical, like fetal and maternal tissue damage. Several biomechanical simulation models of parturition have been proposed to investigate birth, but many do not include the uterus. Additionally, most solid models rely on segmenting anatomical structures from clinical images to generate patient geometry, which can be time-consuming. This work presents two new parametric solid modeling methods for generating patient-specific, at-term uterine three-dimensional geometry...
March 16, 2024: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491061/machine-learning-based-global-optimization-of-microwave-passives-with-variable-fidelity-em-models-and-response-features
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Slawomir Koziel, Anna Pietrenko-Dabrowska
Maximizing microwave passive component performance demands precise parameter tuning, particularly as modern circuits grow increasingly intricate. Yet, achieving this often requires a comprehensive approach due to their complex geometries and miniaturized structures. However, the computational burden of optimizing these components via full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations is substantial. EM analysis remains crucial for circuit reliability, but the expense of conducting rudimentary EM-driven global optimization by means of popular bio-inspired algorithms is impractical...
March 15, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481266/r2drv-study-protocol-for-longitudinal-assessment-of-driving-after-mild-tbi-in-young-drivers
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jingzhen Yang, Despina Stavrinos, Thomas Kerwin, Sylvie Mrug, Michael Tiso, Benjamin McManus, Cameron G Wrabel, Christopher Rundus, Fangda Zhang, Drew Davis, Erin M Swanson, Brett Bentley, Keith Owen Yeates
BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and traffic-related injuries are two major public health problems disproportionately affecting young people. Young drivers, whose driving skills are still developing, are particularly vulnerable to impaired driving due to brain injuries. Despite this, there is a paucity of research on how mTBI impacts driving and when it is safe to return to drive after an mTBI. This paper describes the protocol of the study, R2DRV, Longitudinal Assessment of Driving After Mild TBI in Young Drivers, which examines the trajectory of simulated driving performance and self-reported driving behaviors from acutely post-injury to symptom resolution among young drivers with mTBI compared to matched healthy drivers...
March 13, 2024: Injury Epidemiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38480890/penning-micro-trap-for-quantum-computing
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shreyans Jain, Tobias Sägesser, Pavel Hrmo, Celeste Torkzaban, Martin Stadler, Robin Oswald, Chris Axline, Amado Bautista-Salvador, Christian Ospelkaus, Daniel Kienzler, Jonathan Home
Trapped ions in radio-frequency traps are among the leading approaches for realizing quantum computers, because of high-fidelity quantum gates and long coherence times1-3 . However, the use of radio-frequencies presents several challenges to scaling, including requiring compatibility of chips with high voltages4 , managing power dissipation5 and restricting transport and placement of ions6 . Here we realize a micro-fabricated Penning ion trap that removes these restrictions by replacing the radio-frequency field with a 3 T magnetic field...
March 13, 2024: Nature
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38478442/region-aware-color-smudging
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Jiang, Pengfei Xu, Congyi Zhang, Hongbo Fu, Henry Lau, Wenping Wang
Color smudge operations from digital painting software enable users to create natural shading effects in high-fidelity paintings by interactively mixing colors. To precisely control results in traditional painting software, users tend to organize flat-filled color regions in multiple layers and smudge them to generate different color gradients. However, the requirement to carefully deal with regions makes the smudging process time-consuming and laborious, especially for non-professional users. This motivates us to investigate how to infer user-desired smudging effects when users smudge over regions in a single layer...
March 13, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38476255/enhancing-surgical-nursing-student-performance-comparative-study-of-simulation-based-learning-and-problem-based-learning
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lihe Ma, Rui Yan, Xiang Wang, Xiaohong Gao, Na Fan, Linmei Liu, Haifen Kang
BACKGROUND: Surgical nursing is a high-risk, high-pressure, and complex field. Nurses need extensive knowledge, skills, and abilities. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) are effective student-centered methods. Which method is better for surgical nurse training? More research is needed to determine the best approach for undergraduate surgical nurse education. PURPOSE: To compare the impact of PBL and SBL on undergraduate nursing students' performance and improve learning outcomes in surgical nursing education...
2024: Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38475153/deep-neural-network-based-phase-modulated-continuous-wave-lidar
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hao Zhang, Yubing Wang, Mingshi Zhang, Yue Song, Cheng Qiu, Yuxin Lei, Peng Jia, Lei Liang, Jianwei Zhang, Li Qin, Yongqiang Ning, Lijun Wang
LiDAR has high accuracy and resolution and is widely used in various fields. In particular, phase-modulated continuous-wave (PhMCW) LiDAR has merits such as low power, high precision, and no need for laser frequency modulation. However, with decreasing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the noise on the signal waveform becomes so severe that the current methods to extract the time-of-flight are no longer feasible. In this paper, a novel method that uses deep neural networks to measure the pulse width is proposed...
March 1, 2024: Sensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38475117/toward-verification-of-dag-based-distributed-ledger-technologies-through-discrete-event-simulation
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Misbah Khan, Frank den Hartog, Jiankun Hu
As the potential of directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based distributed ledgers in IoT systems unfolds, a need arises to understand their intricate dynamics in real-world scenarios. It is well known that discrete event simulations can provide high-fidelity evaluations of protocols. However, there is a lack of public discrete event simulators capable of assessing DAG-based distributed ledgers. In this paper, a discrete-event-based distributed ledger simulator is introduced, with which we investigate a custom Python-based implementation of IOTA's Tangle DAG protocol...
February 29, 2024: Sensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38475101/predictive-path-tracking-control-of-an-autonomous-electric-vehicle-with-various-multi-actuation-topologies
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chenhui Lin, Boyuan Li, Efstathios Siampis, Stefano Longo, Efstathios Velenis
This paper presents the development of path-tracking control strategies for an over-actuated autonomous electric vehicle. The vehicle platform is equipped with four-wheel steering (4WS) as well as torque vectoring (TV) capabilities, which enable the control of vehicle dynamics to be enhanced. A nonlinear model predictive controller is proposed taking into account the nonlinearities in vehicle dynamics at the limits of handling as well as the crucial actuator constraints. Controllers with different actuation formulations are presented and compared to study the path-tracking performance of the vehicle with different levels of actuation...
February 28, 2024: Sensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38471238/comparing-the-effect-of-assessment-simulation-animation-based-against-traditional-education-on-nursing-students-anxiety-and-self-efficacy-in-maternity-clinical-practicum
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ching-Hsueh Yeh, Ya-Ping Yang
BACKGROUND: The clinical practicum is the practical course that causes the most anxiety in nursing undergraduates. Although high-fidelity simulation education has been demonstrated to boost nursing students' self-efficacy and decrease anxiety in patient care, it is also associated with excessive psychological stress. Assessment-simulation-animation-based (ASA-based) education has been developed to solve the drawbacks of simulation-based education while preserving positive learning outcomes...
February 29, 2024: Nurse Education in Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38470890/framework-based-qualitative-analysis-of-free-responses-of-large-language-models-algorithmic-fidelity
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aliya Amirova, Theodora Fteropoulli, Nafiso Ahmed, Martin R Cowie, Joel Z Leibo
Today, with the advent of Large-scale generative Language Models (LLMs) it is now possible to simulate free responses to interview questions such as those traditionally analyzed using qualitative research methods. Qualitative methodology encompasses a broad family of techniques involving manual analysis of open-ended interviews or conversations conducted freely in natural language. Here we consider whether artificial "silicon participants" generated by LLMs may be productively studied using qualitative analysis methods in such a way as to generate insights that could generalize to real human populations...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38466866/turning-up-the-heat-surgical-simulation-of-the-moses-2-0-laser-in-an-anatomic-model
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher Wanderling, Aaron Saxton, Dennis Phan, Karen Doersch, Lauren Shepard, Nathan Schuler, Thomas Osinski, Scott Quarrier, Ahmed Ghazi
INTRODUCTION: With advancements in laser technology, urologists have been able to treat urinary calculi more efficiently by increasing the energy delivered to the stone. With increases in power used, there is an increase in temperatures generated during laser lithotripsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal dose and temperatures generated with four laser settings at a standardized power in a high-fidelity, anatomic model. METHODS: Using high-fidelity, 3D printed hydrogel models of a pelvicalyceal collecting system with a synthetic BegoStone implanted in the renal pelvis, surgical simulation of ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy was performed with the Moses 2...
March 1, 2024: Canadian Urological Association Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465256/physics-constrained-data-driven-variational-method-for-discrepancy-modeling
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arif Masud, Sharbel Nashar, Shoaib Goraya
This paper presents a data-driven discrepancy modeling method that variationally embeds measured data in the modeling and analysis framework. The proposed method exploits the residual between the first-principles theory and sensor-based measurements from the dynamical system, and it augments the physics-based model with a variationally derived loss function that is comprised of this residual. The method was first developed in the context of linear elasticity (Masud and Goraya, J. Appl. Mech. 89 (11), 111001 (2022)) wherein the relation between the discrepancy model and loss terms was derived to show that the data embedding terms behave like residual-based least-squares regression functions...
December 15, 2023: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465156/the-lived-experiences-of-saudi-nursing-students-in-digital-clinical-experience-a-phenomenological-study
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bander Albagawi, Yasir Alsalamah, Maryam Alharbi, Rakan Alrawili, Lisa A Babkair, Rabia Allari, Sara Alkharji, Reham Abed, Mirna Fawaz
Background Novel digital methods of simulation are gaining popularity in nursing education in light of the limited access to clinical placement and expensive high-fidelity simulation technologies. Aim The aim of this study is to explore the lived experiences of Saudi nursing students in digital clinical experiences (DCEs). Methods A qualitative phenomenological research design, grounded in Husserlian phenomenology, was employed. Purposive sampling was utilized to select 21 participants actively involved in DCEs...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462525/sex-disparities-in-applied-force-on-maxillary-incisors-among-novices-during-laryngoscopy-using-a-high-fidelity-simulator-a-prospective-observational-study
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuko Ono, Kazuaki Shinohara, Jiro Shimada, Jun Sugiyama, Shigeaki Inoue, Joji Kotani
Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a common and crucial intervention. Whether the performance of ETI differs according to the sex of the laryngoscopist remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess sex disparities in markers of ETI performance among novices using a high-fidelity simulator. This prospective observational study was conducted from April 2017 to March 2019 in a public medical university. In total, 209 medical students (4th and 5th grade) without clinical ETI experience were recruited. Of the 209 students, 64 (30...
February 29, 2024: Kobe Journal of Medical Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462501/physical-mechanism-of-core-collapse-supernovae-that-neutrinos-drive
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shoichi Yamada, Hiroki Nagakura, Ryuichiro Akaho, Akira Harada, Shun Furusawa, Wakana Iwakami, Hirotada Okawa, Hideo Matsufuru, Kohsuke Sumiyoshi
The current understanding of the mechanism of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), one of the most energetic events in the universe associated with the death of massive stars and the main formation channel of compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes, is reviewed for broad readers from different disciplines of science who may not be familiar with the object. Therefore, we emphasize the physical aspects than the results of individual model simulations, although large-scale high-fidelity simulations have played the most important roles in the progress we have witnessed in the past few decades...
2024: Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38461347/integrating-core-physics-and-machine-learning-for-improved-parameter-prediction-in-boiling-water-reactor-operations
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M R Oktavian, J Nistor, J T Gruenwald, Y Xu
This study introduces a novel method for enhancing Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) operation simulations by integrating machine learning (ML) models with conventional simulation techniques. The ML model is trained to identify and correct errors in low-fidelity simulation outputs, traditionally derived from core physics computations. These corrections aim to align the low-fidelity results closely with high-fidelity data. Precise predictions of nuclear reactor parameters like core eigenvalue and power distribution are crucial for efficient fuel management and adherence to technical specifications...
March 10, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38460455/implementing-machine-learning-approaches-for-accelerated-prediction-of-bone-strain-in-acetabulum-of-a-hip-joint
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gowtham Nimmal Haribabu, Bikramjit Basu
The Finite Element (FE) methods for biomechanical analysis involving implant design and subject parameters for musculoskeletal applications are extensively reported in literature. Such an approach is manually intensive and computationally expensive with longer simulations times. Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) based approaches are implemented to a limited extent in biomechanics, such approaches to predict bone strain in acetabulum of a hip joint, are hardly explored. In this context, the primary objective of this paper is to evaluate machine learning (ML) models in tandem with high-fidelity FEA data for the accelerated prediction of the biomechanical response in the acetabulum of the human hip joint, during the walking gait...
March 2, 2024: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38457497/large-fov-3d-localization-microscopy-by-spatially-variant-point-spread-function-generation
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dafei Xiao, Reut Kedem Orange, Nadav Opatovski, Amit Parizat, Elias Nehme, Onit Alalouf, Yoav Shechtman
Accurate characterization of the microscopic point spread function (PSF) is crucial for achieving high-performance localization microscopy (LM). Traditionally, LM assumes a spatially invariant PSF to simplify the modeling of the imaging system. However, for large fields of view (FOV) imaging, it becomes important to account for the spatially variant nature of the PSF. Here, we propose an accurate and fast principal components analysis-based field-dependent 3D PSF generator (PPG3D) and localizer for LM. Through simulations and experimental three-dimensional (3D) single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), we demonstrate the effectiveness of PPG3D, enabling super-resolution imaging of mitochondria and microtubules with high fidelity over a large FOV...
March 8, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38446895/high-fidelity-hyper-accurate-and-evolved-mutants-rewire-atomic-level-communication-in-crispr-cas9
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erin Skeens, Souvik Sinha, Mohd Ahsan, Alexandra M D'Ordine, Gerwald Jogl, Giulia Palermo, George P Lisi
The high-fidelity (HF1), hyper-accurate (Hypa), and evolved (Evo) variants of the CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) endonuclease are critical tools to mitigate off-target effects in the application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology. The mechanisms by which mutations in recognition subdomain 3 (Rec3) mediate specificity in these variants are poorly understood. Here, solution nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamics simulations establish the structural and dynamic effects of high-specificity mutations in Rec3, and how they propagate the allosteric signal of Cas9...
March 8, 2024: Science Advances
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