Tonsillitis

Background: Primary and secondary level preventive primary health care programs providing early detection and timely management of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) conditions in rural and remote regions are fundamental to preventing downstream impacts on health, social, and educational outcomes. However, the range and quality of evidence is yet to be reviewed. Objectives: The study objectives were to identify and synthesize the evidence of primary health care interventions for detection and management of ENT conditions in rural and remote areas, and evaluate the quality of the research and effectiveness of interventions...

Capnocytophaga sputigena is a gram-negative facultatively anaerobic, capnophilic bacterium typically residing in the human oropharyngeal flora. This opportunistic pathogen can cause a wide range of infections, from bacteremia to septic abortion. However, it is exceedingly rare for a patient to present with tonsillitis due to C. sputigena . Herein, we discuss the presentation, hospital course, and clinical trajectory of a patient experiencing complications of tonsillitis related to C. sputigena in the context of acute myeloid leukemia...

Chiari malformation (CM) is a common neurological disorder with foramen magnum decompression (FMD) as a commonly accepted treatment. The authors present a case of CM-1 wherein there was no radiological instability preoperatively and FMD was done as a treatment, after which the patient improved transiently only to deteriorate further. Atlantoaxial fixation was done as a second-stage procedure, after which the patient improved clinically and radiologically. The knowledge of this case and surgical entity should be borne in mind before the formulation of a treatment plan...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: At our clinic, a significant portion of tonsillectomy (TE) preoperative assessments are conducted remotely. The aim of our study was to examine the variation in TE complications, contact rates, and reasons for patient contact between those evaluated preoperatively at the outpatient clinic (OPC), or remotely through virtual visits (VV), or via a digital care pathway (DCP). This investigation is critical for optimizing patient flow through the volume-intensive process of TE. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 422 patients who underwent TE at Helsinki University Hospital ENT clinic to investigate their 30-day postoperative course...

We investigated the effects of supplementing low protein diets with methionine (Met) or threonine (Thr) during a mixed Eimeria (consisting of E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella) challenge in broilers. All birds were fed the same starter diet (d1-9) and finisher diet (d28-35) which met Cobb 500 nutrient specifications. Birds were allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments from d9 to 28: a standard protein diet (19% CP); a low protein diet (16% CP); or the low protein diet supplemented with Met or Thr at 50% above recommendations...

BACKGROUND: Gustav Mahler was a composer of the late Romantic period, one of the most famous conductors of his time and, as opera director, one of the most important reformers of musical theatre. Mahler's life, illnesses, death and dying are little or not at all known to many. OBJECTIVES: Which illnesses determined Mahler's life? Could his early death have been avoided? From today's point of view, could modern intensive care medicine have helped him? MATERIAL AND METHODS: A detailed analysis of Mahler's diseases was performed using scientific databases (medline, pubmed)...

BACKGROUND: In Germany, no consented quality indicator set (QI set) exists to date that can be used to assess the quality of pediatric care. Therefore, the aim of the project "Assessment of the quality of routine ambulatory health care for common disorders in children and adolescents" (QualiPäd) funded by the Innovation Committee of the Federal Joint Committee (grant no.: 01VSF19035) was to develop a QI set for the diseases asthma, atopic eczema, otitis media, tonsillitis, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and conduct disorder...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetes, and approximately 50% of patients with this disease suffer from peripheral neuropathy. Nerve fiber loss in DN occurs due to myelin defects and is characterized by symptoms of impaired nerve function. Schwann cells (SCs) are the main support cells of the peripheral nervous system and play important roles in several pathways contributing to the pathogenesis and development of DN. We previously reported that human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiated into SCs (TMSC-SCs), named neuronal regeneration-promoting cells (NRPCs), which cells promoted nerve regeneration in animal models with peripheral nerve injury or hereditary peripheral neuropathy...

Introduction  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a severe form of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) that is strongly correlated with comorbidities, in which epiglottic collapse (EC) and other contributing factors are involved. Objectives  To evaluate the occurrence of EC in OSA patients through drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and to determine the factors contributing to EC. Methods  A retrospective study of 37 adult patients using medical history. Patients were assessed for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH) using reflux symptom index and reflux finding score (RFS); for OSA using polysomnography, and for airway collapse through DISE...

One kind of angioproliferative disorder is Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Growth of spindle-shaped cells, edema, inflammation, and neoangiogenesis are its defining features. Because it lacks the typical indicators of malignancy, it is classified as an intermediate neoplasm. People who are immunocompromised, receiving organ transplants, or receiving antiretroviral therapy are linked to KS. Although lymph node involvement by KS is extremely uncommon, when it does occur, it usually manifests as either the epidemic form in (Human Immuno-deficiency) HIV-positive patients or the endemic form in Africans...

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an evolving and growing disease, especially in developing countries. However, the clinical characteristics of HPV-associated HNSCC in regard to HPV infection rates, patient features, and prognosis are under-reported in the Asian population. METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively enrolled a 400-case cohort of HNSCC with p16 immunochemistry and analyzed with long-term follow-up...

Background: Tonsillectomy is a common surgery in the US, with possible postoperative complications. While small studies indicate postoperative depressive symptoms may occur, large-scale evidence is lacking on the tonsillectomy-depression link. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX US collaborative network, offering de-identified electronic health data from 59 collaborative healthcare organizations (HCOs) in the United States. In this study, people being diagnosed of chronic tonsillitis between January 2005 and December 2017 were enrolled...

There is an increasing demand for the assessment of sleep-disordered breathing in children of all ages to prevent the deleterious neurocognitive and behaviour consequences of the under-diagnosis and under-treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea [OSA]. OSA can be considered in three broad categories based on predominating contributory features: OSA type 1 [enlarged tonsils and adenoids], type II [Obesity] and type III [craniofacial abnormalities, syndromal, storage diseases and neuromuscular conditions]. The reality is that sleep questionnaires or calculations of body mass index in isolation are poorly predictive of OSA in individuals...

OBJECTIVE: Abscess tonsillectomy is performed during an active episode of quinsy. Apprehensions regarding an elevated bleeding risk have hindered its widespread acceptance. This study aims to assess the prevalence of post-tonsillectomy bleeding (PTB) associated with abscess tonsillectomy. DATA SOURCES: A search was performed on August 27, 2023 in Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases. REVIEW METHODS: The systematic review was conducted in adherence to the PRISMA guidelines...

BACKGROUND: The tonsils operate as a protection ring of mucosa at the gates of the upper aero-digestive tract. They show similarities with lymph nodes and participate as inductive organs of systemic and mucosal immunity. Based on the reduction of their size since puberty, they are thought to experience involution in adulthood. In this context, we have used tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMC) isolated from patients at different stages of life, to study the effect of ageing and the concomitant persistent inflammation on these immune cells...

BACKGROUND: Early-life respiratory tract infections have been linked to the development of asthma, but studies on burden and subtypes of common infections in asthma development are sparse. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to examine the association between burden of early-life infections, including subtypes, with risk of asthma from ages 3-10 years and lung function at age 10 years. METHODS: We included 662 children from the COPSAC2010 birth cohort, where infections, i...

INTRODUCTION: African swine fever (ASF) is an important disease of pigs in sub-Saharan Africa and Uganda and is threatening the pig population and agricultural economy of other continents. ASF virus (ASFV) can be transmitted from wild suids to domestic pigs through soft ticks of the Ornithodoros species. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between domestic pigs' O. moubata tick exposure and ASFV status. METHODS: Pigs were sampled from six abattoirs in the Kampala metropolitan area of Uganda from May 2021 through June 2022...

In the 1970s, human papillomaviruses (HPV) were ascertained as the aetiologic agents of cervical carcinoma. Subsequently, an association with HPV was established in other epithelial tumours, including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). HPV has demonstrated a high potential for inducing oropharyngeal tumours, with HPV-16 infection posing a significant oncogenic risk. People living with HIV (PLWH) are identified as being at a higher risk of HPV infection and the subsequent development of HPV-associated tumours of the oropharynx...

BACKGROUND: Paediatric tonsillar lymphoma (TL) is a rare diagnosis. Historically, the presence of clinical features such as tonsillar asymmetry, grossly abnormal tonsil appearance and cervical lymphadenopathy raise concern for this diagnosis. Tonsillar asymmetry is considered to be the most concerning clinical feature; however, asymmetry is often apparent due to differences in depth or shape of tonsillar fossa and tonsillar pillars, rather than a true difference in volume. There is debate whether a tonsillectomy is required in all cases of tonsil asymmetry to exclude lymphoma, and what clinical features should raise concern...