Sulfasalazine

Background/Aims: In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), repeated bouts of remission and relapse occur in patients and can impose a risk of colitis-associated cancer. We hypothesized that plant extracts of Atractylodes macrocephala (AM) or Taraxacum herba (TH) may be better than sulfasalazine for treating this disease because these extracts can promote additional regeneration. Methods: Murine intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cells were pretreated with AM or TH before a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced challenge...

High cost deters continuous use of tumor necrosis factor α blockers (TNFi) in developing countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate outcome and expenditure incurred in Spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients beyond a year of follow-up after receiving four doses of infliximab (IFX) over and above background therapy of methotrexate (MTX) and sulfasalazine (SSZ) combination. Electronic medical records were screened for patients with SpA satisfying the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria between 2008 and 2014...

Phoenix loureiroi Kunth belongs to the family Arecaceae, the fruits are widely consumed by Kurumba and Irula tribes of Tamil Nadu (India) and also used to cure intestinal related diseases in folklore medicine. Therefore, in vivo animal studies were evaluated to confirm the prevention of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with the treatment of this plant fruits. The IBD was studied in Wistar albino rats by indomethacin (s.c.), acetic acid (i.c.) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced models. The diseases parameters such as macroscopic, microscopic features, serum biomarkers levels, haematological profile, biochemical and antioxidant levels were determined...

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with periodontitis. Anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis and anti-Prevotella intermedia antibody titers were higher in patients with spondyloarthritis than in healthy people. Sulfasalazine is an effective antibiotic treatment for AS. Moxifloxacin and rifamycin were also found to be significantly effective. The etiology hypothesis suggests that oral anaerobic bacteria such as Porphyromonas spp and Prevotella spp contribute to the disease. These bacteria have been identified in AS, and we will discuss their pathogenic properties with respect to our knowledge of the disease...

Beside cytotoxic drugs, other drugs can impact men's fertility through various mechanisms. Via the modification of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones or by non-hormonal mechanisms, drugs may directly and indirectly induce sexual dysfunction and spermatogenesis impairment and alteration of epididymal maturation. This systematic literature review summarizes existing data about the negative impact and associations of pharmacological treatments on male fertility (excluding cytotoxic drugs), with a view to making these data more readily available for medical staff...

Human metabolomics has great potential in disease mechanism understanding, early diagnosis, and therapy. Existing metabolomics studies are often based on profiling patient biofluids and tissue samples and are difficult owing to the challenges of sample collection and data processing. Here, we report an alternative approach and developed a computation-based prediction system, MetabolitePredict, for disease metabolomics biomarker prediction. We applied MetabolitePredict to identify metabolite biomarkers and metabolite targeting therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a last-lasting complex disease with multiple genetic and environmental factors involved...

The objective of this study is to determine the risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease in biologics users among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in Taiwan from 2000 to 2015. This retrospective cohort study enrolled adult RA patients initiated on first biologics at Taichung Veterans General Hospital. TB risks were determined as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using cox regression. A total of 951 patients were recruited; etanercept (n = 443), adalimumab (n = 332), abatacept (n = 74), golimumab (n = 60), tocilizumab (n = 31) and tofacitinib (n = 11)...

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a lingering type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) which affects the colon mucosa. Ulcerative colitis is majorly associated with oxidative stress and inflammation in colon tissue leading to damage. Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit is rich in antioxidant phytochemicals including Vitamin C. In the current research, we have evaluated the defence mechanism of Averrhoa bilimbi L. on Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Male wistar rats were treated with Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit extract (50mg/kg/bwt and 100mg/kg/bwt) and a standard drug Sulfasalazine (100mg/kg/bwt) for 6 consecutive days via intra peritoneally...

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of effectiveness and safety of the nonbiologic, nonantihistamine treatments used for chronic urticaria is important as in some cases the principal guideline-recommended drug; omalizumab, has limited effect, side effects or is too expensive or unavailable. Herein, we systematically review the evidence for the use of the nonbiologic treatments in antihistamine-refractory chronic urticaria. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature using PubMed and Webofscience and identified studies that reported use of one or more of the nonbiological, nonantihistamine treatment options for chronic urticaria...

1. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) plays an important role in drug absorption, distribution and excretion. It is challenging to evaluate BCRP functions in preclinical models because commonly used BCRP inhibitors are nonspecific or unstable in animal plasma. 2. In this work, in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) assays and pharmacokinetic (PK) experiments in Bcrp knockout (KO) (Abcg2(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) FVB mice and Wistar rats were conducted to characterize the preclinical properties of a novel selective BCRP inhibitor (ML753286, a Ko143 analog)...

OBJECTIVES: To examine the incidence and temporal trends of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the general population in Denmark. METHODS: Using nationwide registry data, we estimated the number of patients with incident PsA within each 1-year period between 1997 and 2011 and calculated the rate of PsA cases within gender and age subgroups. Incidence rates were presented per 100 000 person-years. RESULTS: There was a female predominance ranging from 50...

Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA), a currently used drug for anti-inflammatory bowel disease, is easily oxidized by HOCl, a strong oxidant generated in gut inflammation, to produce electrophilic quinones. We investigated whether this chemical feature has an implication in the anti-inflammatory pharmacology of 5-ASA. Human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells were treated with HOCl-reacted 5-ASA. Oxidized 5-ASA activated Nrf2 while 5-ASA itself was not effective. Activation of Nrf2 led to induction of hemeoxygenase (OH)-1, an anti-inflammatory enzyme...

Cell death and its recently discovered regulated form ferroptosis are characterized by distinct morphological, electrophysiological, and pharmacological features. In particular ferroptosis can be induced by experimental compounds and clinical drugs (i.e., erastin, sulfasalazine, sorafenib, and artesunate) in various cell types and cancer cells. Pharmacologically, this cell death process can be inhibited by iron chelators and lipid peroxidation inhibitors. Relevance of this specific cell death form has been found in different pathological conditions such as cancer, neurotoxicity, neurodegeneration, and ischemia...

A previous dose-escalation study of sulfasalazine (SSZ), an inhibitor of cystine-glutamate exchange transporter xc (-), in the variant form of CD44 (CD44v)-positive cancer stem cells (CSCs) suggested that administration of SSZ induces the reduction of CD44v-positive cells and intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Here we report a study to evaluate SSZ in combination with cisplatin in patients with CD44v-expressing AGC refractory to cisplatin. SSZ was given by oral administration four times daily with 2 weeks on and 1 week off...

The cystine/glutamate antiporter (system Xc(-), Sxc) transports cystine into cell in exchange for glutamate. Since xCT is a specific subunit of Sxc, we employed xCT knockout mice and investigated whether this antiporter affected methamphetamine (MA)-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. MA treatment significantly increased striatal oxidative burdens in wild type mice. xCT inhibitor [i.e., S-4-carboxy-phenylglycine (CPG), sulfasalazine] or an xCT knockout significantly protected against these oxidative burdens...

Despite the increased morbidity of ulcerative colitis (UC) in recent years, available treatments remain unsatisfactory. Pogostemon cablin has been widely applied to treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders in clinic for centuries, in which patchouli alcohol (PA, C15H26O) has been identified as the major active component. This study attempted to determine the bioactivity of PA on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice colitis and clarify the mechanism of action. Acute colitis was induced in mice by 3% DSS for 7 days...

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disease with complex pathophysiology involving the brain-gut axis. To assess the effects of Wasabia koreana (WK) on IBS, we employed a mouse model of colonic zymosan injection presenting with diarrhea-predominant IBS-like symptoms. Oral WK administration significantly diminished stool score, suppressed colon length and weight change, and minimized body weight loss without affecting food intake. In WK-treated mice, the submucosal thickening and epithelial lining of the colon were inhibited and were similar to those of naïve mice...

NF-kappa B is a transcription factor whose activation has been shown to be necessary for long-term memory consolidation in several species. NF-kappa B is activated and translocates to the nucleus of cells in a specific temporal window during consolidation. Our work focuses on a one trial learning tasks associated to the inhibitory avoidance (IA) setting. Mice were trained either receiving or not a footshock when entering a dark compartment (aversive vs. appetitive learning). Regardless of training condition (appetitive or aversive), latencies to step-through during testing were significantly different to those measured during training...

BACKGROUND: Some probiotic strains have the potential to assist in relieving the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. The impact of daily ingestion of a soy-based product fermented by Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus 416 with the addition of Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707 on chemically induced colitis has been investigated thereof within a period of 30 days. METHODS: Colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium. The animals were randomly assigned into five groups: Group C: negative control; Group CL: positive control; Group CLF: DSS with the fermented product; Group CLP: DSS with the non-fermented product (placebo); Group CLS: DSS with sulfasalazine...

The design, synthesis and activity of polymodal compounds for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease are reported. The compounds, being based on a metal-Schiff base motif, are designed to degrade during intestinal transit to release the bioactive components in the gut. The compounds have been developed sequential with the biomodal compounds combining copper or zinc with a salicylaldehyde adduct. These compounds were tested in a formalin induced colonic inflammation model in BK:A mice. From these studies a trimodal compound based on a zinc Schiff base analogue of sulfasalazine was designed...