Medication

Improvements in diagnosis and treatments explain the notable increase in patients chronically affected or recovering from cancer. This is a fragile population, who is physically, psychologically and socially affected by the consequences of the disease and the associated treatments. In addition to detecting a possible relapse, oncologists and primary care physicians have to deal with a variety of issues like psychological distress, sexual dysfunction, cardiotoxicity, cognitive impairment, fatigue and, in some cases, a second primary cancer...

In the latter part of the 20th century, drug development in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) was a paragon of "modern" therapeutics, bringing about a substantial number of effective, well-tolerated agents targeting some of the most prevalent diseases of the Western world. These drugs were often examples of rational drug development targeting specific pathophysiologic pathways previously elucidated through basic research (e.g., targeting of the renin-angiotensin system or the cholesterol synthesis pathway). The widespread adoption of these ground-breaking medications in practice and into medical guidelines undoubtedly played a role in the fall of morbidity and mortality from CVD in the United States in recent decades...

INTRODUCTION: Due to interindividual variation in desmopressin response, non-severe haemophilia A patients require desmopressin testing prior to therapeutic treatment. However, adequate response or frequency of blood sampling is not standardised in international guidelines. Consequently, various definitions and blood sampling protocols are currently applied. Interestingly, sustainability of desmopressin response is not incorporated into these definitions. AIM: To study desmopressin response rates in a cohort of non-severe haemophilia A patients using currently accepted desmopressin response definitions...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate renal concentrating ability after long-term fast-melting oral desmopressin lyophilisate treatment in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. METHODS: The present retrospective study involved 58 children (43 boys, 15 girls; aged 6-12 years) with nocturnal enuresis receiving oral desmopressin lyophilisate. After treatment for 4 weeks with a complete response, patients were placed on a reduced dose of 120 μg on alternate days. Moring urine osmolality was measured using urine samples obtained after medication and non-medication dry nights...

Suicide is a world health priority. Studies over the last few decades have revealed the complexity underlying the neurobiological mechanisms of suicide. Researchers have found dysregulations in the serotonergic system, the stress system, neural plasticity, lipid metabolism, and cell signaling pathways in relation to suicidal behaviors. These findings have provided more insight into the final path leading to suicide, at which medical intervention should be applied to prevent the action. However, because these molecular mechanisms have been implicated in both depression and suicide, the specificity of the mechanisms has been obscured...

BACKGROUND: Exercise training is commonly recommended for individuals with fibromyalgia. This review is one of a series of reviews about exercise training for people with fibromyalgia that will replace the "Exercise for treating fibromyalgia syndrome" review first published in 2002. OBJECTIVES: • To evaluate the benefits and harms of aerobic exercise training for adults with fibromyalgia• To assess the following specific comparisons ० Aerobic versus control conditions (eg, treatment as usual, wait list control, physical activity as usual) ० Aerobic versus aerobic interventions (eg, running vs brisk walking) ० Aerobic versus non-exercise interventions (eg, medications, education) We did not assess specific comparisons involving aerobic exercise versus other exercise interventions (eg, resistance exercise, aquatic exercise, flexibility exercise, mixed exercise)...

Disruption of normal barrier function is a fundamental factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, which includes increased epithelial cell death, modified mucus configuration, altered expression and distribution of tight junction-proteins, along with a decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides. Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with life-long morbidity for affected patients, and both the incidence and prevalence is increasing globally, resulting in substantial economic strain for society...

PURPOSE: We examined selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) as a replacement therapy for medically controlled open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertensive patients. METHODS: A prospective randomized interventional clinical trial on 143 glaucoma patients. Patients were randomized to either receiving SLT or to the control group that continued on pressure lowering medication. Data were recorded 1 hr, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months after SLT. Primary outcome was number of medications at 12 and 18 months while maintaining a predetermined target intraocular pressure (IOP)...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Atypical and severe clinical manifestations of primary and recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections may present to a pediatric dermatologist for evaluation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical features of the population diagnosed with HSV referred to a pediatric dermatology office. METHODS: This retrospective case series examined patients diagnosed with HSV in a pediatric dermatology practice at an academic medical center from 2005 to 2015...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of chronic hypertension (CH), with and without superimposed preeclampsia (PE), on the incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates, and explore possible mechanisms for such association. METHODS: The data for the study were derived from prospective screening for adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with singleton pregnancies attending for their first routine hospital visit at 11-13 weeks' gestation, which included recording of maternal characteristics and medical history and measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP)...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare state anxiety, trait anxiety, and dental anxiety in caregivers of patients with special needs and caregivers of pediatric patients without special needs at dental clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected using a semistructured questionnaire. All respondents were older than 18 years of age. Individuals with cognitive impairment and those taking anxiolytics, antidepressants, or sleep-inducing medication were excluded from the study...

In the medical biology, it is essential to understand not only biological morphology but also the interaction between biological materials and agents. To study these, electron microscopy (EM) is often utilized. However, sample preparation techniques for EM require a high level of skill and a considerable time. Here, we conducted EM using a simple technique employing a conductive liquid, BEL-1, and compared the results with another simple technique employing an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4 ])...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Many dermatologic and systemic diseases have been reported in association with hidradenitis suppurativa, but its association with Down syndrome is rarely mentioned in the literature. The objective of the current study was to assess the frequency of hidradenitis suppurativa in patients with Down syndrome who visited our clinic over 4 years. METHODS: We recorded the presenting complaints and dermatologic problems of patients with Down syndrome who visited our clinic from January 2011 to December 2014...

The inherited bleeding disorder von Willebrand disease (VWD) is challenging to diagnose owing to disease heterogeneity, lack of a definitive laboratory test and variations in diagnostic criteria. We evaluated the impact of diagnosis and diagnostic delay on patient outcomes. The PharMetrics Plus Database was interrogated for medical claims for VWD (ICD-9 286.4) and bleeding events between 1 January 2006 and 30 June 2015. Longitudinal analysis was performed of patients newly diagnosed with VWD (≥9 months' continuous enrolment before first VWD claim) through 24 months following diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: Nowadays patients with haemophilia survive longer due to improvements in haemophilia care. It has been hypothesized that the bleeding type and frequency may vary with age and are influenced by co-morbidities and co-medication in elderly patients. OBJECTIVES: To investigate a large group of patients older than 60 years of age with haemophilia concerning haemophilia treatment, bleeding pattern changes, co-morbidities, co-medication, bleeding sites and patient mortality...

OBJECTIVES: To compare incidence of falls in an emergency department (ED) cohort using a traditional International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code-based scheme and an expanded definition that included chief complaint information and to examine the clinical characteristics of visits "missed" in the ICD-9-based scheme. DESIGN: Retrospective electronic record review. SETTING: Academic medical center ED. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 65 and older seen in the ED between January 1, 2013, and September 30, 2015...

OBJECTIVES: To describe the use, quality of life, compliance, complications, and outcome of animals fitted with stump socket prostheses. METHODS: Medical records of dogs fitted with a stump socket prosthesis were reviewed. Functional outcome, quality of life and complications were retrospectively assessed from an owner questionnaire. RESULTS: Thirteen stump socket prostheses (12 dogs) were fitted for a variety of reasons including trauma, congenital abnormalities, and neoplasia...

OBJECTIVES: To analyse and compare major complications in dogs ≥50 kg undergoing tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) or tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease. METHODS: Medical records and radiographs of client-owned dogs (≥50 kg) treated for cranial cruciate ligament disease with either TTA or TPLO between January 2011 and November 2015 were reviewed. Ninety-one TTA cases and 54 TPLO cases met the study inclusion criteria...

Vascular anomalies represent a heterogeneous group of pathologies of the circulatory system that can affect any type of hematic and /or lymphatic vessel of different diameter or anatomic site. The extreme variability of tissue types and districts involved by these lesions determines a wide heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, resulting in involvement of different medical expertise. In this context, a commonly agreed terminology is crucial for the appropriate evaluation and multidisciplinary management of patients...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationships between optimism, self-efficacy, symptom distress, treatment complexity, illness appraisal, coping, and mood disturbance in patients with advanced-stage cancer.
. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
. SETTING: Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New Haven in Connecticut, an outpatient comprehensive cancer center.
. SAMPLE: A convenience sample of 121 adult patients with stages III-IV cancer undergoing active chemotherapy...