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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sushant Sharma Chaudhary, Andrew Toivonen, Gaurav Waratkar, Geoffrey Mo, Deep Chatterjee, Sarah Antier, Patrick Brockill, Michael W Coughlin, Reed Essick, Shaon Ghosh, Soichiro Morisaki, Pratyusava Baral, Amanda Baylor, Naresh Adhikari, Patrick Brady, Gareth Cabourn Davies, Tito Dal Canton, Marco Cavaglia, Jolien Creighton, Sunil Choudhary, Yu-Kuang Chu, Patrick Clearwater, Luke Davis, Thomas Dent, Marco Drago, Becca Ewing, Patrick Godwin, Weichangfeng Guo, Chad Hanna, Rachael Huxford, Ian Harry, Erik Katsavounidis, Manoj Kovalam, Alvin K Y Li, Ryan Magee, Ethan Marx, Duncan Meacher, Cody Messick, Xan Morice-Atkinson, Alexander Pace, Roberto De Pietri, Brandon Piotrzkowski, Soumen Roy, Surabhi Sachdev, Leo P Singer, Divya Singh, Marek Szczepanczyk, Daniel Tang, Max Trevor, Leo Tsukada, Verónica Villa-Ortega, Linqing Wen, Daniel Wysocki
Multimessenger searches for binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers are currently one of the most exciting areas of astronomy. The search for joint electromagnetic and neutrino counterparts to gravitational wave (GW)s has resumed with ALIGO's, AdVirgo's and KAGRA's fourth observing run (O4). To support this effort, public semiautomated data products are sent in near real-time and include localization and source properties to guide complementary observations. In preparation for O4, we have conducted a study using a simulated population of compact binaries and a mock data challenge (MDC) in the form of a real-time replay to optimize and profile the software infrastructure and scientific deliverables...
April 30, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robin Köhler, Seán M Murray
The ParABS system is crucial for the faithful segregation and inheritance of many bacterial chromosomes and low-copy-number plasmids. However, despite extensive research, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the ATPase ParA and its connection to the dynamics and positioning of the ParB-coated cargo have remained unclear. In this study, we utilize high-throughput imaging, quantitative data analysis, and computational modeling to explore the in vivo dynamics of ParA and its interaction with ParB-coated plasmids and the nucleoid...
April 30, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniela Rojo, Clara E Hael, Agustina Soria, Flávio S J de Souza, Malcolm J Low, Lucía F Franchini, Marcelo Rubinstein
Food intake and energy balance are tightly regulated by a group of hypothalamic arcuate neurons expressing the proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene. In mammals, arcuate-specific POMC expression is driven by two cis -acting transcriptional enhancers known as nPE1 and nPE2. Because mutant mice lacking these two enhancers still showed hypothalamic Pomc mRNA, we searched for additional elements contributing to arcuate Pomc expression. By combining molecular evolution with reporter gene expression in transgenic zebrafish and mice, here, we identified a mammalian arcuate-specific Pomc enhancer that we named nPE3, carrying several binding sites also present in nPE1 and nPE2 for transcription factors known to activate neuronal Pomc expression, such as ISL1, NKX2...
April 30, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei-Hsin Hsu, Kai-Wen Cheng, Tzu-Hsuan Feng, Ju-Yu Chen, Guan-Yuan Chen, Lian-Yu Chen, Te I Weng, Cheng-Chih Hsu
Drug abuse is a severe social problem worldwide. Particularly, the issue of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) have increasingly emerged. NPSs are structural or functional analogs of traditional illicit drugs, such as cocaine, cannabis, and amphetamine; these molecules provide the same or more severe neurological effects. Usually, immunoassays are utilized in the preliminary screening method. However, NPSs have poor detectability in commercially available immunoassay kits. Meanwhile, various chromatography combined with the mass spectrometry platform have been developed to quantify NPSs...
April 23, 2024: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abdu Oumer
BACKGROUND: In Ethiopia, malnutrition is a public health threat causing a significant burden of morbidity, mortality, and economic crisis. Simultaneously, khat consumption is alarmingly increasing among adults, yet it might contribute to the existing burden of malnutrition, where the current evidence is inconclusive. Hence, this review was to estimate the association between khat consumption and undernutrition among adults in Ethiopia. METHODS: A comprehensive search for Google, Google Scholar, and PubMed, coupled with a thorough manual search of the literature, was done up to date, October 18, 2023, using relevant search terms: "impact," "effects," "khat chewing," "khat consumption," "Ethiopia," "nutritional status," and "undernutrition...
2024: PloS One
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xianxian Li, Xijian Li, Enyu Xu, Honggao Xie, Hao Sui, Junjie Cai, Yuhuan He
The chemical and pore structures of coal play a crucial role in determining the content of free gas in coal reservoirs. This study focuses on investigating the impact of acidification transformation on the micro-physical and chemical structure characteristics of coal samples collected from Wenjiaba No. 1 Mine in Guizhou. The research involves a semi-quantitative analysis of the chemical structure parameters and crystal structure of coal samples before and after acidification using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments...
2024: PloS One
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Magnus Jutell, Shakura Bhat, Maria Lindstrom Bagge, Per-Erik Isberg, Nana Wiberg
Worldwide vitamin D insufficiency is remarkably prevalent in both children and adults, including pregnant women. The total amount of the vitamin is best measured by 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D), which is a measurement of total serum cholecalciferol 25(OH)D3 and ergocalciferol 25(OH)D2. There is a known correlation between maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) 25(OH)D; however, whether specific maternal demographics or comorbidities influence the correlation remains uncertain. This prospective observational study was designed to study if maternal 25(OH)D levels, maternal age and BMI, amount of supplementation, mode of delivery, diabetes, hypertension/preeclampsia, or sunlight exposure had an impact on the correlation...
2024: PloS One
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tan Doan, Stuart Howell, Stephen Ball, Judith Finn, Peter Cameron, Emma Bosley, Bridget Dicker, Steven Faddy, Ziad Nehme, Natalie Heriot, Andy Swain, Melanie Thorrowgood, Andrew Thomas, Samuel Perillo, Mike McDermott, Tony Smith, Karen Smith, Jason Belcher, Janet Bray
AIM: This study aims to explore regional variation and identify regions within Australia with high incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and low rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). METHOD: Adult OHCAs of presumed medical aetiology occurring across Australia between 2017 and 2019 were mapped onto local government areas (LGA) using the location of arrest coordinates. Bayesian spatial models were applied to provide "smoothed" estimates of OHCA incidence and bystander CPR rates (for bystander-witnessed OHCAs) for each LGA...
2024: PloS One
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tingyu Wen, Shubo Zhao, Julian Stingele, Jean-Luc Ravanat, Marc M Greenberg
The major product of DNA-methylating agents, N7-methyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (MdG), is a persistent lesion in vivo , but it is not believed to have a large direct physiological impact. However, MdG reacts with histone proteins to form reversible DNA-protein cross-links (DPCMdG ), a family of DNA lesions that can significantly threaten cell survival. In this paper, we developed a tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying the amounts of MdG and DPCMdG in nuclear DNA by taking advantage of their chemical lability and the concurrent release of N7-methylguanine...
April 23, 2024: Chemical Research in Toxicology
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elijah Abraham, A M Gihan K Athapaththu, Kalina R Atanasova, Qi-Yin Chen, Taylor J Corcoran, Juan Piloto, Cheng-Wei Wu, Ranjala Ratnayake, Hendrik Luesch, Keith P Choe
C. elegans numr-1/2 (<u>nu</u>clear-localized <u>m</u>etal-<u>r</u>esponsive) is an identical gene pair encoding a nuclear protein previously shown to be activated by cadmium and disruption of the integrator RNA metabolism complex. We took a chemical genetic approach to further characterize regulation of this novel metal response by screening 41,716 compounds and extracts for numr-1p::GFP activation. The most potent activator was chaetocin, a fungal 3,6-epidithiodiketopiperazine (ETP) with promising anticancer activity...
April 23, 2024: ACS Chemical Biology
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luzhan Huang, Yongchao Jiang, Pengcheng Zhang, Muhan Li, Bingrong Liu, Keyong Tang
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective method for resecting early-stage tumors in the digestive system. To achieve a low injection pressure of the injected fluid and continuous elevation of the mucosa following injection during the ESD technique, we introduced an innovative injectable sodium-alginate-based drug-loaded microsphere (Cipro-ThSA) for ESD surgery, which was generated through an emulsion reaction involving cysteine-modified sodium alginate (ThSA) and ciprofloxacin. Cipro-ThSA microspheres exhibited notable adhesiveness, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties, providing a certain level of postoperative wound protection...
April 23, 2024: Biomacromolecules
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Protocol to develop a moisture-desorptive passive cooling system for electronics thermal management.
Zengguang Sui, Yunren Sui, Zhixiong Ding, Haosheng Lin, Fuxiang Li, Wei Wu
Passive thermal management with zero-energy consumption and high compactness has drawn increasing attention. Here, we present a protocol to develop a hygroscopic salt-loaded heat sink with a moisture-permeable membrane encapsulation technique for electronics cooling. We describe steps for preparing lithium bromide solution and heat sink with anti-corrosion graphene coating. We then detail procedures for preparing the hygroscopic salt-loaded membrane-encapsulated heat sinks (HSMHSs). The produced low-cost HSMHS exhibits remarkably high thermal management performance without the risks of leakage and corrosion...
April 22, 2024: STAR protocols
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nan Lin, Gregory Tierney, Songbai Ji
OBJECTIVE: Impact kinematics are widely employed to investigate mechanisms of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, they are susceptible to noise and artefacts; thus, require data filtering. Few studies have focused on how data filtering affects brain strain most relevant to TBI. Here, we report that impact-induced brain strains are much less sensitive to data filtering than kinematics based on three filtering methods: CFC180, lowpass 200Hz, and a new method called Head Exposure to Acceleration Database in Sport (HEADSport)...
April 23, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Bio-medical Engineering
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christos Kyrkou
High-efficiency deep learning (DL) models are necessary not only to facilitate their use in devices with limited resources but also to improve resources required for training. Convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) typically exert severe demands on local device resources and this conventionally limits their adoption within mobile and embedded platforms. This brief presents work toward utilizing static convolutional filters generated from the space of local binary patterns (LBPs) and Haar features to design efficient ConvNet architectures...
April 23, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan Parkinson, Wei Wang
MOTIVATION: Antibody therapeutic candidates must exhibit not only tight binding to their target but also good developability properties, especially low risk of immunogenicity. RESULTS: In this work, we fit a simple generative model, SAM, to sixty million human heavy and seventy million human light chains. We show that the probability of a sequence calculated by the model distinguishes human sequences from other species with the same or better accuracy on a variety of benchmark datasets containing >400 million sequences than any other model in the literature, outperforming large language models (LLMs) by large margins...
April 23, 2024: Bioinformatics
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mary E Moya-Mendez, Isabel DeLaura, Steven W Thornton, Adam R Williams, Brittany A Zwischenberger
OBJECTIVES: Use of radial artery as a second arterial graft, compared to a saphenous vein, in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) can improve late outcomes. However, the radial artery remains underutilized. We initiated a quality improvement (QI) initiative to increase usage of radial artery grafts. METHODS: During our four-month lead period, we disseminated evidence for radial artery graft usage to surgeons, developed a radial artery decision-making algorithm, and adopted endoscopic harvesting...
April 23, 2024: Interdiscip Cardiovasc Thorac Surg
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yujie Zhang
This study investigates the "Negative Spillover Effect"-a conceptual framework that highlights the correlation between older adults' community safety concerns and depressive symptoms. It explores the moderating influence of the sense of freedom in this relationship. Through the analysis of data from 3408 participants in the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey, employing a two-stage least squares regression approach, the study uncovers the intricate role of the sense of freedom in influencing the depressive symptoms of older adults based on their community safety concerns...
April 23, 2024: Journal of Applied Gerontology: the Official Journal of the Southern Gerontological Society
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongxin Liu, Min He, Sijie Zhang
The bromide-chloride mixed quasi-two-dimensional (2D) perovskite, with a natural quantum well structure and tunable exciton binding energy, has gained significant attention for high-performance blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the relative importance of having a low trap state density or efficient exciton transfer for high-efficiency electroluminescence (EL) performance remains elusive. Here, two molecules with the benzoic acid group, sodium 4-fluorobenzoate (SFB) and 3,5-dibromobenzoic acid (DBA), are used to modulate the phase distribution and trap state to explore the effect between energy transfer and defect passivation...
April 23, 2024: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jon T Giles, Daniel H Solomon, Katherine P Liao, Pamela M Rist, Zahi A Fayad, Ahmed Tawakol, Joan M Bathon
OBJECTIVES: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and atherosclerosis share many common inflammatory pathways. We studied whether a multi-biomarker panel for RA disease activity (MBDA) would associate with changes in arterial inflammation in an interventional trial. METHODS: In the TARGET Trial, RA patients with active disease despite methotrexate were randomly assigned to the addition of either a TNF inhibitor or sulfasalazine+hydroxychloroquine (triple therapy). Baseline and 24-week follow-up 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans were assessed for change in arterial inflammation measured as the maximal arterial target-to-blood background ratio of FDG uptake in the most diseased segment of the carotid arteries or aorta (MDS-TBRmax)...
April 23, 2024: Rheumatology
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marco Ranucci, Ekaterina Baryshnikova, Martina Anguissola, Vittoria Mazzotta, Chiara Scirea, Mauro Cotza, Antonio Ditta, Carlo de Vincentiis
OBJECTIVES: The multifactorial dynamic perfusion index was recently introduced as a predictor of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. The multifactorial dynamic perfusion index was developed based on retrospective data retrieved from the patient files. The present study aims to prospectively validate this index in an external series of patients, through an on-line measure of its various components. METHODS: inclusion criteria were: adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass...
April 23, 2024: European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery
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