Brain swelling

BACKGROUND: Yi-Qi-Huo-Xue Decoction (YQHXD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has demonstrated efficacy in the clinical treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) for over a decade. Nevertheless, the precise pharmacotherapeutic compounds of YQHXD capable of penetrating into cerebral tissue and the pharmacological underpinnings of YQHXD remain ambiguous. METHODS: The active components of YQHXD in rat brains was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry...

OBJECTIVES: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) exhibited significant clinical heterogeneities. However, the clinical features, radiographic changes, and prognosis of patients with encephalitis-like NIID have yet to be systematically elucidated. METHODS: Clinical data including medical history, physical examination, and laboratory examinations were collected and analyzed. Skin and sural nerve biopsies were conducted on the patient. Repeat-primed PCR (RP-PCR) and fluorescence amplicon length PCR (AL-PCR) were used to detect the expansion of CGG repeat...

Poor outcome following traumatic acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is associated with the severity of the primary injury and secondary injury including cerebral edema and ischemia. However, the underlying secondary injury mechanism contributing to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and high mortality rate remains unclear. Cerebral edema occurs in response to the exposure of the intracellular fixed charge density (FCD) after cell death, causing ICP to increase. The increased ICP from swollen tissue compresses blood vessels in adjacent tissue, restricting blood flow and leading to ischemic damage...

BACKGROUND: Studies for new treatment strategies on cancer continue, and new searches continue in the diagnosis and evaluation of cancer. This study examined the possible anticarcinogenic effect of Rutin on the brain tissues of male mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histologically Hematoxylin&Eosin (H&E) staining methods for evaluation. RESULTS: In the evaluation results, we saw a significant decrease in the brain volume of the tumor group to the control group...

BACKGROUND: Facial paralysis due to parotid sialolithiasis-induced parotitis is a unusual clinical phenomenon that has not been reported in prior literature. This scenario can present a diagnostic challenge due to its rarity and complex symptomatology, particularly if a patient has other potential contributing factors such as facial trauma or bilateral forehead botox injections as in this patient. This case report elucidates such a complex presentation, aiming to increase awareness and promote timely recognition among clinicians...

BACKGROUND: Awake craniotomy (AC) is a neurosurgical method for the resection of brain lesions located in eloquent areas to achieve maximal and safe resection. A patient's arousal quality is essential for the success of the operation. This study compared the arousal time and quality after AC achieved by 2 different drug combinations: rocuronium with sugammadex and propofol with remifentanil. METHODS: This prospective, randomized, controlled trial included 42 adult patients undergoing AC with a laryngeal mask, who were randomly assigned to either a rocuronium-sugammadex group (RS; n = 21) or a propofol-remifentanil without muscle relaxant group (nRS; n = 21)...

BACKGROUND: Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), an intracellular protein that regulates redox reactions, released from red blood cells is involved in inflammatory brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) may be crucial in this process. This study investigated the role of the Prx2-TLR4 inflammatory axis in brain injury following experimental ICH in mice. METHODS: First, C57BL/6 mice received an intracaudate injection of autologous arterial blood or saline and their brains were harvested on day 1 to measure Prx2 levels...

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of moxibustion at "Xinshu"(BL15) and "Feishu"(BL13) combined with intraperitoneal injection of benazepril on cardiac function and phosphorylation of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (elF2α) proteins in myocardium of rats with chronic heart failure (CHF), so as to explore its potential mechanism underlying improvement of CHF. METHODS: A total of 42 male SD rats were randomly assigned to blank control ( n =10), CHF model ( n =7), medication (benazepril, n =8), moxibustion ( n =8) and moxibustion+benazepril ( n =9) groups, after cardiac ultrasound model identification and elimination of the dead...

IMPORTANCE: Rapid and accurate diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis encourages prompt initiation of immunotherapy toward improved patient outcomes. However, clinical features alone may not sufficiently narrow the differential diagnosis, and awaiting autoantibody results can delay immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To identify simple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics that accurately distinguish 2 common forms of autoimmune encephalitis, LGI1- and CASPR2-antibody encephalitis (LGI1/CASPR2-Ab-E), from 2 major differential diagnoses, viral encephalitis (VE) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)...

Sequestration of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) in the microcirculation is a hallmark of cerebral malaria (CM) in post-mortem human brains. It remains controversial how this might be linked to the different disease manifestations, in particular brain swelling leading to brain herniation and death. The main hypotheses focus on iRBC-triggered inflammation and mechanical obstruction of blood flow. Here, we test these hypotheses using murine models of experimental CM (ECM), SPECT-imaging of radiolabeled iRBCs and cerebral perfusion, MR-angiography, q-PCR, and immunohistochemistry...

Volatile Solvents Abuse (VSA) poses major health risks, especially for young people and those living in precarious socio-economic conditions. Such substances can in fact bring about psychoactive effects such as euphoria, and even lead to sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression, myocardial infarction, laryngospasm, encephalopathy, and rhabdomyolysis. The present case report is centered around a 23-year-old man who died in prison due to inhalation of a cooker gas mixture (n-butane, propane, and isobutane) inside a plastic bag...

Natural ageing is accompanied by a decline in motor, sensory, and cognitive functions, all impacting quality of life. Ageing is also the predominant risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. We need to therefore gain a better understanding of the cellular and physiological processes underlying age-related neuronal decay. However, gaining this understanding is a slow process due to the large amount of time required to age mammalian or vertebrate animal models...

Calpain and PARP-NF-κB signaling are reported to participate in the ischemic brain injury. In this study, it was investigated whether calpain was contributed to the neurovascular unit (NVU) damage through up-regulating PARP-NF-κB signaling during experimental ischemic stroke. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were suffered from 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by reperfusion. The NVU damage was evaluated by the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB), the degradation of proteins in extracellular matrix and tight junctions, and ultrastructural changes...

BACKGROUND: Gigantic epidermal cysts (GECs) are rare benign skin appendicular tumours also known as keratinocysts. GECs have a high incidence and their wall is made up of epidermis. Epidermal cysts can occur in any part of the skin; clinical manifestations include skin colour hemispherical swelling; cystic; mobile; 0.5 cm to several centimetres in diameter; and slow growth. CASE SUMMARY: Herein, we report a case involving a 56-year-old female with a GEC in the occipitalia...

Brain oedema or tissue swelling that develops after ischaemic stroke can cause detrimental effects, including brain herniation and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). These effects can be reduced by performing a decompressive craniectomy (DC) operation, in which a portion of the skull is removed to allow swollen brain tissue to expand outside the skull. In this study, a poroelastic model is used to investigate the effect of brain ischaemic infarct size and location on the severity of brain tissue swelling...

OBJECTIVE: To establish a preclinical large-animal model of Deinagkistrodon acutus snakebite envenomation and evaluate its feasibility. METHODS: The venom of D. acutus (0 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg) was injected into the left biceps femoris of 11 male pigs. Then, the circumferences of the limbs were regularly measured, and changes in muscle injury biomarkers, blood parameters, coagulation function, vital organ function and injury biomarkers were regularly detected...

Cerebral cavitation is usual following acute brain injuries, such as stroke and traumatic brain injuries, as well as after tumor resection. Minimally-invasive implantation of an injectable scaffold in the cavity is a promising approach for potential regeneration of tissue loss. This study aimed to design an in situ gelling conductive hydrogel containing silk fibroin (SF), brain decellularized ECM (dECM), and carbon nanotubes (CNT) for potential use in brain tissue regeneration. 2% w/v SF hydrogels with different concentrations of dECM (0...

Moyamoya syndrome, known as secondary moyamoya disease, is associated with various primary illnesses, such as brain tumor, meningitis, autoimmune disease, and thyrotoxicosis, and their relations are not clear. We report a rare case of moyamoya syndrome in a patient with Graves' disease. An 18-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to convulsions. She had symptoms of palpitations and fatiguability for half a year and transient numbness in her left upper extremity and dysarthria for a month. In physical findings, tachycardia and diffuse thyroid swelling were noted...

OBJECTIVE: This case report aims to present a rare case of thoracic lordosis and lumbar kyphosis and describe the posterior instrumented scoliosis correction performed. CASE PRESENTATION: A 59-year-old female presented with low back pain. She had undergone ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement 8 years ago. I scored 76 on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. MRI of the lumbar spine showed spinal canal stenosis at L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1. Full spine X-ray revealed thoracic lordosis and lumbar kyphoscoliosis， the coronal imbalance, and the sagittal compensatory balance...

INTRODUCTION: Mortality in pediatric cerebral malaria (CM) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is associated with brain swelling on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, MRI is unavailable in most LMICs. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement is an inexpensive method of detecting increased intracranial pressure compared with the invasive opening pressure (OP). Our primary objective was to determine if increased ONSD correlated with brain swelling on MRI in pediatric CM...