Selection student equity

The pervasive effects of structural racism and racial discrimination are well-established and offer strong evidence that the effects of many important variables on health and life outcomes vary by race. Alarmingly, standard practices for statistical regression analysis introduce racial biases into the estimation and presentation of these race-modified effects. We introduce abundance-based constraints (ABCs) to eliminate these racial biases. ABCs offer a remarkable invariance property: estimates and inference for main effects are nearly unchanged by the inclusion of race-modifiers...

INTRODUCTION: There are gender inequalities in all fields, including radiology. Although the situation is improving, the presence of radiologists in leadership positions continues to be a minority. The objective of this article is to analyse the situation of women in the spanish radiology, comparing it with Europe and the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected the years 2000-2022 as reference period to make a comparison with feminization data throughout history...

BACKGROUND: In the past decades, there has been a growing concern to understand why boys struggle in school. One of the turning points in students' educational trajectories likely to exacerbate boys' academic difficulties is students' enrolment in private or enriched school programmes, as boys are underrepresented in such programmes. METHOD: To better understand this gender imbalance, our research draws on a longitudinal design to examine whether grade 6 students' externalizing behaviours, school engagement and school grades in mathematics and language arts relate to secondary school programme attendance, among a sample size of 577 students (277 boys)...

The pervasive effects of structural racism and racial discrimination are well-established and offer strong evidence that the effects of many important variables on health and life outcomes vary by race. Alarmingly, standard practices for statistical regression analysis introduce racial biases into the estimation and presentation of these race-modified effects. We introduce abundance-based constraints (ABCs) to eliminate these racial biases. ABCs offer a remarkable invariance property: estimates and inference for main effects are nearly unchanged by the inclusion of race-modifiers...

There is debate over whether Asian American students face additional barriers, relative to white students, when applying to selective colleges. Here we present the results from analyzing 685,709 applications submitted over five application cycles to 11 highly selective colleges (the "Ivy-11"). We estimate that Asian American applicants had 28% lower odds of ultimately attending an Ivy-11 school than white applicants with similar academic and extracurricular qualifications. The gap was particularly pronounced for students of South Asian descent (49% lower odds)...

IMPORTANCE: Life expectancy is decreasing in the US. Without national efforts to address factors that support policies and programs directed at children living in areas of concentrated poverty, life expectancy will likely continue to decline while costs and suffering associated with unnatural deaths will increase. OBJECTIVE: To identify which childhood factors are associated with death from unnatural causes through midadulthood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: For this cohort study, longitudinal data on childhood characteristics came from a group-randomized intervention trial implemented in Baltimore City Public Schools, Baltimore, Maryland (baseline 1985-1986; all students entering first grade were selected to participate at age 6 years)...

BACKGROUND: Understanding the variances in visual skin changes across all skin tones is important in clinical care. However, the experiences of those teaching skin assessment to pre- and post-registrant nurses are unknown. AIMS: To determine the barriers and facilitators experienced in teaching skin assessment across a range of skin tones to pre- and post-registrant nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional, mixed-methods online survey was undertaken throughout February and March 2023 based on the Theoretical Domains Framework of behaviour change...

BACKGROUND: The Supreme Court's decision in Students for Fair Admissions, Inc., v. Harvard College is likely to result in the matriculation of fewer students from historically excluded racial/ethnic groups at more selective colleges and universities and matriculation of more students at less selective colleges and universities. Because of this, it is important to understand how resources for pre-health advising, a modifiable factor that can help increase the diversity of the health workforce, vary across institutions with differing levels of selectivity...

BACKGROUND: Adequacy of learning models and their ability to engage students and match session's objectives are critical factors in achieving the desired outcome. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assess the methodological approach, content, and effectiveness of training initiatives addressing medical students' knowledge, attitudes, confidence and discrimination perception towards LGBTQIA + people. METHOD: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline and Scopus were searched to identify published studies, from 2013 to 2023, on effectiveness of training initiatives addressing medical students' knowledge, attitudes, confidence and discrimination perception towards LGBTQIA + people...

BACKGROUND: Orthopaedic surgery continues to be one of the least diverse medical specialties. Recently, increasing emphasis has been placed on improving diversity in the medical field, which includes the need to better understand existing biases. Despite this, only about 6% of orthopaedic surgeons are women and 0.3% are Black. Addressing diversity, in part, requires a better understanding of existing biases. Most universities and residency programs have statements and policies against discrimination that seek to eliminate explicit biases...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the socio-demographic profile of all students enrolled to study medicine in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational, cross-sectional study. Data were sought from the Universities of Auckland and Otago, the two NZ tertiary education institutions providing medical education, for the period 2016-2020 inclusive. These data are a subset of the larger project 'Mirror on Society' examining all regulated health professional enrolled students in NZ...

Background Aligning resident and training program attributes is critical. Many programs screen and select residents using assessment tools not grounded in available evidence. This can introduce bias and inappropriate trainee recruitment. Prior reviews of this literature did not include the important lens of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Objective This study's objective is to summarize the evidence linking elements in the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) application with selection and training outcomes, including DEI factors...

BACKGROUND: The diversity of the world's population is increasing, along with the health inequities of underrepresented minority populations. To provide high-quality care to all patients, nurses require an understanding of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) as well as how to implement best practices. Nurse educators are the ones to lead the way for DEI education for students. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to describe the findings of a literature review that introduces DEI concepts for excellence in nurse education and their related benefits...

INTRODUCTION: International conferences offer an excellent opportunity for career development and are global academic opportunities with the potential to foster educational and professional growth. However, equitable access to participation and meaningful involvement in such events remains an issue. In this article we describe the novel Rural Early Career Ambassador Integration project and its implications for the 2022 World Rural Health Conference, held at the University of Limerick, Ireland...

INTRODUCTION: Medical students lack systematic exposure to community engagement. Community-engaged research (CEnR) is an effective approach to improve community health, and community-engaged physicians are better attuned to the community context of their patients' health and well-being. The Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) Office of Community Engagement began offering the educational series Foundations of Community Engagement in 2021 to meet this need. METHODS: We developed and implemented a four-session series for medical students at MCW and the University of Nebraska Medical Center...

Background The utilization of simulation resources can be an effective strategy to offer early medical exposure to underrepresented in medicine (URiM) youth populations, with the objective of promoting diversity in the field of medicine. Currently, it is unclear what proportion of academic anesthesiology programs with simulation centers utilize these resources for community engagement events. Methodology A survey was created using REDCap® and distributed via email to 38 anesthesiologists from 30 departments in the United States holding a leadership position dedicated to advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion...

BACKGROUND: The Centers for AIDS Research Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Pathway Initiative (CDEIPI) aims to establish programs to develop pathways for successful careers in HIV science among scholars from underrepresented racial and ethnic populations. This article describes cross-site evaluation outcomes during the first 18 months (July 2021-December 2022) across 15 programs. METHODS: The aims of the evaluation were to characterize participants, describe feasibility, challenges, and successes of the programs and provide a basis for the generalizability of best practices to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) programs in the United States...

Medical training occurs during peak childbearing years for most medical students. Many factors influence specialty selection. The aims of this study were (i) to determine whether being a parent is a major deciding factor when picking a specialty and (ii) whether parents are more drawn to family-friendly specialties than non-parents. The authors performed a multicenter web-based survey study of medical students enrolled in Oregon Health and Science University, Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine, and University of Michigan Medical School...

In 2020, a government-funded healthy school lunch program was introduced in a quarter of New Zealand schools, selected due to high levels of socio-economic barriers. This study assesses the impact of the introduction of the school lunch program from family (whānau), student and school principal perspectives. Across four schools, we conducted five focus groups (two with secondary students and three with family members) and four school principal interviews. Participating schools represented a range of contexts: primary and secondary, schools with cooks in on-site kitchens and schools receiving meals delivered by external caterers...

Research has shown that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQIA+) healthcare students experience discrimination during admissions and training. While several studies have examined the experiences of racial and ethnic minorities within the genetic counseling field, the admissions experiences of LGBTQIA+ individuals have not been explored. Through semi-structured interviews, this qualitative study investigated the experiences of ten LGBTQIA+ genetic counselors and genetic counseling students during graduate school admissions...