Parainfluenza virus

The human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common pathogen in children that can cause acute respiratory virus infection (ARVI). However, the molecular epidemiological and clinical information relating to HAdV among hospitalized children with ARVI is rarely reported in Russia. A 4-year longitudinal (2019-2022) study among hospitalized children (0-17 years old) with ARVI in Novosibirsk, Russia, was conducted to evaluate the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of HAdV. Statistically significant differences in the detection rates of epidemiological and virological data of all positive viral detections of HAdV were analyzed using a two-tailed Chi-square test...

Acute respiratory viruses (ARVs) are the leading cause of diseases in humans worldwide. High-risk individuals, including children and the elderly, could potentially develop severe illnesses that could result in hospitalization or death in the worst case. The most common ARVs are the Human respiratory syncytial virus, Human Metapneumovirus, Human Parainfluenza Virus, rhinovirus, coronaviruses (including SARS and MERS CoV), adenoviruses, Human Bocavirus, enterovirus (-D68 and 71), and influenza viruses. The olfactory deficits due to ARV infection are a common symptom among patients...

Objective: To compare the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in Kunming among the pre-and post-COVID-19 era, and to establish a prediction model for severe RSV infection in children during the post-COVID-19 period. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from 959 children hospitalized with RSV infection in the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Kunming Children's Hospital during January to December 2019 and January to December 2023...

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory infections are an ongoing global health challenge. The COVID-19 pandemic triggered global nonpharmacological measures that reshaped public health. In Japan, the shift from legal to individual discretion in pandemic management started on May 8, 2023. However, it still unknown how the relaxation of measures affects respiratory pathogens across age groups. METHODS: We collected 16,946 samples from 13,526 patients between February 2020 and September 2023, analyzing the circulating respiratory pathogen dynamics using FilmArray respiratory panel...

Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (BPIV3) serves as a crucial pathogen in cattle, adept at triggering severe respiratory symptoms. This investigation explores the intricate interplay of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), unfolded protein response (UPR), and autophagy upon BPIV3 infection. In this study, we initially confirm a substantial increase in glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78) expression, accompanied by noticeable morphological changes and significant expansion of the ER lumen observed through transmission electron microscopy upon BPIV3 infection...

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, outbreaks of parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) decreased due to infection control measures. However, a post-pandemic resurgence of PIV-3 has recently been observed. Nonetheless, the role of viral genetic epidemiology, possibly influenced by a genetic bottleneck effect, remains unexplored. We investigated the phylogenetic structure of the publicly available PIV-3 whole-genome and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene sequences spanning the last 65 years, including the COVID-19 pandemic...

BACKGROUND: Although influenza viruses cause only one-fifth of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Burkina Faso, the other viral causes of SARI remain poorly investigated to inform clinical and preventive decision making. METHODS: Between 2016 and 2019, we prospectively enrolled inpatients meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition of SARI in Burkina Faso. Results of viral etiologies among inpatients tested negative for influenza using the Fast Track Diagnostics Respiratory Kits (FTD-33) were reported...

In modern practice viral parotitis is unlikely to be due to mumps. Case and surveillance studies have detected a host of other viruses in mumps-negative viral parotitis, but because of their weak association with viral parotitis, it has been difficult to establish causality. This case report is unique because a familial pair presented in tandem with different manifestations of an infection with the parainfluenza virus. These circumstances allowed the strong association of the parainfluenza virus with the mother's croup to be substituted for the normally weak association of the parainfluenza virus with the son's viral parotitis...

Paramyxoviruses are reported to block apoptosis for their replication, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Furthermore, regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis by paramyxoviruses has been hardly reported. We investigated whether and how human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) counteracts apoptosis. Infection of recombinant hPIV-2 carrying mutated V protein showed higher caspase 3/7 activity and higher cytochrome c release from mitochondria than wild type hPIV-2 infection. This indicates that V protein controls mitochondrial apoptosis pathway...

Human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) is a widespread pathogen causing severe and lethal respiratory illness in at-risk populations. Effective countermeasures are in various stages of development; however, licensed therapeutic and prophylactic options are not available. The fusion glycoprotein (HPIV3 F), responsible for facilitating viral entry into host cells, is a major target of neutralizing Abs that inhibit infection. Although several neutralizing Abs against a small number of HPIV3 F epitopes have been identified to date, relatively little is known about the Ab response to HPIV3 compared with other pathogens, such as influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2...

INTRODUCTION: Tick-borne pathogens especially viruses are continuously appearing worldwide, which have caused severe public health threats. Understanding the species, distribution and epidemiological trends of tick-borne viruses (TBVs) is essential for disease surveillance and control. METHODS: In this study, the data on TBVs and the distribution of ticks in China were collected from databases and literature. The geographic distribution of TBVs in China was mapped based on geographic locations of viruses where they were prevalent or they were detected in vector ticks...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of common pathogens contributing to childhood lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in Xiangtan City, Hunan Province before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: A total of 11,891 enrolled patients, aged 1 month to 14 years, diagnosed with LRTIs and admitted to Xiangtan Central Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed in this study...

The transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) activates the outer structural proteins of a number of respiratory viruses including influenza A virus (IAV), parainfluenza viruses, and various coronaviruses for membrane fusion. Previous studies showed that TMPRSS2 interacts with the carboxypeptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a cell surface protein that serves as an entry receptor for some coronaviruses. Here, by using protease activity assays, we determine that ACE2 increases the enzymatic activity of TMPRSS2 in a non-catalytic manner...

Despite the fact that pneumonia remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in pre-weaned calves, relatively little is known regarding the effects of the concurrent administration of intranasal pneumonia virus vaccines, particularly in calves with high levels of maternally derived antibodies. The objective of this study was to use a cohort of 40 dairy and dairy-beef female and male calves (27 females and 13 males) to determine serological responses to concurrent administration at 3 weeks of age (22 ± 4...

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and parainfluenza virus (PIV) hospitalize many people yearly. Though severe lower respiratory tract disease has been described in children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised, there is a gap in our understanding of RSV, hMPV, and PIV in hospitalized adults. We sought to evaluate the association of RSV, hMPV, and PIV with severe respiratory disease requiring noninvasive or mechanical ventilation and death in hospitalized adults in the United States...

BACKGROUND: In addition to preventing pneumococcal disease, emerging evidence indicates that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) might indirectly reduce viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) by affecting pneumococcal-viral interactions. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of interventional and observational studies published during 2000-2022 on vaccine efficacy/adjusted effectiveness (VE) and overall effect of PCV7, PCV9, PCV10, or PCV13 against viral RTI...

Respiratory infections and food contaminants pose severe challenges to global health and the economy. A rapid on-site platform for the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens is crucial for accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and a reduced healthcare burden. Herein, we present a spheres-on-sphere (SOS) platform for multiplexed detection using a portable Coulter counter, which employs millimeter- and micron-sized spheres coupled with antibodies as multitarget probes. The assay allows for quantitative detection of multiple analytes within 20 min by simple mixing, enabling on-site detection...

Wheezing is the cardinal symptom of asthma; its presence early in life, mostly caused by viral infections, is a major risk factor for the establishment of persistent or recurrent disease. Early-life wheezing and asthma exacerbations are triggered by common respiratory viruses, mainly rhinoviruses (RV), and to a lesser extent, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses, adenoviruses, influenza, and bocavirus. The excess presence of bacteria, several of which are part of the microbiome, has also been identified in association with wheezing and acute asthma exacerbations, including haemophilus influenza, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydophila pneumonia...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects and depletes CD4+ T-cells, resulting in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and death. Despite numerous clinical trials, there is no licensed HIV vaccine. The HIV envelope glycoprotein (env) is a major target for vaccine development, especially for the development of antibody-mediated protection. In this study, we used J paramyxovirus (JPV) as a viral vector to express HIV-env. We replaced the JPV small hydrophobic (SH) gene with HIV-env (rJPV-env). Intranasal rJPV-env immunization induced anti-HIV-gp120 IgG antibodies in mice...

Respiratory viruses have caused severe global health problems and posed essential challenges to the medical community. In recent years, the role of autophagy as a critical process in cells in viral respiratory diseases has been noticed. One of the vital catabolic biological processes in the body is autophagy. Autophagy contributes to energy recovery by targeting and selectively directing foreign microorganisms, organelles, and senescent intracellular proteins to the lysosome for degradation and phagocytosis...