Parainfluenza virus

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), a significant global health concern, imposes a substantial disease burden. In China, there is inadequate data concerning the monitoring of respiratory pathogens, particularly bacteria, among patients with SARI. Therefore, this study aims to delineate the demographic, epidemiological, and aetiological characteristics of hospitalised SARI patients in Central China between 2018 and 2020. METHODS: Eligible patients with SARI admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2020 were included in this retrospective study...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, hospitals have implemented infection control measures to minimize the spread of the virus within facilities. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) and common respiratory virus (cRV) infections in hematology units. METHODS: This retrospective study included all patients hospitalized in Catholic Hematology Hospital between 2019 and 2020...

This study evaluated the effects of maternal supplementation of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on the physiology and growth performance of Bos indicus-influenced cow-calf pairs. On day 0 (~139 d before expected calving date), 72 fall-calving, Brangus crossbred beef heifers (20 to 22 mo of age) pregnant with first offspring were stratified by their initial body weight (BW; 431 ± 31 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 6.0 ± 0.36; scale 1 to 9), and randomly allocated into 1 of 12 bahiagrass pastures (1 ha and 6 heifers per pasture)...

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 has given insight into the evolution and epidemiology of the virus and its variant lineages during the COVID-19 pandemic. Expanding this approach to include a range of respiratory pathogens can better inform public health preparedness for potential outbreaks and epidemics. Here, we simultaneously sequenced 38 pathogens including influenza viruses, coronaviruses and bocaviruses, to examine the abundance and seasonality of respiratory pathogens in urban wastewater. We deployed a targeted bait capture method and short-read sequencing (Illumina Respiratory Virus Oligos Panel; RVOP) on composite wastewater samples from 8 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and one associated hospital site...

To assess the positive rate of 11 respiratory pathogens in 2023, providing a comprehensive summary and analysis of the respiratory infection patterns after COVID-19 pandemic. The study comprised 7544 inpatients suspected of respiratory infections who underwent respiratory pathogen multiplex polymerase chain reaction tests from July 2022 to December 31, 2023. We analyzed the positive rate of 11 pathogens over 18 months and the characterization of infection patterns among different age groups and immune states...

INTRODUCTION: A retrospective study based on sentinel surveillance was conducted in 10 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) in China to enhance the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs). METHODS: From January 2019 to June 2023, respiratory specimens were collected from individuals with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and screened for four HPIVs serotypes and other common respiratory viruses using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...

The transcription and replication processes of non-segmented, negative-strand RNA viruses (nsNSVs) are catalyzed by a multi-functional polymerase complex composed of the large protein (L) and a cofactor protein, such as phosphoprotein (P). Previous studies have shown that the nsNSV polymerase can adopt a dimeric form, however, the structure of the dimer and its function are poorly understood. Here we determine a 2.7 Å cryo-EM structure of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV3) L-P complex with the connector domain (CD') of a second L built, while reconstruction of the rest of the second L-P obtains a low-resolution map of the ring-like L core region...

Both genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to individual variation in the immune response to vaccination. Understanding how genetic background influences variation in both magnitude and persistence of vaccine-induced immunity is vital for improving vaccine development and identifying possible causes of vaccine failure. Dogs provide a relevant biomedical model for investigating mammalian vaccine genetics; canine breed structure and long linkage disequilibrium simplify genetic studies in this species compared to humans...

(1) Background: This study investigated the epidemiology and viral connections of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) using information from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. (2) Method: Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 25,443 patients with HSP were identified, with 51.3% of patients under the age of 20 years and the highest incidence in March. (3) Results: The autoregressive integrated moving average model and Granger causality test were used to analyze the association between the virus positivity detection rate and HSP incidence...

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) stand out as the most frequent causes leading to visits to the emergency department and hospitalizations. This study aims to assess the types and prevalence of respiratory infections across two years following the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Patients presenting with an influenza-like illness (ILI) were tested using multiplex RT-PCR (QIAstat-Dx, Qiagen). The multiplexed RT- PCR test detects 21 respiratory viruses and bacteria...

Viral infections have been considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation in pediatric cohort. Children are at high risk of acquiring virus-related complications due to immunological immaturity and the enhanced alloreactivity risk that led to maintenance of high immunosuppressive regimes. Hence, prevention, early detection, and prompt treatment of such infe ctions are of paramount importance. Among all viral infections, herpes viruses (herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus), hepatitis B and C viruses, BK polyomavirus, and respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and adenovirus) are common in kidney transplant recipients...

OBJECTIVES: To elaborate the utility of multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (multiplex qPCR) for the accurate diagnosis of severe respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in hospitalized children. METHODS: In two separate periods during 2022, 76 respiratory specimens (combined throat/nasopharyngeal swabs) were submitted for multiplex qPCR regarding 26 respiratory pathogens. The specimens were obtained from children with severe RTIs hospitalized in the Institute for Respiratory Diseases in Children, Skopje...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects over 250 million individuals globally and stands as the third leading cause of mortality. Respiratory viral infections serve as the primary drivers of acute exacerbations, hastening the decline in lung function and worsening the prognosis. Notably, Human Parainfluenza Virus type 3 (HPIV-3) is responsible for COPD exacerbations with a frequency comparable to that of Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza viruses. However, the impact of HPIV-3 on respiratory epithelium within the context of COPD remains uncharacterized...

BACKGROUND: Effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions during the pandemic were mainly studied for severe outcomes. Among children, most of the burden of respiratory infections is related to infections which are not medically attended. The perspective on infections in the community setting is necessary to understand the effects of the pandemic on non-pharmaceutical interventions. METHODS: In the unique prospective LoewenKIDS cohort study, we compared the true monthly incidence of self-reported acute respiratory infections (ARI) in about 350 participants (aged 3-4 years old) between October 2019 to March 2020 (pre-pandemic period) and October 2020 to March 2021 (pandemic period)...

OBJECTIVES: To report epidemiological and virological results of an outbreak investigation of influenza-like illness (ILI) among refugees in Northern Italy. STUDY DESIGN: Outbreak investigation of ILI cases observed among nearly 100 refugees in Northern Italy unvaccinated for influenza. METHODS: An epidemiological investigation matched with a differential diagnosis was carried out for each sample collected from ILI cases to identify 10 viral pathogens (SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus type A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses, rhinovirus, enterovirus, parechovirus, and adenovirus) by using specific real-time PCR assays according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) protocols...

Respiratory tract infections are prevalent and clinically significant in pediatric populations globally. However, pathogen testing often involves time-consuming processes, resulting in delays in diagnosis. To date, commercial testing machines, such as the FilmArray respiratory panel, have been proposed for hospitals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of the FilmArray respiratory panel at a single center. This study utilized the medical records of our hospital to select pediatric inpatients with respiratory tract infections who underwent the FilmArray respiratory panel between September 2020 and April 2021 and those who did not undergo nucleic acid detection (a rapid test group) between September 2019 and April 2020...

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is a key pathogen associated with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). However, its specific pathogenesis mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Reverse genetics provides a useful method for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of BPIV3. To ensure the functionality of the rescue platforms, we first constructed a minigenome (MG) system of BPIV3 utilizing a 5-plasmid system in this investigation. Then, a full-length infection clone of BPIV3 was obtained from the SX-2021 strain, and different methods were employed to identify the rescued virus...

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3) is one of the major pathogens of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). BPIV-3 surveillance in China has been quite limited. In this study, we used PCR to test 302 cattle in China, and found that the positive rate was 4.64% and the herd-level positive rate was 13.16%. Six BPIV-3C strains were isolated and confirmed by electron microscopy, and their titers were determined. Three were sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Phylogenetic analyses showed that all isolates were most closely related to strain NX49 from Ningxia; the genetic diversity of genotype C strains was lower than strains of genotypes A and B; the HN, P, and N genes were more suitable for genotyping and evolutionary analyses of BPIV-3...

The human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common pathogen in children that can cause acute respiratory virus infection (ARVI). However, the molecular epidemiological and clinical information relating to HAdV among hospitalized children with ARVI is rarely reported in Russia. A 4-year longitudinal (2019-2022) study among hospitalized children (0-17 years old) with ARVI in Novosibirsk, Russia, was conducted to evaluate the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of HAdV. Statistically significant differences in the detection rates of epidemiological and virological data of all positive viral detections of HAdV were analyzed using a two-tailed Chi-square test...

Acute respiratory viruses (ARVs) are the leading cause of diseases in humans worldwide. High-risk individuals, including children and the elderly, could potentially develop severe illnesses that could result in hospitalization or death in the worst case. The most common ARVs are the Human respiratory syncytial virus, Human Metapneumovirus, Human Parainfluenza Virus, rhinovirus, coronaviruses (including SARS and MERS CoV), adenoviruses, Human Bocavirus, enterovirus (-D68 and 71), and influenza viruses. The olfactory deficits due to ARV infection are a common symptom among patients...