keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547488/equitable-artificial-intelligence-in-obstetrics-maternal-fetal-medicine-and-neonatology
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryan M McAdams, Tiffany L Green
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential benefits in the interconnected fields of obstetrics, maternal-fetal medicine, and neonatology to bridge disciplinary silos for a unified approach. Artificial intelligence has the capacity to improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision making for the birthing parent-neonate dyad. There is an inherent risk of ingrained biases in AI that perpetuate existing inequalities; thus, care must be taken to include diverse data sets with interdisciplinary collaboration that centers equitable AI implementation...
March 28, 2024: Obstetrics and Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547406/willingness-to-provide-a-hair-sample-for-drug-testing-results-from-an-anonymous-multi-city-intercept-survey
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nae Y Won, Brittney Jabot, Anna Wang, Joseph J Palamar, Linda B Cottler
Background: Hair provision for drug testing can provide secondary measurement to complement self-reported drug use data, thereby providing a more accurate representation of an individual's drug use. Understanding factors associated with hair provision offers valuable insights into recruitment methods. Objective: To identify demographic and drug-related correlates of providing hair samples in a multi-site venue-intercept study. Methods: We utilized venue-intercept sampling for our Rapid Street Reporting study across 12 US cities between January and November 2022...
March 28, 2024: American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547404/assessment-of-associations-between-inhaled-formaldehyde-and-lymphohematopoietic-cancer-through-integration-of-epidemiological-and-toxicological-evidence-with-biological-plausibility
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M J Vincent, S Fitch, L Bylsma, C Thompson, S Rogers, J Britt, D Wikoff
Formaldehyde is recognized as carcinogenic for portal of entry sites, though conclusions are mixed regarding lymphohematopoietic (LHP) cancers. This systematic review assesses the likelihood of a causal relationship between formaldehyde and LHP cancers by integrating components recommended by NASEM. Four experimental rodent bioassays and 16 observational studies in humans were included following implementation of the a priori protocol. All studies were assessed for risk of bias (RoB), and meta-analyses conducted on epidemiological studies, followed by a structured assessment of causation based on GRADE and Bradford Hill...
March 28, 2024: Toxicological Sciences: An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547384/detection-of-non-cardiac-fetal-abnormalities-by-ultrasound-at-11-14%C3%A2-weeks-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#4
REVIEW
J Karim, D Di Mascio, N Roberts, A T Papageorghiou
OBJECTIVES: To assess diagnostic accuracy of 2D ultrasound at 11-14 weeks gestation as a screening test for individual fetal anomalies and identify screening factors impacting detection. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis, developed and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018111781). MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection and The Cochrane Library) were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of screening for 16 pre-specified, non-cardiac, congenital anomalies considered to be of interest to the early anomaly scan...
March 28, 2024: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547307/characterization-of-the-complete-mitochondrial-genome-of-desmaulus-extinctorium-littorinimorpha-calyptraeoidea-calyptraeidae-and-molecular-phylogeny-of-littorinimorpha
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yanwen Ma, Biqi Zheng, Jiji Li, Wei Meng, Kaida Xu, Yingying Ye
For the purpose of determining the placement of Calyptraeidae within the Littorinimorpha, we hereby furnish a thorough analysis of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Desmaulus extinctorium. This mitogenome spans 16,605 base pairs and encompasses the entire set of 37 genes, including 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs and two rRNAs, with an evident AT bias. Notably, tRNASer1 and tRNASer2 lack dihydrouracil (DHU) arms, resulting in an inability to form a secondary structure. Similarly, tRNAAla lacks a TΨC arm, rendering it incapable of forming a secondary structure...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547239/the-causal-effect-of-iron-status-on-risk-of-anxiety-disorders-a-two-sample-mendelian-randomization-study
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruiying Yin, Qi Gao, Guangzhen Fu, Qiang Zhao
OBJECTIVES: Observational studies had investigated the association of iron metabolism with anxiety disorders. The conclusions were inconsistent and not available to reveal the causal or reverse-causal association due to the confounding. In this study we estimated the potential causal effect of iron homeostasis markers on anxiety disorders using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS: Summary data of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with four iron-related biomarkers were extracted from a recent report about analysis of three genome-wide association study (GWAS), the sample size of which ranged from 131471 to 246139 individuals...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547214/from-opt-out-to-opt-in-consent-for-secondary-use-of-medical-data-and-residual-biomaterial-an-evaluation-using-the-re-aim-framework
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer E Lutomski, Peggy Manders
BACKGROUND: Patient records, imaging, and residual biomaterial from clinical procedures are crucial resources for medical research. In the Netherlands, consent for secondary research has historically relied on opt-out consent. For ethical-legal experts who purport passive consent undermines patient autonomy, opt-in consent (wherein affirmative action is required) is seen as the preferred standard. To date, there is little empirical research exploring patient feasibility, organizational consequences, and the potential risks for research based on secondary data...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547203/aesthetic-preference-for-artificially-selected-color-variant-affects-mate-choice-copying-behavior-in-female-poecilia-latipinna
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ronald David MacLaren
Three experiments were conducted examining whether an artificially selected "gold" color variant in female "models" affects mate choice copying behavior in sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna). Experiment I consisted of a pair of female preference assays, first assessing preference for male body size, followed by a mate choice copying assay that paired a model female with the smaller, non-preferred male from the initial preference test. Female subjects were divided into three groups that used either a wildtype female model, an artificially selected "gold" variant (cultivated within the aquarium fish trade) model, or control wherein no model was presented...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547188/exploring-the-neurofunctional-impairments-and-cognitive-biases-concerning-food-and-body-related-stimuli-in-anorexia-nervosa-an-integrated-eeg-and-eye-tracking-study-protocol
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Panagiotis Loizou, Georgia Panagiotou, Panos Zanos, Evangelos Paraskevopoulos
BACKGROUND: Patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) exhibit significant cognitive and neural disturbances compared to healthy individuals when processing food and body-related stimuli. These disturbances not only contribute to the manifestation and chronification of their pathological eating behaviour but also underscore the complex interplay of cognitive, emotional, and neurobiological factors in AN. However, the precise underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms of these disturbances remain a compelling area of investigation...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547183/cohort-profile-the-farmmerge-project-merging-human-and-animal-databases-to-investigate-the-relationship-between-farmer-and-livestock-health-and-welfare-the-hunt-study
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Magnhild Oust Torske, Natalie Steen, Jonil Tau Ursin, Steinar Krokstad, Håvard Nørstebø, Karianne Muri
Stockmanship is an important determinant for good animal welfare and health. The goal of the FarmMERGE project is to investigate the associations between farmer health and work environment, and the health, productivity and welfare of their livestock. We merged several livestock industry databases with a major total population-based health study in Norway (The Trøndelag Health Study 2017-2019 (HUNT4)). This paper describes the project's collection and merging of data, and the cohort of farmers and farms that were identified as a result of our registry merge...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547115/efficacy-and-safety-of-biologic-agents-for-iga-nephropathy-a-protocol-for-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jia Ma, Jianyue Xing, Yupeng Zhang, Guangzhen Liu
BACKGROUND: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and a leading cause of chronic kidney failure. There are currently no definitive therapeutic regimens to treat or prevent the progression of IgAN. However, biologic agents offer novel therapeutic approaches that target immunological mechanisms to slow or halt disease progression. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biologic agents in patients with IgA nephropathy...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547091/labor-market-segmentation-and-the-gender-wage-gap-evidence-from-china
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mingming Li, Yuan Tang, Keyan Jin
Although the Chinese government has implemented a variety of measures, the gender wage gap in 21st century China has not decreased. A significant body of literature has studied this phenomenon using sector segmentation theory, but these studies have overlooked the importance of the collective economy beyond the public and private sectors. Moreover, they have lacked assessment of the gender wage gap across different wage groups, hindering an accurate estimation of the gender wage gap in China, and the formulation of appropriate recommendations...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38547047/validation-of-a-new-non-hyperemic-physiological-index-the-constant-resistance-ratio-crr
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chenguang Li, Jing Wu, Jiayan Lin, Yizhe Wu, Rende Xu, Juying Quian, William Kongto Hau, Emanuele Barbato, Nils J Johnson, Barry Hennigan, Colin Berry, Keith G Oldroyd, Liang Song, Junbo Ge
OBJECTIVES: The instantaneous wave-free ratio (iwFR) has limited availability. A new resting index called the constant-resistance ratio (cRR), which dynamically identifies cardiac intervals with constant and minimum resistance, has been developed; however, its diagnostic performance is unknown. The aim of this study was to validate the cRR by retrospectively calculating the cRR values from raw pressure waveforms of 2 publicly available datasets and compare them with those of the iwFR...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Invasive Cardiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546973/changes-in-public-attitude-toward-epilepsy-in-hungary-since-1994-a-multicriteria-weighting-analysis
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mengesha Srahbzu Biresaw, József Vitrai, Péter Halász, Vivian Correa, Anna Szűcs
OBJECTIVE: To assess the adult Hungarian population's knowledge about and attitude toward epilepsy and compare the present findings with previous ones in 1994 and 2000. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional survey of the Hungarian adult population from 28th February to 8th March 2023. A non-probability quota sampling with a random walk method was used. We applied the computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) method and used a multicriteria weighting procedure to correct for bias along the main sociodemographic variables...
March 28, 2024: Epilepsia Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546903/novel-multiplexed-high-throughput-screening-of-selective-inhibitors-for-drug-metabolizing-enzymes-using-human-hepatocytes
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jianhua Liu, Daria Vernikovskaya, Gary Bora, Anthony Carlo, Woodrow Burchett, Samantha Jordan, Lloyd Wei Tat Tang, Joy Yang, Ye Che, George Chang, Matthew D Troutman, Li Di
Selective chemical inhibitors are critical for reaction phenotyping to identify drug-metabolizing enzymes that are involved in the elimination of drug candidates. Although relatively selective inhibitors are available for the major cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP), they are quite limited for the less common CYPs and non-CYPs. To address this gap, we developed a multiplexed high throughput screening (HTS) assay using 20 substrate reactions of multiple enzymes to simultaneously monitor the inhibition of enzymes in a 384-well format...
March 28, 2024: AAPS Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546902/the-value-of-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio-in-predicting-severity-of-coronary-involvement-and-long-term-outcome-of-percutaneous-coronary-intervention-in-patients-with-acute-coronary-syndrome-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#16
REVIEW
Farzad Shahsanaei, Shahin Abbaszadeh, Soudabeh Behrooj, Nima Rahimi Petrudi, Bahareh Ramezani
BACKGROUND: The value of counting inflammatory cells and especially their counting ratio in predicting adverse clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing revascularization has been shown, but the results of studies have been very diverse and paradoxical. The aim of the current study was to systematically review the studies that investigated the role of increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)...
March 28, 2024: Egyptian Heart Journal: EHJ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546864/-artificial-intelligence-in-intensive-care-medicine
#17
REVIEW
André Baumgart, Grietje Beck, David Ghezel-Ahmadi
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into intensive care medicine has made considerable progress in recent studies, particularly in the areas of predictive analytics, early detection of complications, and the development of decision support systems. The main challenges remain availability and quality of data, reduction of bias and the need for explainable results from algorithms and models. Methods to explain these systems are essential to increase trust, understanding, and ethical considerations among healthcare professionals and patients...
March 28, 2024: Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546859/eating-disorders-among-international-migrants-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#18
REVIEW
Sara Siddiqi, Asia Akther, Dawn-Li Blair, Heidi Eccles, Brianna Frangione, Alexa Keeshan, Shubhdeep Nagi, Ian Colman
PURPOSE: Migrants may have elevated exposure to stressors, which can affect their physical and mental well-being. However, migrants often experience a healthy immigrant effect, the applicability of this phenomena to eating disorders is unknown. We aimed to synthesize the available literature and estimate a summary measure of prevalence odds ratio for eating disorders in migrant populations compared to local populations. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science with keywords on migration and eating disorders...
March 28, 2024: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546856/definitions-of-hospital-acquired-pneumonia-in-trauma-research-a-systematic-review
#19
REVIEW
Tim Kobes, Diederik P J Smeeing, Falco Hietbrink, Kim E M Benders, R Marijn Houwert, Mark P C M van Baal
PURPOSE: What are reported definitions of HAP in trauma patient research? METHODS: A systematic review was performed using the PubMed/MEDLINE database. We included all English, Dutch, and German original research papers in adult trauma patients reporting diagnostic criteria for hospital-acquired pneumonia diagnosis. The risk of bias was assessed using the MINORS criteria. RESULTS: Forty-six out of 5749 non-duplicate studies were included. Forty-seven unique criteria were reported and divided into five categories: clinical, laboratory, microbiological, radiologic, and miscellaneous...
March 28, 2024: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery: Official Publication of the European Trauma Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546838/posture-enhancement-with-cerebellum-transcranial-electrical-stimulation-a-systematic-review-of-current-methods-and-findings
#20
REVIEW
Mostafa Mehraban Jahromi, Přemysl Vlček, Eugen Kvašňák, Marcela Grünerová Lippertová
Recently, transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has gained increasing popularity among researchers, especially for recovery and improvement, but interpretation of these results is difficult due to variations in study methods and outcome measurements. The main goal of this study was to better understand the postural and balance indicators affected by cerebellar tES, as the cerebellum is the main brain region responsible for controlling balance. For this systematic literature review, three databases were searched for articles where the cerebellum was stimulated by any type of tES in either healthy participants or those with neurologic disorders...
March 28, 2024: Experimental Brain Research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation Cérébrale
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