Neonatal hepatitis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate breastfeeding initiation rates among people living with and without hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during pregnancy and to identify characteristics associated with breastfeeding initiation. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of individuals who had a live birth in the United States from 2016 to 2021 using the National Center for Health Statistics birth certificate data. We grouped participants by whether they had HCV infection during pregnancy...

It is critical to consider intra-abdominal pathology in cases of neonatal respiratory distress. Accurate and prompt diagnosis via computed tomography is lifesaving. We have highlighted the effectiveness of rapid surgical intervention as curative.

BACKGROUND: Umbilical catheters are commonly inserted in newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) yet are associated with serious adverse events (AEs) such as malposition, migration, infection, thrombosis, hepatic complications, cardiac effusion, and cardiac tamponade. There is a need to determine the incidence and risk factors for AEs to inform safe practice. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for AEs (all-cause and individual types) associated with umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) and umbilical arterial catheters (UACs) in the NICU...

OBJECTIVES: Polymorphisms of the uridine-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 ( UGT1A1 ) gene, hepatic solute carrier organic anion transporter 1B1/B3 ( SLCO1B1/3 ) gene, and glutathione S-transferase ( GST ) gene have been associated with significant hyperbilirubinemia in some populations. This study aims to determine whether the variation of UGT1A1 , SLCO1B1/3 and GST genes play an important role in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Turkish newborn infants. METHODS: The study included 61 idiopathic hyperbilirubinemia cases, 28 prolonged jaundice cases, and 41 controls...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The functional maturation of the liver largely occurs after birth. In the early stages of life, the liver of a newborn encounters enormous high-fat metabolic stress caused by the consumption of breast milk. It is unclear how the maturing liver adapts to high lipid metabolism. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play a fundamental role in establishing liver vasculature and are decorated with many glycoproteins on their surface. The Slc35a1 gene encodes a CMP-sialic acid transporter responsible for transporting CMP-sialic acids between the cytoplasm and the Golgi apparatus for protein sialylation...

BACKGROUND: Giant congenital biliary dilation (CBD) is a rare condition observed in clinical practice. Infants born with this condition often experience a poor overall health status, and the disease progresses rapidly, leading to severe biliary obstruction, infections, pressure exerted by the enlarged CBD on abdominal organs, disturbances in the internal environment, and multiple organ dysfunction. The treatment of giant CBD using laparoscopy is challenging due to the high degree of variation in the shape of the bile duct and other organs, making it difficult to separate the bile duct wall from adjacent tissues or to control bleeding...

AIM: How maternal opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) affects children is under-researched. This population-based registry study investigated child growth and somatic health following intrauterine exposure to this treatment. METHODS: Children born between 1 March 2011 and 30 May 2021 to mothers who used buprenorphine, buprenorphine-naloxone, or methadone throughout their pregnancies were followed for 2 years at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. Appropriate statistical tests were used to compare the treatment groups...

Hepatic hemangioma is the most prevalent benign liver tumor during the fetal and neonatal period, and its rupture poses a severe threat to newborns' lives-this article presents a case involving the spontaneous rupture of a hepatic hemangioma in a neonate. Early diagnosis through ultrasound enabled prompt treatment, resulting in the patient's timely discharge.

The patient was a male infant, born full-term, admitted to the hospital at 28 days of age due to jaundice for 20 days and abdominal distension for 15 days. The patient developed symptoms of jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, massive ascites, and progressively worsening liver function leading to liver failure, severe coagulation disorders, and thrombocytopenia one week after birth. Various treatments were administered, including anti-infection therapy, fluid restriction, use of diuretics, use of hepatoprotective and choleretic agents, intermittent paracentesis, blood exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin, albumin, and plasma transfusions...

Insertion of umbilical venous catheters is a common procedure in neonatal intensive care. Though sometimes lifesaving, this maneuver is potentially associated with early and late complications, some of which may be severe and even life threatening (catheter malposition, hepatic lesions, venous thrombosis, pericardial effusion, etc.). The recent literature suggests several operative strategies that, if adopted systematically, may significantly reduce the incidence of both early and late catheter related complications...

Hematology is a clinical specialty with strong roots in the laboratory; accordingly, the lab can help solve perplexing clinical problems. This review highlights clinical-pathological conundrums addressed during my 35-year hematology career at McMaster University. Heyde syndrome is the association between aortic stenosis and bleeding gastrointestinal (GI) angiodysplasia where the bleeding is usually cured by aortic valve replacement; the chance reading of a neonatal study showing reversible deficiency of high-molecular-weight (HMW) multimers of von Willebrand factor (vWF) following surgical correction of congenital heart disease provided the key insight that a subtle deficiency of HMW multimers of vWF explains Heyde syndrome...

The development of pediatric oral drugs is hampered by a lack of predictive simulation tools. These tools, in turn, require data on the physiological variables that influence oral drug absorption, including the expression of drug transporter proteins (DTPs) and drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in the intestinal tract. The expression of hepatic DTPs and DMEs shows age-related changes, but there are few data on protein levels in the intestine of children. In this study, tissue was collected from different regions of the small and large intestine from neonates (i...

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) is essential for biliary development, while its genetic defect triggers the dysplasia of interlobular bile ducts, leading to life-threatening hepatitis and cholestasis. To date, this disorder has mainly been documented in neonates. Here, we report a case of cholestasis in an adult patient caused by a de novo HNF1β mutation. A liver biopsy revealed remarkable shrinkage of the portal area accompanied by a decrease or absence of interlobular bile ducts, veins, and arteries in the portal area...

OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to explore the effect of COVID-19 infection on pregnant women in plateau regions. STUDY DESIGN: Data from 381 pregnant women infected with COVID-19 who underwent prenatal examination or treatment at Women and Children's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region between January 2020 and December 2022 and 314 pregnant women not infected with COVID-19 were retrospectively collected. METHODS: The study participants were divided into an infected and non-infected group according to whether they were infected with COVID-19...

BACKGROUND: The developmental immaturity of the innate immune system helps explains the increased risk of infection in the neonatal period. Importantly, innate immune signaling pathways such as p65/NFκB and c-Jun/AP1 are responsible for the prevention of hepatocyte apoptosis in adult animals, yet whether developmental immaturity of these pathways increases the risk of hepatic injury in the neonatal period is unknown. METHODS: Using a murine model of endotoxemia (LPS 5 mg/kg IP x 1) in neonatal (P3) and adult mice, we evaluated histologic evidence of hepatic injury and apoptosis, presence of p65/NFκB and c-Jun/AP1 activation and associated transcriptional regulation of apoptotic genes...

BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases including syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B are major contributors to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The World Health Organization has prioritized elimination of vertical transmission of these three diseases. OBJECTIVES: To rapidly assess the impact of interventions designed to improve antenatal screening rates for syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B in LMICs and to identify areas for future implementation research...

Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis (DNH) is an infrequent condition characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of multiple cutaneous hemangiomas and the involvement of 3 or more organs. DNH is suspected when multiple hemangiomas are identified on the skin of the infant. Although it is benign in nature, DNH can lead to critical and life-threatening complications. Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical evaluation with a significant emphasis on imaging techniques. In this case report, we present an unusual pediatric case of diffuse infantile hemangioendothelioma, for which the investigative approach included ultrasound and CT scans...

BACKGROUND: The critically low hepatic iron stores of newborn piglets are considered to be a major cause of neonatal iron deficiency in modern breeds of domestic pig (Sus domestica). The main factor believed to contribute to this phenomenon is large litter size, which has been an objective of selective breeding of pigs for decades. As consequence, iron transferred from the pregnant sow has to be distributed among a greater number of fetuses. RESULTS: Here, we investigated whether litter size influences red blood cell (RBC) indices and iron parameters in Polish Large White (PLW) piglets and gilts...

Background: The pediatric palliative care (PPC) sets up an interdisciplinary approach of chronic complex diseases throughout birth to adolescence. It encompasses countless contrasts in development and diagnosis scopes, which make this area a challenge to nonpediatric practitioners. Objective: We sought to assess the most prevalent diseases in follow-up of the PPC team. Methods: We analyzed the medical records of PPC clinic during the years 2001 and 2021 and the diagnosis of outpatients. We established a parallel with the world scientific literature concerning the epidemiology of PPC...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiologies and outcomes of liver disease in pregnancy in a developing country. METHOD: A total of 336 consecutive pregnant women with liver disease were included in this prospective cohort study conducted at the Department of Gastroenterology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi from August 2019 to August 2021. Patients' baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data and outcomes were collected on a pre-designed questionnaire...