Malaria pregnancy

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BACKGROUND: Although the Philippines targets malaria elimination by 2030, it remains to be a disease that causes considerable morbidity in provinces that report malaria. Pregnant women residing in endemic areas are a vulnerable population, because in addition to the risk of developing severe malaria, their pregnancy is not followed through, and the outcome of their pregnancy is unknown. This study determined the utility of real-world data integrated with disease surveillance data set as real-world evidence of pregnancy and delivery outcomes in areas endemic for malaria in the Philippines...

BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic malaria during pregnancy is a significant public health concern in malaria-endemic regions, which worsens the various effects of malaria on the mother and fetus and increases maternal and neonatal mortality. To date, no meta-analysis has been conducted on asymptomatic malaria in pregnant women in Ethiopia. Thus, we aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and its associated factors in pregnant women in Ethiopia. METHODS: PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane, AJOL, and Ethiopian University repositories were systematically searched to identify studies reporting the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infection among pregnant women in Ethiopia...

The quality of health services is key to the goal of averting morbidity and mortality from malaria. From July 2020 to August 2021, PMI Impact Malaria supported the implementation of four rounds of Outreach Training and Supportive Supervision (OTSS) in 12 health districts in the two regions of Niger: Dosso and Tahoua. Through OTSS, trained supervisors conducted onsite visits to observe an average of 174 healthcare workers (HCWs) per round in 96 public primary health facilities, managing persons with fever or conducting antenatal care (ANC) consultations, and then provided instant and individualized feedback and onsite training...

Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is associated with maternal anemia, spontaneous abortion, and infant and maternal death. In Tanzania, MiP service data are collected through routine Malaria Services and Data Quality Improvement (MSDQI) supportive supervision rounds at antenatal care (ANC) facilities. Using structured assessment tools, the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative Impact Malaria Project reviewed two annual rounds of MSDQI data (492 facilities in 2021 and 522 facilities in 2022), including ANC records and client satisfaction interviews...

We describe a 5-week-old term infant with Plasmodium ovale severe congenital malaria in a non-endemic setting. She presented with diarrhea, poor feeding, lethargy, hepatosplenomegaly, and severe anemia. She was fortuitously diagnosed with malaria on routine blood smear, and successfully treated with intravenous artesunate. Subsequent history revealed maternal malaria diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy in Nigeria. This case underscores the importance of obtaining maternal exposure history and considering malaria testing in pregnant women and infants with unexplained illness...

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of daily co-trimoxazole, an antifolate used for malaria chemoprevention in pregnant women living with HIV, is threatened by cross-resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the antifolate sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. We assessed whether addition of monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine to daily co-trimoxazole is more effective at preventing malaria infection than monthly placebo plus daily co-trimoxazole in pregnant women living with HIV. METHODS: We did an individually randomised, two-arm, placebo-controlled trial in areas with high-grade sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Kenya and Malawi...

BACKGROUND: The cornerstone of malaria prevention in pregnancy, intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, is contraindicated in women with HIV who are receiving co-trimoxazole prophylaxis. We assessed whether IPTp with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is safe and effective in reducing the risk of malaria infection in women with HIV receiving co-trimoxazole prophylaxis and antiretroviral drugs. METHODS: For this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, women with HIV attending the first antenatal care clinic visit, resident in the study area, and with a gestational age up to 28 weeks were enrolled at five sites in Gabon and Mozambique...

BACKGROUND: Anemia is one of the contributing factors for morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in developing country including India, which eventually leads to fetal and maternal consequences. Growing fetus depends completely on mothers for all its growth and maturity. Anemia is one of the nutritional deficiency disorders and around 56% of women are suffering from anemia in India. It is one of the reasons for maternal deaths and fetal complication during pregnancy. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and to determine the risk factors of anemia among pregnant women in PBMH hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The Yi people in the Xiaoliangshan region in southwest China have a unique practice of combining ritual treatment and traditional medicine to care for patients. Despite increasing urbanization in the area, they have managed to preserve their distinctive lifestyle and extensive knowledge of traditional medicinal plants, setting them apart from other regions. However, there is a lack of systematic documentation on the knowledge of traditional medicinal plants used by the Yi people in Xiaoliangshan...

BACKGROUND: Approximately 32 million pregnant women are at risk of malaria with up to 10,000 maternal deaths and 200,000 neonates at risk annually. Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce disease in pregnancy and adverse maternal and newborn outcomes. At least three doses of SP should be taken by pregnant women during antenatal consultation (ANC) beginning from the thirteenth week of pregnancy till parturition...

Despite marked progress in Senegal, three regions in the southeast part continue to have a high burden of malaria, but there have been no recent studies assessing the prevalence of malaria associated with pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria infection in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Senegal. During the malaria transmission season of 2019, pregnant women attending 11 health care facilities for a scheduled visit and those presenting unwell with signs of malaria were invited to participate in a malaria screening study...

BACKGROUND: The uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) remains unacceptably low, with more than two-thirds of pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa still not accessing the three or more doses recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). In contrast, the coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC), a more recent strategy recommended by the WHO for malaria prevention in children under five years living in Sahelian countries with seasonal transmission, including Mali and Burkina-Faso, is high (up to 90%)...

Globally, there are an estimated 13.3 million cases of acute kidney injury (AKI) annually. Although infections are a common cause of AKI globally, most infection-associated AKI occurs in low- and lower-middle-income countries. There are marked differences in the etiology of infection-associated AKI across age groups, populations at risk, and geographic location. This article provides a global overview of different infections that are associated commonly with AKI, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human immunodeficiency virus, malaria, dengue, leptospirosis, tick-borne illnesses, and viral hemorrhagic fevers...

BACKGROUND: Based on understanding of placental pathological features and safe medication in pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM), establishment of a stable pregnant mouse infection model with Plasmodium was urgently needed. METHODS: ICR mice with vaginal plugs detected were randomly divided into post-pregnancy infection (Malaria+ ) and uninfected pregnancy (Malaria- ) cohorts. Age-matched mice that had not been mated were infected as pre-pregnancy infection group (Virgin control), which were subsequently mated with ICR males...

Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) intervention coverage, especially intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), lags behind other global malaria indicators. In 2020, across Africa, only 32% of eligible pregnant women received at least three IPTp doses, despite high antenatal care attendance. We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected during outreach, training, and supportive supervision visits from 2019 to 2020 to assess quality of care and explore factors contributing to providers' competence in providing IPTp, insecticide-treated nets, malaria case management, and respectful maternity care...

Delayed Plasmodium falciparum malaria in immigrants from disease-endemic countries is rare. Such cases pose a challenge for public health because mosquitoborne transmission must be rigorously investigated. We report a case of delayed P. falciparum malaria in a pregnant woman with sickle cell trait 11 years after immigration to the United States.

Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) is responsible for the most lethal form of malaria. VAR2CSA is an adhesin protein expressed by this parasite at the membrane of infected erythrocytes for attachment to the placenta, leading to pregnancy-associated malaria. VAR2CSA is a large 355 kDa multidomain protein composed of nine extracellular domains, a transmembrane helix, and an intracellular domain. VAR2CSA binds to Chondroitin Sulphate A (CSA) of the proteoglycan matrix of the placenta. Shear flow, as the one occurring in blood, has been shown to enhance the (VAR2CSA-mediated) adhesion of Pf-infected erythrocytes on the CSA-matrix...

BACKGROUND: In countries with high child mortality rates, such as Nigeria, early intervention for common childhood illnesses (e.g., pneumonia and malaria) is essential for improving clinical outcomes. The timely reporting and treatment of fever is therefore critical in making a differential diagnosis and choosing an appropriate course of treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and major risk factors associated with delays in seeking treatment for fever in children under five years of age in Nigeria...

BACKGROUND: The widely accepted prevalence of traditional medicine (TM) in Ethiopia was about 80 %, of which 95 % were sourced from plants. The purpose of this study was to update knowledge of the prevalence of herbal medicine or TM in Ethiopia and describe the characteristics of the population mostly relying on herbal medicine or TM to inform health policy-makers. METHODS: PubMed, Google Scholar, Hinari, Scopus, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) were searched...