HPV anus

INTRODUCTION: The Prevanal study is interested in anal cancer in MSM: a rare cancer linked in 90 % of cases to an infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Sexually transmitted despite the use of a condom, it affects in particular HIV-positive MSM who are considered a particularly exposed group. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH: It aims above all to translate an epidemiological problem into a socio-anthropological question focused on sexuality and gender identities. The challenge is to develop a multidimensional approach to this emerging and resurgent health issue among MSM...

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and anal canal is a rare malignancy with an increasing incidence in the United States. In the past 2 decades, the proportion of Americans diagnosed with incurable, metastatic anal cancer at the time of initial presentation has increased. Most cases are linked to prior infection with HPV. Although concurrent chemoradiotherapy has been the accepted standard treatment for patients with localized anal cancer over the past half century, therapeutic advances have increased options for patients with unresectable or incurable anal cancer over the past 5 years...

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted pathogen both in men and women. Accumulating epidemiological evidence supports a strong association between HPV infection and cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, and penis. Currently, data on the HPV prevalence and genotyping is lacking in Northern Cyprus, a region in which HPV vaccination is not freely accessible via the national immunization program. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HPV type-specific prevalence in women with and without cytological abnormalities living in Northern Cyprus...

BACKGROUND: Almost all cases of cervical and anal cancer have been linked to the human papillomavirus (HPV). However, in addition to women who develop HPV-related cervical cancer, both men and women can also develop cancers of the anus, oral cavity, and oropharynx that are attributed to HPV. However, literature on HPV vaccination among boys globally, in Africa, and most especially in Ghana is scarce. Thus, the main objective of this study was to explore the acceptance of HPV vaccination in boys among mothers from selected churches in Accra, Ghana...

BACKGROUND: To summarize HPV vaccine efficacy/effectiveness (VE) against anal HPV infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). METHODS: We performed literature review and meta-analysis to estimate VE stratified by age and analytic population (per-protocol efficacy [PPE] or intention-to-treat [ITT] population in clinical trials, or real-world studies). RESULTS: We identified 6 clinical trials and 8 real-world studies. In participants vaccinated at ≤26 years (mainly HIV-negative individuals), significant VE against incident/prevalent HPV infection was reported in clinical trials, with a higher estimate in PPE (2 studies; 2390 participants; VE 84%, 95%CI 77-90%; I2=0%) than ITT (2 studies; 4885 participants; 55%, 39-67%; 46%) or in real-world studies (4 studies; 2375 participants; 77%, 40-91%; 81%)...

The incidence and mortality of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus has been gradually increasing globally over the last few decades. The evolution of different modalities, including immunotherapies, has changed the treatment paradigm of metastatic anal cancers. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immune-modulating therapies form the backbone of treatment of anal cancer in various stages. Most anal cancers are linked to high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 are responsible for an anti-tumor immune response triggering the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with 5% of all cancers globally at a range of body sites, including cervix, anus, penis, vagina, vulva, and oropharynx. These cancers claim > 400,000 lives annually. The persistent infection of HPV and the function of viral oncogenes are the primary causes of HPV-related cancers. However, only some HPV-infected persons or infected lesions will progress to cancer, and the burden of HPV-associated cancer varies widely according to gender and the part of the body infected...

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, a common sexually transmitted disease, is associated with cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and head and neck. Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC; throat cancer) is a type of cancer involving the head and neck area that is rapidly increasing across the globe. There are higher rates of OPSCC among Indigenous populations relative to non-Indigenous Australian populations, although the HPV-attributable fraction remains unknown...

Anal cancer is a major health problem. This study seeks to determine if the topical protease inhibitor Saquinavir (SQV), is effective at the prevention of anal cancer in transgenic mice with established anal dysplasia. K14E6/E7 mice were entered into the study when the majority spontaneously developed high-grade anal dysplasia. To ensure carcinoma development, a subset of the mice was treated with a topical carcinogen: 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Treatment groups included: no treatment, DMBA only, and topical SQV with/without DMBA...

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is a rare gastrointestinal cancer. Factors associated with progression of HPV infection to anal dysplasia and cancer are unclear and screening guidelines and approaches for anal dysplasia are less clear than for cervical dysplasia. One potential contributing factor is the anorectal microbiome. In this study, we aimed to identify differences in anal microbiome composition in the settings of HPV infection, anal dysplasia, and anal cancer in this rare disease...

BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) without HIV are known to be at elevated relative risk for Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anal cancer in comparison to men who have sex with women (MSW), but are poorly characterized in terms of anal cancer incidence due to absence of reporting of sexual behavior/identity at a population-level. METHODS: By combining age-specific statistics from multiple data sources (anal cancer incidence among all males; anal cancer incidence among MSM and MSW with HIV; population size of men with HIV by sexual orientation), we developed a mathematical model to estimate anal cancer incidence, annual number of cases, and proportion by (a) sexual orientation (MSM versus MSW), (b) HIV status, and (c) age (<30, 30-44, 45-59, and ≥60 years)...

While human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated adenocarcinoma of the anus resembling endocervical adenocarcinoma has recently been described, anal adenocarcinoma in situ/AIS has not. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, truly biphasic anal adenosquamous carcinoma in situ (ADSQ-IS) is essentially non-existent in the literature. Here, we report four cases of anal ADSQ-IS including one with associated invasive adenosquamous carcinoma. Histologically, all cases of ADSQ-IS showed a basal/peripheral population of stratified, p40-positive dysplastic squamous cells adjacent to luminal, columnar, p40-negative dysplastic glandular cells, bearing a striking resemblance to the normal anal transitional epithelium...

BACKGROUND: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is implicated in the causal pathway of cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, cervix, anus, and oropharyngeal region. It is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. Despite the documented safety and effectiveness of the HPV vaccine, rates lag behind those of other vaccines given at the same age. OBJECTIVE: Provider recommendation is identified as a robust predictor of HPV vaccine uptake, and physician-prompting is shown to increase the provision of preventive care services in general...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with the risk of developing certain cancers, including cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus, rectum, and oropharynx. In 2016, the bivalent HPV-16/18 vaccine was included in the Korea National Immunization Program. This vaccine protects against HPV types 16 and 18 and other oncogenic HPV types predominant in cervical and anal cancers. This post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study assessed the safety of the HPV-16/18 vaccine in Korea. The study was conducted in males and females aged between 9 and 25 years, from 2017 to 2021...

The incidence of anal intraepithelial neoplasias associated with HPV is rising worldwide. In the general population, this pathology is rare, but individuals living with HIV/AIDS are at a significantly higher risk. We aimed to study HPV infection and performed cytological screening to study the epidemiological and behavioral determinants in a group of men and women living with HIV from a region in Mexico with high HIV incidence. This was a cross-sectional study including adults living with HIV/AIDS performed in Merida (Mexico)...

Women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL/CIN) are at high risk of anal human papillomavirus HPV infection, and it has also been suggested that self-inoculation of the virus from the anal canal to the cervix could explain HPV recurrence in the cervix after treatment of HSIL/CIN. We aimed to evaluate the bidirectional interactions of HPV infection between these two anatomical sites. We evaluated 68 immunocompetent women undergoing excisional treatment for HSIL/CIN...

The incidence of anal cancer is increasing, especially in high-risk groups, such as PLWH. HPV 16, a high-risk (HR) HPV genotype, is the most common genotype in anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the general population. However, few studies have described the distribution of HR HPV genotypes other than HPV 16 in the anus of PLWH. HPV genotyping was performed by DNA amplification followed by dot-blot hybridization to identify the HR and low-risk (LR) genotypes in benign anal lesions (n = 34), HSIL (n = 30), and SCC (n = 51) of PLWH and HIV-negative individuals...

UNLABELLED: Localized anal cancer is mostly represented by squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) and is cured in ≥80 % of cases by chemoradiation (CRT). Development of techniques for detection/evaluating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for diagnosis/ prognosis/response to therapy can change the manner we treat/follow SCCA patients. OBJECTIVE: to detect CTCs from patients with SCCA and evaluate the presence of HPV virus, p16 expression and markers related to resistance to CRT (RAD23B/ ERCC1/ TYMS) in CTCs at baseline and after CRT...

BACKGROUND: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers, including cervical and anal cancer. In this cross-sectional clinical study, we investigated the prevalence of cervical high-risk HPV (hrHPV) and low-risk (lrHPV), risk factors for cervical hrHPV infection, and the prevalence of cervical and anal hrHPV co-infection in KTRs and immunocompetent controls. METHODS: During 2016-2017, we recruited 125 female KTRs and 125 female immunocompetent controls from one dermatology department (KTRs and controls) and five nephrology departments (KTRs) in Denmark...

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States despite most cases being preventable by vaccination. HPV vaccine efficacy varies in relationship to when the vaccine is administered, with greater efficacy obtained if administered prior to sexual debut. Historically, this vaccine was created to protect women from cervical cancer. As scientific knowledge of HPV-related cancers has advanced, it has become evident that HPV vaccination is a priority for both genders...