Mers cov

Viral macrodomains that can bind to or hydrolyze protein adenosine diphosphate ribosylation (ADP-ribosylation) have emerged as promising targets for antiviral drug development. Many inhibitor development efforts have been directed against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 macrodomain 1 (SARS-CoV-2 Mac1). However, potent inhibitors for viral macrodomains are still lacking, with the best inhibitors still in the micromolar range. Based on GS-441524 , a remdesivir precursor, and our previous studies, we have designed and synthesized potent binders of SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 and other viral macrodomains including those of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)...

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread worldwide since its emergence in late 2019. Its ongoing evolution poses challenges for antiviral drug development. Coronavirus nsp6, a multiple-spanning transmembrane protein, participates in the biogenesis of the viral replication complex, which accommodates the viral replication-transcription complex. The roles of its structural domains in viral replication are not well studied...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the global scientific output related to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) between 2012 and 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Web of Science database was searched for articles on MERS-CoV published between 2012 and 2022 for bibliometric analysis. The parameters such as publication year, publication type, funding agencies, research institutions, journals, impact factors, language, and citation numbers of articles were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: The international flight network creates multiple routes by which pathogens can quickly spread across the globe. In the early stages of infectious disease outbreaks, analyses using flight passenger data to identify countries at risk of importing the pathogen are common and can help inform disease control efforts. A challenge faced in this modelling is that the latest aviation statistics (referred to as contemporary data) are typically not immediately available. Therefore, flight patterns from a previous year are often used (referred to as historical data)...

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a newly discovered swine coronavirus with potential cross-species transmission risk. Although SADS-CoV-induced host cell apoptosis and innate immunity antagonization has been revealed, underlying signaling pathways remain obscure. Here, we demonstrated that infection of SADS-CoV induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro , and that viral protein NS7a is mainly responsible for SADS-CoV-induced apoptosis in host cells. Furthermore, we found that NS7a interacted with apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 (AIFM1) to activate caspase-3 via caspase-6 in SADS-CoV-infected cells, and enhanced SADS-CoV replication...

OBJECTIVES: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of a class of highly pathogenic coronaviruses. The large family of coronaviruses, however, also includes members that cause only mild symptoms, like human coronavirus-229E (HCoV-229E) or OC43 (HCoV-OC43). Unravelling how molecular (and cellular) pathophysiology differs between highly and low pathogenic coronaviruses is important for the development of therapeutic strategies. METHODS: Here, we analysed the transcriptome of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC), differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) after infection with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV and HCoV-229E using bulk RNA sequencing...

Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) first emerged in 2012 and causes human infections in endemic regions. Most vaccines and therapeutics in development against MERS-CoV focus on the spike (S) glycoprotein to prevent viral entry into target cells. These efforts, however, are limited by a poor understanding of antibody responses elicited by infection along with their durability, fine specificity and contribution of distinct S antigenic sites to neutralization. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed S-directed binding and neutralizing antibody titers in plasma collected from individuals infected with MERS-CoV in 2017-2019 (prior to the COVID-19 pandemic)...

BACKGROUND: PlMERS-CoV is a coronavirus known to cause severe disease in humans, taxonomically classified under the subgenus Merbecovirus. Recent findings showed that the close relatives of MERS-CoV infecting vespertillionid bats (family Vespertillionidae), named NeoCoV and PDF-2180, use their hosts' ACE2 as their entry receptor, unlike the DPP4 receptor usage of MERS-CoV. Previous research suggests that this difference in receptor usage between these related viruses is a result of recombination...

The lower respiratory system serves as the target and barrier for beta-coronavirus (beta-CoV) infections. In this study, we explored beta-CoV infection dynamics in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) organoids, focusing on HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Utilizing advanced organoid culture techniques, we observed robust replication for all beta-CoVs, particularly noting that SARS-CoV-2 reached peak viral RNA levels at 72 h postinfection. Through comprehensive transcriptomic analysis, we identified significant shifts in cell population dynamics, marked by an increase in goblet cells and a concurrent decrease in ciliated cells...

BACKGROUND: Pathogenic viruses that cause large-scale global or regional outbreaks almost always contain class I fusion proteins. Although the viruses differ in morphology, they all require fusion protein-mediated virus-host cell membranes during the early stages of host cell invasion. METHOD: The CHR region and NHR region of fusion proteins can form the 6-HB structure to drive the fusion pore formation between viruses and host cells through metastable interactions...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has caused millions of deaths since its emergence in 2019. Innate immune antagonism by lethal CoVs such as SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for optimal replication and pathogenesis. The conserved nonstructural protein 15 (nsp15) endoribonuclease (EndoU) limits activation of double-stranded (ds)RNA-induced pathways, including interferon (IFN) signaling, protein kinase R (PKR), and oligoadenylate synthetase/ribonuclease L (OAS/RNase L) during diverse CoV infections including murine coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV...

Natural Killer (NK) cells play a significant role in the early defense against virus infections and cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of NK cells in both the induction and effector phases of vaccine-induced immunity in various contexts. However, their role in shaping immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination remains poorly understood. To address this matter, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of NK cell phenotype and function in SARS-CoV-2 unexposed individuals who received the BNT162b2 vaccine...

Recently, the world faced many epidemics which were caused by viral respiratory pathogens. Marine creatures including Asteroidea class have been one of the recent research topics due to their diverse and complex secondary metabolites. Some of these constituents exhibit antiviral activities. The present study aimed to extract and identify the potential antiviral compounds from Pentaceraster cumingi , Astropecten polyacanthus and Pentaceraster mammillatus . The results showed that promising activity of the methanolic extract of P...

This study describes the development and preliminary validation of a new serological assay using MERS-CoV S1 protein in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format. This assay has the advantage of being able to test MERS-CoV serum samples in a PC2 laboratory without the need for a high-level biocontainment laboratory (PC3 or PC4), which requires highly trained and skilled staff and a high level of resources and equipment. Furthermore, this MERS-CoV S1 ELISA enables a larger number of samples to be tested quickly, with results obtained in approximately five hours...

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) ravaged the world, and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibited highly prevalent oral symptoms that had significantly impacted the lives of affected patients. However, the involvement of four human coronavirus (HCoVs), namely SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-229E, in oral cavity infections remained poorly understood. We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of seven human oral tissues through consistent normalization procedure, including minor salivary gland (MSG), parotid gland (PG), tongue, gingiva, buccal, periodontium and pulp...

The merbecovirus subgenus of coronaviruses includes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which is a zoonotic respiratory pathogen that transmits from dromedary camels to humans and causes severe respiratory disease. Viral discovery efforts have uncovered hundreds of merbecoviruses in different species across multiple continents, but few of these viruses have been isolated or studied under laboratory conditions, leaving basic questions regarding their threat to humans unresolved. Viral entry into host cells is considered an early and critical step for transmission between hosts...

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic betacoronavirus that causes severe and often lethal respiratory illness in humans. The MERS-CoV spike (S) protein is the viral fusogen and the target of neutralizing antibodies, and has therefore been the focus of vaccine design efforts. Currently there are no licensed vaccines against MERS-CoV and only a few candidates have advanced to Phase I clinical trials. Here we developed MERS-CoV vaccines utilizing a computationally designed protein nanoparticle platform that has generated safe and immunogenic vaccines against various enveloped viruses, including a licensed vaccine for SARS-CoV-2...

The spread of COVID-19 continues due to genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2. Highly mutated variants of SARS-CoV-2 have an increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Due to the emergence of various new variants of the virus, there is an urgent need to develop broadly effective specific drugs for therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Molnupiravir (EIDD-2801, MK-4482), is an orally bioavailable ribonucleoside analogue of β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), has demonstrated efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and was recently approved for COVID-19 treatment...

The engieering of Cas13a crRNA to enhance its binding affinity with the Cas enzyme or target is a promising method of improving the collateral cleavage efficiency of CRISPR-Cas13a systems, thereby amplifying the sensitivity of nucleic acid detection. An examination of the top-performing engineered crRNA (24 nt 5'7U LbuCas13a crRNA, where the 5'-end was extended using 7-mer uridinylates) and optimized conditions revealed an increased rate of LbuCas13a-mediated collateral cleavage activity that was up to seven-fold higher than that of the original crRNA...

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/5578689.].