Analgesic

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of Kinesio Tape (KT) application as a complementary treatment for patients with acute ankle sprain (AAS) in an Emergency Department (ED) setting. METHODS: A prospective, quasi-randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care ED. Adult patients diagnosed with isolated, stable Grade 1 and Grade 2 AAS were included. Patients were divided into two groups: the KT group, where KT was applied in addition to conventional treatment, and the control group, receiving only conventional treatment...

Background: A dual COX/5-LOX strategy was adopted to develop new oxindole derivatives with superior anti-inflammatory activity. Methods: Three series of oxindoles - esters 4a - p , 6a - l and imines 7a - o - were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Molecular docking and predicted pharmacokinetic parameters were done for the most active compounds. A new LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of 4h in rat plasma. Results: Compounds 4h , 6d , 6f , 6j and 7m revealed % edema inhibition up to 100...

Migraine is a disease of neurovascular origin that affects the quality of life of more than one billion people and ranks sixth among the most common diseases in the world. Migraine is characterized by a moderate or severe recurrent and throbbing headache, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and photo-phonophobia. It usually starts in adolescence and is twice as common in women as in men. It is classified as with or without aura and has chronic or acute treatment types according to the frequency of occurrence. In acute treatment, analgesics that relieve pain in the fastest way are preferred, while there are different options in chronic treatment...

BACKGROUND: Several studies have confirmed the direct relationship between extracellular acidification and the occurrence of pain. As an effective pain management approach, the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment of acidification-induced pain is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the analgesic effect of EA in this type of pain and to explore the underlying mechanism(s). METHODS: We used plantar injection of the acidified phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 6...

BACKGROUND: As population aging and unhealthy living habits may exacerbate the prevalence and burden of low back pain (LBP), effective treatment and improvement of patient quality of life are particularly critical. Silver needle therapy (SNT), having evolved from traditional acupuncture, involves placing silver needles into muscles, tendons, and fascia for treatment. However, it still lacks robust clinical evidence to substantiate its effectiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more emphasis on meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical efficacy of SNT for treating LBP...

BACKGROUND: Paracetamol is one of the most popular drugs; it is used daily by many people especially the elderly, without a limitation on the length of the period allowed for continuous use. Harms from long-term use are less clear, particularly in extrahepatic regions. AIM: This study aimed to investigate whether using paracetamol at a non-observable adverse effect level dose, known not to cause toxic effects, for a long period can induce toxicity in aged male albino rats...

BACKGROUND: Pain management is essential for postoperative surgery. Given the association of opioids with adverse outcomes, interest in the use of nonopioid analgesics, such as ketorolac, has increased. Published data on use in neonates are limited. OBJECTIVES: To describe ketorolac dosing and safety and efficacy outcomes in the first 48 hours postcardiac surgery in neonates. DESIGN: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of neonates (ages < 28 d) who received ketorolac following cardiac surgery from November 2020 to July 2023 (inclusive)...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of preoperative anxiety on pain and analgesic consumption in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy (VH) with general and spinal anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 200 participants, including 100 undergoing vaginal hysterectomy with general anesthesia (group 1) and 100 with spinal anesthesia (group 2), were enrolled. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for the postoperative pain intensity. RESULTS: The 1st hour, 6th hour, 12th hour, and 18th hour VAS scores were higher in vaginal hysterectomy with general anesthesia than in vaginal hysterectomy with spinal anesthesia...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to observe the anesthetic effect and safety of intravenous anesthesia without muscle relaxant with propofol-remifentanil combined with regional block under laryngeal mask airway in pediatric ophthalmologic surgery. METHODS: A total of 90 undergoing ophthalmic surgery were anesthetized with general anesthesia using the laryngeal mask airway without muscle relaxant. They were randomly divided into two groups: 45 children who received propofol-remifentanil intravenous anesthesia combined with regional block (LG group), and 45 children who received total intravenous anesthesia (G group)...

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether apical patency increases postoperative pain after endodontic therapy. This study explored the degree and incidence of postoperative pain during root canal therapy, as well as the number of required analgesic doses. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and gray literature from the date of database inception until May 2023. RevMan 5.4 software was used for data analysis. Twelve studies were considered eligible for meta-analysis...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the early analgesic effects and the impact on knee joint function recovery after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) between single adductor canal block (SACB) and continuous adductor canal block (CACB) combined with local infiltration anesthesia (LIA) using a prospective study. METHODS: The patients with knee osteoarthritis admitted between April 2022 and December 2023 were enrolled as a subject. Among them, 60 patients met the selection criteria and were enrolled in the study...

UNLABELLED: Preemptive analgesia is used for postoperative pain management, providing pain relief with few adverse effects. In this study, the effect of a preemptive regime on rat behavior and c-fos expression in the spinal cord of the uterine surgical pain model was evaluated. METHOD: It was a lab-based experimental study in which sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats; eight to ten weeks old, weighing 150-300 gm were used. The rats were divided into three main groups: i) Control group (CG), ii) superficial pain group (SG) (with skin incision only), iii) deep pain group (with skin and uterine incisions)...

BACKGROUND: Opioids are frequently prescribed for persistent non-cancer pain despite limited evidence of long-term effectiveness and risk of harm. Evidence-based interventions to address inappropriate opioid prescribing are lacking. AIM: To explore perspectives of people living with persistent pain to understand barriers and facilitators in reducing opioids in the context of a pharmacist-led primary care review, and identify review components and features for optimal delivery...

The goal of palliative care is to focus on the holistic needs of the patient and their family versus the pathology of the patient's diagnosis to reduce the stress of illness. U.S. servicemembers deployed to austere environments worldwide have significantly less access to palliative care than in military treatment facilities in the U.S. Preparation for future conflicts introduces the concept of prolonged medical management for an environment where urgent casualty evacuation is impossible. Ketamine is currently widely used for analgesia and anesthesia in the care of military service members and its use has increased in combat zones of Iraq and Afghanistan due to the favorable preservation of respiratory function, minimal changes in hemodynamics, and lower pain scores compared to opioids...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the independent risk factors associated with iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and to establish receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve to facilitate the diagnosis of iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome in clinical settings. METHOD: Pediatric patients who received analgesic and sedative medication at a tertiary hospital in the southern Zhejiang region of China between January 2016 and December 2022 were selected for the study...

Spontaneous pain, a major complaint of patients with neuropathic pain, has eluded study because there is no reliable marker in either preclinical models or clinical studies. Here, we performed a comprehensive electroencephalogram/electromyogram analysis of sleep in several mouse models of chronic pain: neuropathic (spared nerve injury and chronic constriction injury), inflammatory (Freund's complete adjuvant and carrageenan, plantar incision) and chemical pain (capsaicin). We find that peripheral axonal injury drives fragmentation of sleep by increasing brief arousals from non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) without changing total sleep amount...

The pharmacokinetic profile of paracetamol in koalas is described when administered orally at 15 mg/kg; followed by the same dose, administered every 12 hours (hrs), repeated five times. After the initial oral administration, the median (range) maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), the time Cmax was reached (Tmax) and elimination half-life (t1/2) were 16.93 μg/mL (13.66 to 20.25 μg/mL); 4 hrs (4 to 8 hrs) and 5.54 hrs (4.66 to 7.67 hrs), respectively. When paracetamol was administered orally at 15 mg/mL every 12 hrs, the trough total plasma concentration range remained comparable to the therapeutic range in humans i...

The use of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) for musculoskeletal ailments is growing. WBC, involving brief exposure to extremely low temperatures, is increasingly used for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The paper examines the physiological impacts of WBC on cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, hematologic, hormonal, and metabolic systems. Specific orthopaedic applications discussed include its role in the management of fractures, osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, osteomyelitis, adhesive capsulitis, tendinopathies, rheumatic pathologies, chronic pain syndromes, and fibromyalgia...

Wrong dose calculation medication errors are widespread in pediatric patients mainly due to weight-based dosing. PediPain app is a clinical decision support tool that provides weight- and age- based dosages for various analgesics. We hypothesized that the use of a clinical decision support tool, the PediPain app versus pocket calculators for calculating pain medication dosages in children reduces the incidence of wrong dosage calculations and shortens the time taken for calculations. The study was a randomised controlled trial comparing the PediPain app vs...

BACKGROUND: Managing postoperative pain while minimizing opioid-related adverse drug events (ORADEs) remains a significant challenge. The OPI•AID Zone Tool is proposed as a novel clinical decision support tool that - both graphically and in a scoring-system - represents the relationship between pain management and the occurrence of ORADEs, aiming to enhance patient outcomes in postoperative care. The OPI•AID Zone Tool places pain score on the x-axis and an ORADE score on the y-axis, and stratifies patients into five zones to reflect the composite impact of pain severity and ORADEs on the quality of postoperative patient care...