Post operative infection

BACKGROUND: The aetiology of secondary complete atrioventricular blocks includes ischaemia, cardiac sarcoidosis, electrolyte imbalance, drug use, rheumatic fever, and infections such as Lyme disease and endocarditis. Diagnosis is important since some of these causes are reversible. Although several studies have reported on aortic valve calcification causing complete atrioventricular blocks, no study has described improvement of complete atrioventricular blocks by removal of the calcification...

OBJECTIVE: Serum creatinine is a byproduct of muscle metabolism, and low creatinine is postulated to be associated with diminished muscle mass. This study examined the association between low pre-operative serum creatinine and post-operative outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study utilized the 2014-2021 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program to identify patients undergoing surgery with gynecologic oncologists. Patients with missing pre-operative creatinine, end-stage renal disease, sepsis, septic shock, dialysis, or pregnancy were excluded...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of maternal mortality. Obesity and cesarean delivery are established risk factors for pregnancy-related VTE. We identified additional risk factors among patients with obesity who underwent a cesarean delivery to identify those who need VTE prophylaxis. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network (MFMU) Cesarean Registry Database using a case-control design. Cases were identified as women with obesity having a pre-pregnancy body mass index of >30 kg/m2 , who underwent cesarean delivery and subsequently developed deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE)...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric lung transplant patients are at risk for developing invasive fungal infections post-transplant. No consensus exists on optimal antifungal regimens and voriconazole, a common first-line agent, has been shown to cause hepatotoxicity. We describe a single-center experience utilizing a novel antifungal regimen of intravenous micafungin and nebulized amphotericin B immediately post-transplant with conversion to an azole at the time of hospital discharge and compare it to a historical cohort of patients who received voriconazole monotherapy throughout their immediate post-operative course...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Reliable biomarkers able to predict post-COVID syndrome development are still lacking. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between Galectin-3 blood concentrations and the development of post-COVID syndrome. METHODS: We performed a single-center, prospective, observational study, enrolling 437 consecutive patients attending our outpatient clinic for the post-COVID assessment. For each patient, we recorded the main clinical, functional and radiological findings...

BACKGROUND: Dacryocystorhinostomy surgery aims to treat nasolacrimal duct obstruction and are often performed by general ophthalmologists in developing countries. The aim of this study is to estimate the clinical burden, surgeon's experience, and outcome of dacryocystorhinostomy surgery. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of Nepalese Ophthalmologists registered with the Nepal Ophthalmic Society was conducted after ethical clearance from Nepal Health Research Council...

OBJECTIVES: The present article introduces a lingual composite tissue flap based on the tragus-like structure for correcting polyotia deformity, with the aim of providing a surgical technique that involves relocating polyotia tissue to reconstruct the tragus and fill the preauricular depression. METHODS: The study included a total of 21 patients with polyotia who underwent lingual composite tissue flap reconstruction between January 2020 to December 2022. Patients were retrospectively assessed through a comprehensive review of their medical records and photographic data...

Postoperative wound infections (PWIs) following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for elbow fractures can significantly affect patient outcomes. Identifying associated risk factors is crucial for improving clinical practices and patient care. A retrospective analysis (June 2020-June 2023) at our institution involved 90 patients who underwent elbow ORIF. Thirty patients developed PWIs (case group), compared to 60 who did not (control group). Variables like anaemia, operation duration, hospital stay, blood loss, body mass index (BMI), age, hypoalbuminemia, smoking status, diabetes mellitus and open fractures were examined...

Introduction: Augmentation rhinoplasty traditionally represents a serious challenge for plastic surgeons. The association with centrofacial lipofilling is a great approach to achieve harmonious, aesthetic results. The aim of this article is to describe our personal association between Augmentation Rhinoplasty and Centrofacial Lipofilling (ARCL) in non-Caucasian patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed patients treated with ARCL at our institution between January 2019 and December 2023...

Background: This study aims to assess the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) diagnostic value in detecting diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) among patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 80 patients with DFUs and suspected DFO between January 2022 and December 2023. The primary outcome measures included the diagnosis of DFO, determined by positive microbiological analysis results from bone samples and its correlation with the AIP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to select the optimal diagnostic cut-off points for AIP and post hoc analysis was performed to evaluate the difference in the AIP for diagnosing DFO in patients with and without peripheral arterial disease (PAD)...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to report the long-term survival of fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) with a mean of 14-year follow-up, and to determine possible risk factors of failure. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 337 fixed-bearing medial UKAs implanted between 2003 and 2014. Demographic and radiographic parameters were measured, including pre-operative and post-operative anatomical femorotibial angle (aFTA), posterior tibial slope (PTS), and anatomical medial proximal tibial angle (aMPTA)...

BACKGROUND: Treatment of scalp malignancies may include the need for craniectomy. The decision to perform cranioplasty is not straightforward and is frequently subjective. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes after reconstruction of complex scalp and calvarial defects by comparing patients with and without cranioplasty. METHODS: Retrospective review of the clinical records of a consecutive series of patients who underwent scalp soft tissue reconstruction after craniectomy for malignancy or osteoradionecrosis between 2014 and 2022 at Royal Melbourne Hospital was conducted...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Amyand's hernia with concurrent appendicitis is rare, with a reported incidence of 0.13 % of all inguinal hernias. This condition is challenging to diagnose and manage and no optimal treatment has been established. CASE PRESENTATION: A 71-year-old man presented with an acutely painful, tender, and irreducible right inguinal hernia. He had a history of a right inguinal hernia for several months and had undergone open left inguinal hernia repair...

BACKGROUND: Bicruciate-retaining (BCR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has seen renewed interest due to the potential for more natural knee kinematics with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) retention. OBJECTIVE: The present study attempts to determine differences in the 2-year survivorship and patient-reported outcomes between two surgical strategies (traditional instrumentation versus robotics) applied to the extensive use of a modern, 2nd generation BCR TKA design...

Lung transplant recipients are at higher risk of developing COVID-19 infection compared to other solid organ transplants. The risk further increases in the unvaccinated patients. We present a case of a 43-year-old male who underwent bilateral sequential lung transplantation for pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) and had an uneventful recovery. However, two years post-transplantation, the patient developed chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and two episodes of COVID-19 infection...

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) after liver transplant (LT) is common, but no studies have been conducted in Australia. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of patients who developed an SSI post-LT in Australia's largest LT unit. METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. We included all LT recipients who were aged 18 years or more and received their transplant between March 1, 2018 and April 1, 2023. The primary outcome was to determine the proportion of LT recipients who developed an SSI within 30 days of transplantation...

BACKGROUND: Oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (OBCS) has demonstrated superior cosmetic outcomes to traditional breast-conserving surgery (BCS) while maintaining oncologic safety. While prior studies have compared OBCS to mastectomy, there is a scarcity of literature on the impact of social determinants of health on outcomes. Furthermore, although traditionally tumors larger than 5 cm and multifocal disease were treated with mastectomy, the literature has now shown OBCS to be safe in treating such disease...

Background : Antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) is considered to be the gold standard for revision total hip arthroplasty (R-THA) due to the high incidence of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). To diagnose PJI, intraoperative tissue biopsies for culture are of particular importance. However, antibiotic interference could theoretically lead to less reliable culture results. Currently, there is no consensus on whether AP should be administered before or after tissue biopsy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of AP timing on culture results and PJI rates in presumed aseptic R-THA...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this retrospective analysis of a prospective quality control project was to determine whether the use of intrawound vancomycin powder (IVP) decreases the rate of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) within 90 days following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: From October 2021 to September 2022, a prospective quality control project was undertaken in which 10 high-volume total hip arthroplasty surgeons alternated between using and not using IVP each month while keeping other perioperative protocols unchanged...

OBJECTIVE: The use of biological grafts provides acceptable mid- and long-term results in native or prosthetic vascular infections. Several reports describe the successful use of bovine pericardium in case of vascular infections, mainly as a large patch to be sutured as a tubular graft. Recently, a novel prefabricated bovine pericardium graft (Biointegral Surgical No-React® Inc, Mississauga, ON, Canada) has been introduced in clinical practice with promising results. In this study, we report our preliminary experience utilizing Biointegral Surgical graft in case of native and or prosthetic aorto-iliac and infra-inguinal infection...